Research progress of powder modification of TCM based on particle design theory / 药学学报

Particle design, based on the concept of "quality by design", combines the elements of microbiology, formulation science, heat and mass transfer, solid state physics, powder science, and nanotechnology. It is widely used to develop particles with excellent functional properties. Without affecting the active ingredients, the modification technology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powder based on particle design theory, could improve the flowability, tabletability, disintegration and dissolution behavior, hygroscopicity, wettability, and other functional properties at the physical structure level. This greatly promotes the development of solid preparations of TCM. The present review aims to summarize and discuss the research progress of powder modification of TCM from the perspective of the theory of particle design, powder modification technology, equipment used for powder modification, application in TCM and modification mechanism mainly based on researches published in recent ten years. This review could provide ideas and theory basis for the development of particle design.

Research Advance on Reversing Multidrug Resistance of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Chinese Herbal Monomer--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Abstract　　Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant myeloproliferative tumor which is originating from hematopoietic stem cells. Chemotherapy is the preferred made of treatment for the disease. However, in recent years, more and more patients have multidrug resistance (MDR) during treatment, which is the main cause of failure treatment, therefore, the search for effective reversal agents has important clinical significance. Traditional Chinese medicine derived reversal agents have the characteristics of multiple targets, low toxicity and high efficiency, which can reverse the drug resistance through different mechanisms, and the research potential is unlimited. In recent years, it has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad, especially the research on physcion, emodin, curcumin, matrine, gambogic acid, oridonin, ligustrazine, solanine and other monomers, which has made great advance. In this reviwe, the recent research advance on the reversal of MDR in chronic myeloid leukemia by Chinese medicine monomer is summarized briefly.

Research on Chinese medicine pairs effects of Panax notoginseng and Bletilla striata before and after compatibility on contents of notoginsenosides / 中国中药杂志

To discuss the synergistic mechanism of compatible use of two medicinal herbs,Panax notoginseng and Bletilla striata, an HPLC was established to determine two ginseng saponins (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄ contained in single decoction of Panax notoginseng as well as in compound decoction of Panax notoginseng and Bletillastriata in different compatibility ratio (1∶0.5, 1∶1, 1∶2), followed by analyzing the impact of amount of notoginsenosides after compatibility. As a result, compared with the single decoction of Panax notoginseng, the contents of ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄ in the compound decoction of Panax notoginseng and Bletillastriata were on the rise as the increasement of the amount of Bletillastriata. The contents of the notoginsengsaponin R₁, ginseng saponin Rg₁ and ginseng saponin Rb₁ of Panax notoginseng single decoction were significantly decreased after compatibility. Therefore, after compatibility, it was more easy to produce (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄.This study can extend to a method of preparation of (20S)-ginseng saponin Rg₃ and ginseng saponin Rh₄. Furthermore, after compatibility, two ginseng saponins which had lipase inhibitory effect were both increased significantly, indicating that the compatibility of these two herb medicines may have effect on losing weight.

Effect of Yisui Shengxue Granule () on the oxidative damage of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin H disease / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Yisui Shengxue Granule (, YSSXG), a complex Chinese medicine, on the oxidative damage of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients with HbH disease and 22 healthy volunteers were observed. YSSXG was given to patients with HbH disease for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month treatment, blood parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and reticulocyte percent (Ret)] were examined; inclusion bodies in erythrocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); activities of antioxidant defense enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (Cat)] and erythrocyte membrane malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with HbH disease, measured values of RBC and Hb obtained from the first to the third months after treatment with YSSXG were significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.01). Measured values of Ret from the second to the third months after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Prior to treatment with YSSXG, TEM images of RBCs showed the presence of numerous inclusion bodies. After treatment with YSSXG, the amount and volume of inclusion bodies decreased. Treatment with YSSXG also led to a significant increase in SOD activity (P<0.01), a decrease in Cat activity (P<0.01), and no significant differences in GSHPx activity (P>0.05) or MDA concentration (P>0.05). However, compared with the healthy counterparts, SOD, GSH-Px, and Cat activities presented at high levels (P<0.01) both before and after treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>YSSXG could improve the degree of hemolysis and anemia in patients with HbH disease. The mechanism may be related to its antioxidative effects, which could elevate the activity of total SOD in erythrocytes and efficiently inhibit the oxidative precipitation of β-globin chains.</p>

[Effects of precondition of acupoint embedding thread on-enterokinesia and lactation in the postcesarean parturient].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the restoring time of enterokinesia and changes of lactation amount in the postcesarean parturient and to probe into effects of acupoint embedding thread. METHODS: Three hundred postcesarean parturients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group and the observation group were treated with routine obstetric treatment, with catgut embedding at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) added in the observation group. RESULTS: The observation group in the restoring time of enterokinesia, the time of first exsufflation from the anus, the time of secretion of foremilk, the time of milk meeting the need of the new-born and the breast-feeding rate of 42 days all were better than the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Catgut embedding at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) has a benign regulative action on enterokinesia and lactation in the postcesarean parturient.

