Electroacupuncture promotes gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy : a randomized controlled trial. / ç”µé’ˆä¿ƒè¿›è ¹è ”é•œèƒƒç™Œæ ¹æ²»æœ¯æ‚£è€ èƒƒè‚ åŠŸèƒ½æ¢å¤ï¼šéšæœºå¯¹ç §è¯•éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the clinical effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on promoting gastrointestinal function recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy were randomly divided into an EA group (40 cases, 1 case was eliminated), a placebo EA (PEA) group (40 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a conventional treatment group (40 cases, 1 case dropped out). The patients in the conventional treatment group received perioperative routine treatment. On the basis of routine treatment, patients in the EA group and the PEA group were given electroacupuncture or placebo electroacupuncture stimulation at 24,48 and 72 h after anesthesia recovery. Bilateral Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) were selected, and the electrodes of SDV-Z electroacupuncture instrument were connected to Zusanli (ST 36) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) on the same side respectively. Continuous wave was selected, the frequency was 5 Hz, and the needles were retained for 30 min each time. The postoperative gastrointestinal-2 ( GI-2 ) time, the incidence of grade A/B delayed gastric emptying were compared among the three groups, and the safety of acupuncture was evaluated. RESULTS: The GI-2 time of the EA group was significantly shorter than that of the PEA group and the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The incidence of grade A and grade B of delayed gastric emptying in the EA group was lower than that in the PEA group and the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). No acupuncture-related adverse reactions occurred. CONCLUSIONS: EA can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy, and the treatment plan is safe, which is worthy of promotion and application into the enhanced recovery surgery program.

Electroacupuncture at ST36 modulates the intestinal microecology and may help repair the intestinal barrier in the rat model of severe acute pancreatitis.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) onset and development are closely associated with intestinal barrier injury. Evidence from clinical practice and research has shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint can improve intestinal barrier function and abdominal symptoms in patients with SAP; however, the specific mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study aimed to observe the changes in the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in SAP rats and to explore the effect of EA at ST36 on intestinal barrier injury in SAP rats. 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with microbial diversity analysis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-targeted metabolomics, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and other techniques were used to explore the mechanism of EA at bilateral ST36 acupoints on SAP-related intestinal barrier injury. Our results showed that EA at ST36 could repair intestinal barrier injury by modulating intestinal microecology, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation, restoring intestinal function, and ultimately alleviating the prognosis of SAP. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms and treatment of intestinal barrier injury in patients with SAP from the perspectives of microbiota and SCFAs regulation.

Detection of the Adulteration of Dendrobium Huoshanense with Dendrobium Henanense by UV-Vis-Shortwave Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics.

BACKGROUND: Dendrobium huoshanense (DHS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with distinctive medicinal benefits and great economic worth; nevertheless, because of similar tastes and looks, it is simple to adulterate with less expensive substitutes (such as Dendrobium henanense [DHN]). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to develop a reliable tool to detect and quantify the adulteration of DHS with DHN by using UV-Vis-shortwave near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-SWNIR DRS) combined with chemometrics. METHODS: Adulterated samples prepared in varying concentrations (0-100%, w/w) were analyzed with UV-Vis-SWNIR DRS methods. Partial least-square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression techniques were used for the differentiation of adulterated DHN from pure DHS and the prediction of adulteration levels. RESULTS: The PLS-DA classification models successfully differentiated adulterated and nonadulterated DHS with an over 100% correct classification rate. UV-Vis-SWNIR DRS data were also successfully used to predict adulteration levels with a high coefficient of determination for calibration (0.9924) and prediction (0.9906) models and low error values for calibration (3.863%) and prediction (5.067%). CONCLUSION: UV-Vis-SWNIR DRS, as a fast and environmentally friendly tool, has great potential for both the identification and quantification of adulteration practices involving herbal medicines and foods. HIGHLIGHTS: UV-Vis-SWNIR DRS combined with chemometrics can be applied to identify and quantify the adulteration of herbal medicines and foods.

Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from fungi.

