ABSTRACT
Hypernatremia due to different pathophysiological mechanisms results in a rise in plasma osmolality. Dependent on its severity and on the speed of its development hyperosmolality can be life-threatening. This article describes 2 dogs and 1 cat with central nervous system disorders (adenoma of the pituitary gland, cerebral trauma). All patients developed normovolemic hypernatremia due to pituitary gland and hypothalamus dysfunction, respectively. Plasma sodium concentrations ranged from 163 to 185 mmol/l. Neurological examinations revealed lethargy, disturbances of consciousness, and ataxia, respectively. The dogs had to be euthanased due to the grave prognosis, the cat with cerebral trauma survived.
Le développement d'une hypenatrémie peut avoir plusieurs mécanismes patho-physiologiques. Dans ces cas, il se produit toujours une élévation de l'osmolarité du plasma. Selon l'importance de l'hypernatrémie et la vitesse de l'apparition, une hyperosmolarité peut mettre la vie en danger. Dans le présent article, on décrit des affections du système nerveux central chez deux chiens (adénome de l'hypophyse) et un chat (trauma crânien) ayant développé une hypernatrémie normovolémique suite à un dysfonctionnement de l'hypophyse ou de l'hypothalamus. Les concentrations plasmatiques de sodium étaient comprises entre 163 et 185 mmol/l. Les animaux présentaient de la léthargie, des troubles de la conscience et de l'ataxie. Vu le mauvais pronostic, les chiens ont dû être euthanasiés, le chat victime d'un traumatisme crânien a survécu.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/veterinary , Brain Injuries/veterinary , Cat Diseases/metabolism , Dog Diseases/metabolism , Hypernatremia/veterinary , Pituitary Neoplasms/veterinary , Adenoma/complications , Adenoma/metabolism , Animals , Brain Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/metabolism , Cat Diseases/etiology , Cats , Dog Diseases/etiology , Dogs , Euthanasia, Animal , Female , Hypernatremia/etiology , Hypernatremia/metabolism , Hypothalamus/physiopathology , Male , Osmolar Concentration , Pituitary Gland/physiopathology , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolism , PrognosisABSTRACT
Linoleic acid methyl ester (LME) was selected as a model to study the autoxidation of unsaturated compounds at the surfaces of inorganic excipients. From IR spectra of LME-silica adsorbates it was concluded that the interaction between LME and the silica surface is mainly due to hydrogen bonds, established between the ester carbonyl and the silica silanol groups. The autoxidation was continuously monitored by measuring the oxygen consumption of LME under UV light exposure and isobaric conditions, and, in parallel, by determining the carbonyl and peroxide values of LME. The oxidative degradation of LME is enhanced by porous and colloidal silicas as well as by colloidal aluminium oxide. From the oxygen consumption and the ratio of intermediates (carbonyls, peroxides) formed during the degradation of LME it was concluded that the prooxidative effect of the inorganic excipients can be attributed to an accelerated reaction of the peroxides of LME.