Total triterpenes of Euphorbium alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of total triterpenes of Euphorbium in treating rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The rat model of RA was established with Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA). Male rats were randomly assigned into control, model, Tripterygium glycosides(7.5 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose total triterpenes of Euphorbium(32, 64, and 128 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) groups, with 10 rats in each group. In other groups except the control group, 0.2 mL FCA was injected into the right hind toe. Rats in the intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage, and the control group and the model group with the same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na solution once a day. During the treatment period, the swelling degree of the hind paw was measured and the arthritis was scored until day 30. At the end of drug administration, the pathological changes of the joint tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), and Fe~(2+) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the joint tissue were measured by biochemical colorimetry. RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4) in the joint tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), SOD2, GPX4, and ACSL4 in the joint tissue. The results showed that the treatment with Tripterygium glycosides(7.5 mg·kg~(-1)) and total triterpenes of Euphorbium(32, 64, and 128 mg·kg~(-1)) alleviated the swelling degree of bilateral hind limbs, decreased the arthritis score, reduced joint tissue lesions and the content of MDA and Fe~(2+) in the joint tissue, and increased GSH content and SOD activity. Furthermore, the interventions up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GPX4, down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of ACSL4, and up-regulated the protein levels of Keap1, NQO1, HO-1, and SOD2 in the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4. In summary, the total triterpenes of Euphorbium can treat RA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and abnormal ferroptosis, which may involve the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprint and content determination of 8 components in Jianpi huayu decoction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction， and to determine the contents of 8 components. METHODS Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column was used with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， the injection volume was 5 μL. The detection wavelength of matrine was 211 nm， and the other components’ detection wavelength was 283 nm. The similarity evaluation of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of Jianpi huayu decoction was performed by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS HPLC fingerprint of Jianpi huayu decoction was established. A total of 27 common peaks were identified， and 8 components were identified. The similarity between 10 batches of samples and the control map ranged from 0.942-0.999. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests were less than 3% （n＝6）. The average recoveries of chlorogenic acid， vanillic acid， p-coumaric acid， ferulic acid， hesperidin， quercetin， bergapten and matrine were 99.48%， 101.32%， 101.18%， 100.79%， 101.12%， 99.19%， 99.81% and 102.46%， respectively； RSDs were 1.34%， 0.93%， 1.90%， 1.84%， 0.54%， 1.53%， 1.33% and 1.01%， respectively （n＝6）. The contents were 0.021-0.061， 0.025-0.034， 0.116-0.295， 0.006- 0.062， 0.014-0.053， 0.017-0.026， 0.014-0.027 and 14.05-24.11 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and content determination method can provide a reference for the quality control and subsequent preparation development for Jianpi huayu decoction.

Protective Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Lavender Against Skin Photoaging in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of total flavonoids of lavender on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） in mice and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway. MethodEighty-four female KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups， namely blank group， model group， solvent group， vitamin E （0.013 g·kg-1） group， as well as low-， middle-， and high-dose （0.25， 1.25， 2.50 g·kg-1） groups of total flavonoids of lavender. The naked skin on the back of mice was irradiated with UVB for inducing optical damage. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the skin was coated with the total flavonoids of lavender. After continuous irradiation for one week， the skin moisture and elasticity on the back of mice were evaluated， and the effects of total flavonoids of lavender on histopathological changes in mouse skin were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Van Gieson （VG） staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） after skin homogenization were detected by colorimetry， the inflammatory factors interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skin tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， BTB-CNC homology 1 （Bach1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly increased appearance score （P<0.01）， reduced skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， pronounced pathological changes in the skin tissue like epidermal thickening， scabbing， small abscess， and severe injury， elevated MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated Bach1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total flavonoids of lavender at the low， middle， and high doses all remarkably reduced the appearance score （P<0.01）， enhanced the skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， diminished the MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1， HO-1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of Bach1 mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of the total flavonoids of lavender against skin photoaging in mice is significant， which may be related to its activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway， regulation of oxidative stress， and improvement of inflammatory response.