Sesquiterpenoids are comprised of three C5 units and derived from farnesyl diphosphate. In these C15 family of terpenoids, drimane-type sesquiterpenoids are unique as their chemical structure of decahydronaphthalene along with the methyl group decorations resemble the A/B rings of labdane derived diterpenoids and the eastern part of many meroterpenoids. In the past decades, based on their chemical structural features and diverse bioactivities, great efforts have been made to perform chemical and biological research on this family of natural products, leading to the characterization of a large of new compounds and a few biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we collected 164 new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from fungi between January 2004 and October 2021 and classified them into three major subfamilies, so as to highlight their diverse chemical structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways,.

Simultaneous Quantification of 11 Phenolic Compounds and Consistency Evaluation in Four Dendrobium Species Used as Ingredients of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Shihu.

The interchangeable use of different herbs to prepare the same formulation is a common practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, this practice would require the component herbs to share similar compositions, at least in terms of the bioactive agents, to ensure they can replace each other in drug preparation. In this study, we developed an effective and comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method for simultaneous analysis of 11 phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts of Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium nobile (D. nobile), Dendrobium chrysotoxum (D. chrysotoxum), and Dendrobium fimbriatum (D. fimbriatum), which have been identified as interchangeable ingredients for the same TCM preparation "Shihu" in the Chinese pharmacopeia (ChP). The consistency of the four Dendrobium species was evaluated on the basis of the presence of the 11 investigated compounds and the HPLC fingerprints of the methanol extracts of the plants. When gradient elution was performed with a solvent system of acetonitrile and water on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with monitoring at 220 nm, all 11 investigated compounds were isolated at the baseline. The established HPLC method showed excellent linearity (all analytical curves showed relative coefficients [R2] > 0.999), sensitivity, precision (relative standard deviation [RSD] < 2%), and accuracy (recovery, 90.65-99.17%). These findings confirmed that the method we constructed was reliable. Quantification analysis showed significant differences in the contents of the investigated polyphenols in the four Dendrobium species. Evaluations of consistency revealed that the similarities among the four species were 0.299-0.906 in assessments based on the 11 polyphenols and 0.685-0.968 in assessments based on HPLC fingerprints. Thus, the components of the four Dendrobium species may be significantly different, and more experiments are required to determine whether they can be used interchangeably in the same amounts for preparing the formulation according to ChP.

Simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids by a single marker combined with an HPLC fingerprint evaluation of Dendrobium huoshanense.

A phenylhexyl isothiocyanate (PITC) precolumn derivatization quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS) strategy for the simultaneous analysis of 20 free amino acids (FAA) in Dendrobium huoshanense is proposed. The method was validated by the linearity, limit of detection (LDO), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery, precision, and stability. The results showed that when applying the established method, the LOQ of the FFAs was lower than 1 ng/ml except threonine (1.32 ng) and cysteine (1.16 ng). The QAMS investigation revealed that, using any one of the 20 FAAs as the reference internal standard, no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the QAMS method for the quantification of FAAs in D. huoshanense by PITC precolumn derivatization [The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) by QAMS and ESM were all below 5%]. HPLC fingerprint investigation combined with similar analysis (the similarity values for S1-S25 were >0.875) and quality fluctuation analysis showed that the cultivation environment might have a great effect on the accumulation of FAAs in D. huoshanense. Overall, our study showed that we might increase the accuracy and scope of the simultaneous quantification of multicomponents using the QAMS technique by being derivatized with a strong UV absorbing group, and QAMS combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for the quality control of D. huoshanense and may provide analytical technical support for research on Maillard Reaction during the further processing of D. huoshanense.

Potato Tuber Necrosis Induced by Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Depends on Potato Cultivar Rather Than on Virus Strain.

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was identified as the causal agent of internal tuber necrosis in the potato cultivar Innovator in New Brunswick, Canada. Further pathological characterization of the isolate (designated as isolate CaM) was performed on six potato cultivars and one breeding clone. Upon mechanical inoculation, four cultivars (Innovator, Yukon Gold, Rochdale Gold-Dorée, and Shepody) showed needle-sized necrotic spots and increasing calico symptoms on new leaves, whereas the remaining cultivars only developed calico symptoms on new leaves. All tubers of CaM-infected Innovator and Shepody plants developed sporadic internal necrotic spots, as did ca. 23 and 8% tubers of CaM-infected Yukon Gold and Rochdale Gold-Dorée, respectively. Sequence analysis of the CP gene of CaM with AMV isolates from potato, all presumed belonging to the "non-necrotic" strain and retrieved from GenBank, indicated that CaM shared >97.1% sequence identity with all but four Egyptian isolates. At the complete genome level, phylogenetic analysis of all available sequences demonstrated that RNA 1 and RNA 3 can be grouped into three major clades each, whereas RNA 2 can be clustered into two clades. CaM and Ca175-1, an AMV isolate that was deemed non-necrotic in a previous study, had different phylogenetic clade patterns, indicating different RNA 1-RNA 2-RNA 3 haplotypes: IA-I-IB (CaM) versus Ca175-1 (IB-II-IA). Despite the difference in haplotype composition, CaM and Ca175-1 induced similar levels of internal necrosis in tubers of Innovator and its parent Shepody. The results suggest that the internal necrosis in AMV-infected tubers depends on potato cultivar rather than on AMV strain/haplotype, and CaM is just a "regular" isolate of AMV.