Multi-central controlled study on three-part massage therapy for treatment of insomnia of deficiency of both the heart and spleen / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make multi-central clinical evaluation for three-part massage therapy for treatment of insomnia of deficiency of both the heart and spleen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-six cases were randomly divided into a test group (n = 84) and a control group (n = 82). Multi-central, randomized and controlled methods were adopted. The test group were treated by the three-part massage therapy, i. e. acupoints at the head, abdomen and back were massaged, once each day; and the control group by oral administration of Guipi Pills [symbol: see text], 8 pills each time, thrice daily. The treatment was given for 15 consecutive days and then the therapeutic effects were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-seven cases were cured, 11 markedly effective, 3 effective, and 3 ineffective in the test group, and the corresponding figures were 10, 21, 29 and 22 in the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.001). The test group was superior to the control group in improvement for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sleepless Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Sleepless Depression Scale (SDS) (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three-part massage therapy has definite therapeutic effect on insomnia of deficiency of both the heart and spleen with safety.</p>

Influence of ganciclovir and astragalus membranaceus on proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells of cord blood after cytomegalovirus infection in vitro / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was greatly common in the world. CMV infection produces usually mild or asymptomatic infections in individuals with normal immune responses, whereas it may cause serious disease in immunosuppressive patients. Clinical manifestations include suppression of myelopoiesis, a mononucleosis like syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. In patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation CMV remains the most common infectious causes of morbidity and mortality. But the treatment drugs with specific effect for CMV was fewer at the present. This study was to investigate the effect of CMV on proliferation of colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), CFU-erythroid (CFU-E), brust forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), CFU-multipotential (CFU-Mix) and CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) progenitor cells of cord blood (CB) with the presence of ganciclovir (GCV) and astragalus membranaceus in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty CB samples were collected from fetal umbilical vein of normal term spontaneous delivery neonates. The colony forming unit-assay was applied to observe the suppression effect of CMV-AD169 strain on CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk of CB with the presence of GCV and astragalus membranaceus in vitro. The technique of PCR was used to demonstrate the existence of CMV-AD169 DNA in the colony cells of cultured CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk colonies in CMV infection groups were significantly less than those in blank and mock group, respectively. The last time of colonies in groups with CMV infection was significantly shorten compared with the blank and mock group. (2) CMV-DNA was positively detected in the colony cells of CMV infection groups by PCR, while negative in the control groups. (3) The lasting time of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk colonies infected with CMV extended significantly with the presence of astragalus membranaceus and GCV, and the numbers of those increased significantly compared with the CMV infection group, respectively. The increasing rate of colonies was 27.2%, 45.2%, 49.1%, 39.0% and 11.9% with astragalus membranaceus group, 37.4%, 74.2%, 71.7%, 67.4% and 38.9% with GCV group, 53.6%, 83.8%, 88.7%, 87.8% and 61.5% with astragalus membranaceus and GCV group, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The differentiation and proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk were significantly inhibited after infected with CMV-AD169 strain. The suppression effect of CMV-AD169 on CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-Mix and CFU-Mk was inhibited with the presence of GCV and astragalus membranaceus in vitro. This suggested that CMV-AD169 may be inhibited or killed by GCV and Astragalus Membranaceus in vitro.</p>

Effects of yishenjiangyafang on blood pressure and protecting renal function in RPH rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects and mechanism of Yishenjiangyafang, a prescription of Chinese traditional herbs used for renal hypertension, on blood pressure and protecting renal function of RPH rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 5/6 kidney of rat was resected to set up the RPH rat model. Blood pressure, Cr(creatinine), Ccr(creatinine clearance) and BUN(urea nitrogen) were measured dynamically. After eight weeks treatment, plasma content of PAR A II TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 were measured. At same time, The change of renal pathology was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Yishenjiangyafang could reduce blood pressure Cr, but had no effect on BUN of RPH rat. The indexes of PAR, A II of each different dosage group of Yishenjiangyafang were decreased. At the same time, it reduced plasma content of TXB2, and increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Glomerulosclerosis and atrophy of renal tubule in Yishenjiangyafang group RPH rats were better than those of the contrast group and the Capten group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yishenjiangyafang can reduce blood pressure of RPH rats and has protective effects on its kidney. Yishenjiangyafang can perform its effects of reducing blood pressure and protecting kidney by influencing the RAS of RPH rats.</p>