Clinical Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Combined with Shexiang Baoxinwan in Treatment of Acute Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the clinical efficacy of dapagliflozin combined with Shexiang Baoxinwan （SXBXW） in the treatment of acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction （HFrEF） and syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodA total of 176 patients hospitalized due to acute HFrEF （syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis） were selected and randomized into control group， SXBXW group， dapagliflozin group， and SXBXW + dapagliflozin group （the latter three groups were called the intervention groups）. The New York Heart Association （NYHA） class， 6-minute walk test （6MWT） score， Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire （KCCQ） score， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 （sST2）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） of the patients were evaluated and measured at the time of admission， 1 week after treatment， and 2 weeks of treatment. Furthermore， the hospital stay， in-hospital mortality， and 30-day re-admission rate were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of each group. ResultAfter 1 week of treatment， the SXBXW group exhibited superior NYHA class， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， IL-6， and hs-CRP to the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After 2 weeks of treatment， the SXBXW group showed superior TCM syndrome score， TCM curative effect， and hs-CRP （P<0.05， P<0.01） to the control group. The dapagliflozin group was superior to the control group in terms of TCM syndrome score， NT-proBNP， and sST2 （P<0.05， P<0.01） after 1 week of treatment and in terms of NYHA class， KCCQ score， NT-proBNP， sST2， and hospital stay （P<0.05， P<0.01） after 2 weeks of treatment. The SXBXW + dapagliflozin group exhibited better efficacy than the control group in terms of NYHA class， 6MWT score， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， NT-proBNP， sST2， IL-6， and hs-CRP （P=0.014） after 1 week of treatment and in terms of NYHA class， KCCQ score， TCM syndrome score and curative effect， NT-proBNP， sST2， IL-6， hs-CRP， and hospital stay （P<0.01） after 2 weeks of treatment. ConclusionSXBXW and dapagliflozin have good therapeutic effect on acute HFrEF and syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis， and their combination demonstrated better therapeutic effect， with good safety and tolerability.

Research on regional distribution and industrial status analysis of genuine medicinal resources of flowers in Henan province / 中国中药杂志

Flower medicinal materials usually refer to Chinese medicinal materials with a complete flower,inflorescence,or part of a flower as the different medicinal parts,they have an important share in the Chinese herbal medicine market and appeared frequently in Chinese medicine prescriptions. Firstly,the species and regional distribution of the flower medicinal materials resources in China were briefly summarized. Secondly,the characteristics,yield,producing area and origin distribution of the main flower medicinal materials in Henan province were discussed. Finally,the present situation and the main problems of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province were comprehensively analyzed,and the corresponding industrial development countermeasures were put forward.This research was intended to provide decision-making demonstration and scientific basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of resources,breeding of new varieties,planting division,production layout and the healthy and sustainable development of the flower medicinal materials industry in Henan province.

Analysis of Chinese citizens' traditional Chinese medicine health culture literacy level and its influence factors in 2017 / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the TCM health culture level and influence factors of Chinese citizens in 2017. PPS sampling combined with random sampling was used to select the residents aged between 15-69 years old in 30 provinces as the respondents,and a questionnaire study was conducted to investigate their TCM health culture level. In 2017,there were 87 287 valid questionnaires for Chinese citizens' TCM health culture level,including 48. 25% male and 51. 75% female,with a sex ratio of 1 ∶ 1. 073. In 2017,the overall TCM health culture level was 13. 39%,specifically 18. 77% for the urban areas and 10. 51% for the rural areas. Compared with people who were illiterate or less literate,people with an educational background of elementary school,junior high school,high school/vocational/technical school and junior college/university had a higher TCM health culture level,and the OR values were 1. 584( 95% CI[1. 166,2. 152]),2. 827( 95%CI[1. 839,4. 345]),5. 651( 95%CI[3. 637,8. 781]),9. 785( 95%CI[6. 187,15. 477]) in order. With civil servants as the reference,medical workers had a higher TCM health culture level( OR = 1. 829,95%CI[1. 279,2. 616]),while farmers had the lowest TCM health culture level( OR = 0. 493,95% CI[0. 349,0. 697]). Compared with people with the annual household income per capita of 20 000 yuan and below,people with the annual household income per capita between 20 000-50 000,50 000-80 000,80 000 yuan or above had a higher TCM health culture level,and the OR values were 1. 176( 95% CI[0. 963,1. 437]),1. 458( 95%CI[1. 168,1. 820]) and 1. 930( 95%CI[1. 509,2. 469]). Based on the differences between urban and rural areas,the influence factors of citizens' TCM health culture level include education,occupation and income.

