ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An inverse association was found between nut supplementation and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Identifying the direct effect of nut supplementation on endothelium-dependent vasodilation may partly explain that association. METHODS: Human intervention studies were identified by systematic electronic search of the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Web of Science through January 2017 and by manually searching related articles. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS: In total, 11 eligible articles involving 468 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results of the 13 trials showed that nut supplementation significantly increased flow-mediated dilation [weighted mean differences (WMD): 1.03 %; 95 % CI: 0.26-1.79 %, P = 0.008]. There was significant heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.006) that might partly be explained by the different types of nuts. No significant association between nut supplementation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation was observed in a fixed effect model (WMD: 1.10 %, 95 % CI: -0.19-2.38 %, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of nuts significantly improves the vascular endothelial function without affecting endothelium-independent vasodilatation.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy , Dietary Supplements , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Nuts , Vasodilation , Adult , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The root of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) is an important Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of various diseases. Extensive pharmacological studies have been conducted and demonstrated that it shows a wide range of bioactivities. Meanwhile, a considerable number of hepatotoxicity cases owing to oral administration of PM have been reported and have attracted great attention. However, the limited knowledge regarding the metabolism of PM restricts the deeper studies on its pharmacological/toxicological mechanism and therapeutic material basis. The present study aimed to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry method for separation and identification of metabolites in rat urine and plasma after oral administration of PM. Based on the proposed strategy, metabolism profiles of PM in rats were proposed for the first time and 43 metabolites were characterized or tentatively identified. Phase II metabolism, such as glucuronidation and sulfation, are the principal pathways of the main components. These findings will be beneficial to further understanding of the pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis of PM.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism , Polygonum/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Animals , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics , Emodin/analogs & derivatives , Male , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
In order to quickly and simultaneously obtain the chemical profiles and control the quality of the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thumb. and its processed form, a rapid qualitative and quantitative method, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS(n)) has been developed. The analysis was performed within 10 min on an AcQuity UPLC™ BEH C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile at flow rate of 400 µL/min. According to the fragmentation mechanism and high resolution MS(n) data, a diagnostic ion searching strategy was used for rapid and tentative identification of main phenolic components and 23 compounds were simultaneously identified or tentatively characterized. The difference in chemical profiles between P. multiflorum and its processed preparation were observed by comparing the ions abundances of main constituents in the MS spectra and significant changes of eight metabolite biomarkers were detected in the P. multiflorum samples and their preparations. In addition, four of the representative phenols, namely gallic acid, trans-2,3,5,4'-tetra-hydroxystilbene-2-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside, emodin and emodin-8-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside were quantified by the validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. These phenols are considered to be major bioactive constituents in P. multiflorum, and are generally regarded as the index for quality assessment of this herb. The method was successfully used to quantify 10 batches of P. multiflorum and 10 batches of processed P. multiflorum. The results demonstrated that the method is simple, rapid, and suitable for the discrimination and quality control of this traditional Chinese herb.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Fallopia multiflora/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/chemistry , Quality Control , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methodsABSTRACT
Four new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, rabdonervosins G-J (1-4, resp.), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Isodon nervosus. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR mass spectra. Compound 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and PC-9/ZD cell lines with IC50 values of 2.36 and 6.07 µM, respectively, and compound 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against the HepG2 and CNE2 cell lines with IC50 values of 8.64 and 9.77 µM, respectively.