Chemical constituents from the stems of Gymnema sylvestre.

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of stems of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. METHODS: Chromatographic techniques using silica gel, C18 reversed phase silica gel, and prep-HPLC were used. The structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR), as well as chemical methods. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as conduritol A (1), stigmasterol (2), lupeol (3), stigmasterol-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (4), the sodium salt of 22α-hydroxy-longispinogenin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-ß-D-glu-curono-pyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), oleanolic acid-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), and the sodium salt of 22α-hydroxy-longispinogenin 3-O-ß-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7). The inhibition activities of compounds 1, 5-7 on non-enzymatic glycation of protein in vitro were evaluated. CONCLUSION: Compound 7 is a new triterpenoid saponin. It was shown that compounds 1, 5-7 have weak inhibition activities for non-enzymatic glycation of protein in vitro.

Study on chemical constituents of Cyclocarya paliurus.

A new dammarane triterpenoid glycoside named cyclocarioside J (1) and other three known triterpenoid glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Based on ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR techniques including (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY correlations, the structure of cyclocarioside J was elucidated as (20S,24R)-epoxydammarane 3ß,12ß,25-trihydroxy-12-O-ß-d-quinovopyranosyl-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside.

A new triterpenoid saponin from Gymnema sylvestre.

Besides four known compounds, a new triterpenoid saponin was isolated from the stems of Gymnema sylvestre. The structure of the new triterpenoid saponin was established as 3ß,16ß,22α-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene 3-O-ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY correlations. Four known compounds 2, 3, 4, and 5 were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data.

Two new furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris.

Two new furostanol saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were established as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-3beta,26-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-12-one-3beta,26-diol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.

Two new furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.

Two new furostanol saponins, tribufurosides B (1) and C (2), were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. With the help of chemical and spectral analyses (IR, MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR), the structures of two new furostanol saponins were established as 26-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-2alpha,3beta,26-triol-3-O-beta-d-galactopyranosyl(1 --> 2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1 --> 2)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (1) and (25S)-5alpha-furost-20(22)-en-12-one-3beta, 26-diol-26-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2).

A novel steroidal glycoside, ophiofurospiside A from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl.

A new furospirostanol saponin, ophiofurospiside A (1), was isolated together with the known steroidal glycosides 2, 3, and 4 from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. Using chemical and spectral analyses (IR, MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR), the structure of 1 was established as 26-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(22S, 25R)-furospirost-5-ene-3beta, 17alpha, 26-triol-3-O-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-glucopyranoside (1). Three known steroidal saponins 2-4 were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data.

[Effects of the extracts from decoction for resuscitation and its component herbs on PGI2, TXA2 and NO release from rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of the extracts from Decoction for resuscitation (DRE) and its component herbs on prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. METHOD: After treatment with the extracts from DRE and its component herbs, the contents of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha(6-keto-PGF1alpha), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as nitrite (NO), which were degradation products of PGI2, TXA2 and NO respectively, in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia were measured with radioimmunoassay and Griess Reaction. RESULT: Compared with the control group, the results indicated that DRE, prepared licorice root extract (LE), dried ginger extract (GE), aconite root extract (AE), extracts of aconite root and prepared licorice root (ALE), extracts of aconite root and dried ginger (AGE) increased significantly the content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2, but had no effect on the content of TXB2 in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. The content of 6-keto-PGF1alpha in the DRE group was higher than that in the groups of LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE. Compared with the control group, DRE, LE, GE, AE, ALE, AGE increased significantly the content of NO2- in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. Moreover, the content of NO2- in the DRE group was higher than that of the groups of GE, AE, ALE. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that DRE increased significantly the content of PGI2 and the ratio of PGI2/TXA2 as well as the content of NO. The effect of DRE on the parameters in culture medium of rat vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia was better than that of the extracts from its component herbs.

[Studeis on the constituents of alkaloids and saponins of ginseng sini tang].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Ginseng Sini Tang. METHOD: The constituents were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULT: The 12 compounds were identified as ginsenoside-Rb1,-Rb2,-Rb3,-Rc,-Rd,-Re,-Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rf,Ra1,Ra2. The 10 compounds were identified as benzoylmesaconitine(BM), benzoylaconitine(BA), benzoylhypaconitine(BH), neoline (NL), fuziline (FL), 14-ethyl-talatisamine14-acetyl-talatisamine (AT), 14-benzoylhypaconine-8-linoleate (HAL),14-benzoyldeoxyaconine-8-oleate(HAO), 14-benzoylhypaconine-8-palmitate(HAP), talatisamine(TS). CONCLUSION: All these compounds were obtained from Ginseng Sini Tang for first times.