Analysis of knowledge acquisition behavior of traditional Chinese medicine based on internet / 中国中药杂志

The study aims at understanding the situation of Chinese residents' access to Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet and analyze its influencing factors. A multi-stage PPS sampling method was used to collect 90 720 people for questionnaire survey. The survey found thatthe probability of Chinese residents accessing Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet was 54.7%. The females(with the males as reference, OR=1.076, 95% CI 1.018-1.137) and central population(with the east as reference, OR=1.235, 95% CI 1.048-1.456), people with Chinese medicine health culture literacy(with the people who do not have Chinese medicine health culture literacy as reference, OR=2.363, 95% CI 1.976-2.827) had a higher probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. Referring to people who were illiterate or less literate,the OR values of people who went to elementary school, junior school, high school/vocational/technical school and junior college/university was 2.396(95% CI 2.062-2.784),4.481(95% CI 3.751-5.352), 6.687(95% CI 5.541-8.07),and 9.109(95% CI 7.385-11.235). The higher the age, the lower the probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. Taking civil servants as a reference, teachers, students, farmers, and workers had a low probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. The OR values was 0.736(95% CI 0.548-0.988),0.609(95% CI 0.449-0.826), 0.424(95% CI 0.325-0.554),and 0.707(95% CI 0.539-0.927). Regions, gender, age, education level, occupation, and possession of Chinese medicine health culture literacy are factors influencing whether residents obtain Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet.

Effects of Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills () in Reducing Myocardial Injury and Preserving Microvascular Function in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Pilot Randomized Study / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of treatment with Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills (, QSYQ) on myocardial injury and myocardial microvascular function in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients undergoing elective PCI were randomly assigned to QSYQ and control groups. The QSYQ group received QSYQ at a dosage of 0.5 g 3 times daily (3-7 days before PCI and then daily for 1 month) and regular medication, which comprised of aspirin, clopidogrel, statin, β-blocker, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker in the absence of contradiction. The control group received only the regular medication. The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) was measured at maximal hyperemia after PCI. The fractional flow reserve was measured before and after the procedure. Troponin I levels were obtained at baseline and 20-24 h after the procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pre-PCI troponin I levels between the two groups were similar (0.028±0.05 vs. 0.022±0.04 ng/mL, P=0.55). However, post- PCI troponin I levels in the QSYQ group were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.11±0.02 vs. 0.16±0.09 ng/mL, P<0.01). IMR values were significantly lower in the QSYQ group as compared to the control group (16.5±6.1 vs. 31.2±16.0, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified QSYQ treatment as the only independent protective factor against IMR >32 (odds ratio=0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.74, P=0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study demonstrated the benefit of QSYQ in reducing myocardial injury and preserving microvascular function during elective PCI.</p>

Development status of traditional Chinese medicine today in Switzerland / 国际中医中药杂志

Global market shows gaint needs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) today. Switzerland is the pioneer and has a wide TCM market. The paper anaylses the local diseases, TCM therapies, the difficulties of MediQi TCM clinic and certificates of TCM clinics in Switzerland, in order to get a general image of TCM situation of Swtierzland today. It coucluds that TCM is well accepted in Switzerland and has marketing needs and the better way to push TCM service trade is to respect local economic regulation and cultural capability.

Common household traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

With the enhancement in the awareness of self-diagnosis among residents, it's very common for each family to prepare common medicines for unexpected needs. Meanwhile, with the popularization of the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, the proportion of common traditional Chinese medicines prepared at residents' families is increasingly higher than western medicines year by year. To make it clear, both pre-research and closed questionnaire research were adopted for residents in Chaoyang District, Beijing, excluding residents with a medical background. Based on the results of data, a analysis was made to define the role and influence on the quality of life of residents and give suggestions for relevant departments to improve the traditional Chinese medicine popularization and promote the traditional Chinese medicine market.

Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Leads to Downregulation of PPAR Transcription in Broiler Chickens and Reduction of Adipocyte Cellularity.

