ABSTRACT
To analyze naringin, naringenin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces after intragastric administration of alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis, healthy SD rats were fed with alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis for 3 days. On the last day, 0-24 h feces and 0-4 h, 4-8 h, 8-24 h urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The post-acquisition data were processed using Metabolynx The result is that naringin and its 6 metabolites, naringenin and its 4 metabolites were detected in the urine of rat. Meanwhile, naringin and its 3 metabolites, naringenin and its 2 metabolites were detected in the feces of rat.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Citrus , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacokinetics , Feces , Chemistry , Flavanones , Metabolism , Urine , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity has become one of the key reasons for which some drugs fail to enter market or are withdrawn from market. Thus early identification of new chemical entities that injure mitochondrial function grows to be very necessary to produce safer drugs and directly reduce attrition rate in later stages of drug development. In this study, support vector machine (SVM) method combined with genetic algorithm (GA) for feature selection and conjugate gradient method (CG) for parameter optimization (GA-CG-SVM), has been employed to develop prediction model of mitochondrial toxicity. We firstly collected 288 compounds, including 171 MT+ and 117 MT-, from different literature resources. Then these compounds were randomly separated into a training set (253 compounds) and a test set (35 compounds). The overall prediction accuracy for the training set by means of 5-fold cross-validation is 84.59%. Further, the SVM model was evaluated by using the independent test set. The overall prediction accuracy for the test set is 77.14%. These clearly indicate that the mitochondrial toxicity is predictable. Meanwhile impacts of the feature selection and SVM parameter optimization on the quality of SVM model were also examined and discussed. The results implicate the potential of the proposed GA-CG-SVM in facilitating the prediction of mitochondrial toxicity.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Artificial Intelligence , Mitochondria/drug effects , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Xenobiotics/toxicity , Computer Simulation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Humans , Models, Biological , Models, Chemical , Predictive Value of Tests , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Reproducibility of Results , Software , Xenobiotics/chemistry , Xenobiotics/classificationABSTRACT
Aurora-A has been identified as one of the most attractive targets for cancer therapy and a considerable number of Aurora-A inhibitors have been reported recently. In order to clarify the essential structure-activity relationship for the known Aurora-A inhibitors as well as identify new lead compounds against Aurora-A, 3D pharmacophore models were developed based on the known inhibitors. The best hypothesis, Hypo1, was used to screen molecular structural databases, including Specs and China Natural Products Database for potential lead compounds. The hit compounds were subsequently subjected to filtering by Lipinski's rules and docking study to refine the retrieved hits and as a result to reduce the rate of false positive. Finally, 39 compounds were purchased for further in vitro assay against several human tumour cell lines including A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and PC-3, in which Aurora-A is overexpressed. Two compounds show very low micromolar inhibition potency against some of these tumour cells. And they have been selected for further investigation.
Subject(s)
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Aurora Kinases , Cell Line, Tumor , Computational Biology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , HumansABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the content of phytoestrogen in dissimilarity herbs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The activity of phytoestrogen in heat-clearing drugs, drugs for relieving exterior syndrome, diuretic, anastaltics, tonics and astringents were detected based on the recombinant yeast cell (W303-1A/hER-ERE-Lac Z). The estrogenic activity in traditional Chinese materia medica were assayed quantitatively by determining the expression of beta-galactosidase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The phytoestrogen concentration (6.35 x 10(-3) nmol x g(-1) E2 equivalent) in heat-clearing drugs was the highest while that in anastaltic and tonic drugs was the lowest, which was less than the detected limit.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the other traditional Chinese materia medica, the content of phytoestrogen, which can bind to estrogen receptor, in giant knotweed rhizome, forsythia suspense, ash bark, baical skullcap root and ophiopogonis tuber were higher.</p>