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as an important ligand for nuclear receptors in adipogenesis and fat deposition in mammals and avian species. This study aimed to determine whether similar effects are plausible on avian abdominal fat adipocyte size, as well as abdominal adipogenic transcriptional level. CLA was supplemented at different levels, namely, (i) basal diet without CLA (5% palm oil) (CON), (ii) basal diet with 2.5% CLA and 2.5% palm oil (LCLA), and (iii) basal diet with 5% CLA (HCLA).The content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was between 1.69- and 2.3-fold greater (P < 0.05) than that of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in the abdominal fat of the LCLA and HCLA group. The adipogenic capacity of the abdominal fat depot in LCLA and HCLA fed chicken is associated with a decreased proportion of adipose cells and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The transcriptional level of adipocyte protein (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was downregulated by 1.08- to 2.5-fold in CLA supplemented diets, respectively. It was speculated that feeding CLA to broiler chickens reduced adipocyte size and downregulated PPARγ and aP2 that control adipocyte cellularity. Elevation of CLA isomers into their adipose tissue provides a potential CLA-rich source for human consumption.

SCHWABE Company's patent portfolio of Ginkgo biloba preparation / 中国中药杂志

SCHWABE Company in German is the first and largest manufacturer of Ginkgo biloba preparation. The company not only has leading technology in this field, but also protects its own market effectively through the high quality of patent drafting and exactly patent layout. Based on multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation at application time, legal status, globally layout, Chinese layout, the article provides technical reference of research and development of G. biloba, also provides valuable experience of traditonal Chinese medicine patent portfolio layout for Chinese enterprises.

Preliminary study on main impacting factors on brand equity of listed traditional Chinese medicine companies / 中国中药杂志

The brand equity is valuable intangible assets of traditional Chinese medicine companies, who are excellent representatives of traditional Chinese medicine enterprises and the most promising ones to good international medicine brands. However, there is still no systematic study on how to correctly evaluate the brand equity of listed traditional Chinese medicine companies at present. To make it clear, the main impacting factors on brand equity of listed traditional Chinese medicine companies, both structured open outline pre-research and closed questionnaire research were adopted for the field survey, and some suggestions for how to protect and enhance the brand equity were also presented on the basis of survey and analysis, in the hope of improving the brand management level of listed traditional Chinese medicine companies, and making a beneficial exploration for the development of brand theory of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Identification of chemical constituents in qiliqiangxin capsule by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(E) / 药学学报

In order to clarify the chemical constituents in Qiliqiangxin capsule, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(E)) method was established. Forty peaks were identified on line using this method. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides, C21-steroids and phenolic acids were included in the main components of Qiliqiangxin capsule. The method is simple and rapid for elucidation of the constituents of Qiliqiangxin capsule and the results are useful for the quality control of Qiliqiangxin capsule.

Effect of Therapy Combination with Rehabilitation Approach and Acupuncture on Cerebral Trauma during Recovery Stage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of therapy combined with rehabilitation approach and acupuncture on cerebral trauma during the recovery stage. Methods 48 cases were divided into two proups: 24 cases in treatment group who applied the rehabilitation combined with acupuncture, the other 24 cases in control group who applied acupuncture alone. They were evaluated with Functional Independent Measure (FIM) 3 months after treatment. Results The scores of FIM were significantly difference between these two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The therapy combined with rehabilitation approach and acupuncture can improve the recovery of cerebral trauma.

Immobilization of lipase on macroporous resin and its application in synthesis of biodiesel in low aqueous media / 生物工程学报

Lipase from Candida sp. 99-125 was immobilized by physical adsorption onto macroporous resins. The results showed that the nonpolar resin NKA was the best carrier used in low aqueous media. 98.98% of degree of immobilization can be achieved when the adsorption procedure was performed in the presence of heptane. The hydrolytic activity and the apparent activity recovery of lipase adsorbed on resin in heptane was 4.07 and 3.43 times higher than that of lipase adsorbed in sodium phosphate buffer, respectively. The catalytic properties of immobilized lipase for production of biodiesel in low aqueous media were studied. Immobilized lipase displayed the highest activity when the crude enzyme/resin weight ratio was 1.92:1 and the water content(water/oil weight ratio) was 15% at 40 degrees C under pH 7.4. As lipase was adsorbed on NKA in heptane to produce biodiesel, the batch conversion rate can reach 97.3% when a three-step methanolysis protocol was used. After 19 consecutive batches, the conversion rate remained 70.2%.

An experiment study of protection and treatment of Kudan granule on rats of pulmonary fibrosis induced by pinyangmycin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the protection and treatment effects of Kudan granule on rats of pulmonary fibrosis induced by pinyangmycin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In asepsis condition, rat was anaesthetized by 3.5% chloral hydrate, inserted the needle above the bifurcation of trachea and injecting 5 mg x kg(-1) pinyangmycin normal saline solution.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>For model-group rats, after injecting pinyangmycin at 7, 14, 28, 56 days, there were mass inflammation cell infiltration at pulmonary alveoli and interstitial, the pulmonary alveolar wall and interstitial thickened obviously, and the pulmonary interval broadened distinctly. The structure of collagen fiber was destroyed, and the pulmonary alveoli disappeared. By Masson dyeing, there were hunk collagen fiber and the consolidation of lung had come into being. Compared with the model group, the rats of Kudan granule big-dose group, at 7, 14, 28, 56 days after injecting pinyangmycin, there were still much inflammation cell infiltration at pulmonary alveoli and interstitial, pulmonary interstitial edema and spotty necrosis, thickened alveolar wall, broadened pulmonary interval, and much collagen fiber in pulmonary interstitial, but there was not bunk the consolidation of lung. The curative effect of Kudan granule small-dose group was not better than that of Kudan granule big-dose group, because there were still bunk collagen fiber and the consolidation of lung in pulmonary interstitial. Although the destroyed area was more than 50%, it was better than that of the model-group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The big-dose Kudan granule show the better function of protection and treatment for pulmonary fibrosis of rats induced by pinyangmycin.</p>

Hematopoietic effect of siwu decoction in the mice with blood deficiency induced by compound method of bleeding, starved feeding and exhausting / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the hematopoietic effects of Siwu decoction in the mice with blood deficiency induced by compound method of bleeding, starved feeding and exhausting and lay experimental basis under the blood-enriching function of Siwu decoction in different models of blood deficiency.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The animal model of blood deficiency was established by a combination of starved feeding with routine food at the rate of 75 g(-1) kg(-1) body weight per day, swimming 20 minutes and removing 0.4 mL blood every other day in each mouse. The amount of peripheral blood cells, the cell cycle and the apoptosis of bone marrow cells and the percentage of CD34+ in bone marrow cells were detected by microcellcounter and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The amount of red blood cells in model mice was significantly increased by Siwu decoction at different dosages, from 4.6 x 10(12) to 6.5, 7.1 and 7.0 x 10(12) respectively. At the 15th day, the percentages of bone marrow cells at S stage in the treated group were 14.34%, 14.03% and 13.58% which were significantly higher than that in model group without treatment of Siwu Decoction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Siwu decoction significantly improve the hematopoiesis in the mice with blood deficiency induced by compound method mentioned above.</p>

Study on the repeated batch fermentation of lipase by immobilized Rhizopus / 生物工程学报

Repeated batch fermentation with Rhizopus arrhizus immobilized by polyurethane was optimized in details including the time to replace, the volume of the replaced medium and the optimal composition of the medium to replace. Immobilized cells showed stability for repeated use. Immobilized cells could be used for 9 batches, lasting 140h in flask and 6 batches in 5L fermenter when the substitute culture medium consisted of (%): soybean flour 3.0, earthnut oil 0.5 and the liquid was replaced by 40% . The time for fermentation was reduced largely and the lipase productivity was 3 - 6 times as high as that in batch fermentation.

Studies of enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel / 生物工程学报

Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, fatty acid alkyl ester, is made from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. Two processes for biodiesel synthesis, enzymatic lipase catalytic esterification from fatty acid and transesterification from oils and fats, was investigated. The effects of various lipases, enzyme amount and purity, solvent, water absorbent, inhibition of short chains alcohol, specificity of substrate, molar ratio of substrate on esterification were studied in detail. The esterification degree with the optimal parameter and process can reach up to 92%. The purity of biodiesel obtained by separation and purification is up to 98%, and the half-life of the immobilized lipase for the esterification process can be up to 360hr, Moreover, the preliminary studies of the transesterification including the amount of methanol and mode of adding methanol into reaction system were made. The transesterification degree with adding methanol stepwise can reach 83%.