Variations of bacterial community during the decomposition of Microcystis under different temperatures and biomass.

BACKGROUND: The decomposition of Microcystis can dramatically change the physicochemical properties of freshwater ecosystems. Bacteria play an important role in decomposing organic matters and accelerating the cycling of materials within freshwater lakes. However, actions of the bacterial community are greatly influenced by temperature and the amount of organic matter available to decompose during a bloom. Therefore, it is vital to understand how different temperatures and biomass levels affect the bacterial community during the decomposition of Microcystis. RESULTS: Microcystis addition reduced the diversity of bacterial community. The composition of bacterial community differed markedly between samples with different biomass of Microcystis (no addition, low biomass addition: 0.17 g/L, and high biomass addition: 0.33 g/L). In contrast, temperature factor did not contribute much to the different bacterial community composition. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were the key measured environmental variables shaping the composition of bacterial community. CONCLUSIONS: Decomposition of Microcystis changed the physicochemical characteristics of the water and controlled the diversity and composition of the bacterial community. Microcystis biomass rather than temperature was the dominant factor affecting the diversity and composition of the bacterial community.

Rapid and visual detection of berberine hydrochloride based on a water-soluble pyrene derivative.

In this study, a rapid method for the detection of berberine hydrochloride (BRH) was developed based on a water-soluble pyrenyl probe, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS). This method features low cost, good selectivity, high sensitivity and a fast response. The sensing mechanism of this probe is attributed to the formation of a complex between HPTS and BRH induced by electrostatic interaction and π-π stacking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent sensor for BRH based on organic materials that has low cost and a visual response. The detection limit of this method was as low as 1.24 µM and the linear response range is 2-50 µM. This method also allowed rapid detection of BRH real samples.

The Cyclopeptide Astin C Specifically Inhibits the Innate Immune CDN Sensor STING.

cGAS-STING signaling is essential for innate immunity. Its misregulation promotes cancer or autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and it is imperative to identify effective lead compounds that specifically downregulate the pathway. We report here that astin C, a cyclopeptide isolated from the medicinal plant Aster tataricus, inhibits cGAS-STING signaling and the innate inflammatory responses triggered by cytosolic DNAs. Moreover, mice treated with astin C are more susceptible to HSV-1 infection. Consistently, astin C markedly attenuates the autoinflammatory responses in Trex1-/- BMDM cells and in Trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model. Mechanistically, astin C specifically blocks the recruitment of IRF3 onto the STING signalosome. Collectively, this study characterizes a STING-specific small-molecular inhibitor that may be applied for potentially manipulating the STING-mediated clinical diseases.

Naoxintong/PPARα Signaling Inhibits H9c2 Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy in Response to Oxidative Stress.

Naoxintong (NXT) is an empirical formula based on the principle of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) and is widely used for treatment of patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of NXT on H9c2 cells (cardiogenic cell line) in response to H2O2. MTT, Western blot, and flow cytometry (FCM) methods were used to identify the protective effect of NXT extract on H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. Here we found that NXT extract significantly increased H9c2 cell viability and reduced H2O2-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy. More importantly, NXT inhibited H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by increasing PPARα protein levels. In contrast, silenced PPARα terminated NXT protective effect on H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. These findings suggest that NXT/PPARα signaling suppressed H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and autophagy.

Seasonal development of cambial activity in relation to xylem formation in Chinese fir.

The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem which can differentiate into secondary phloem and xylem. The secondary growth of woody plants resulting from vascular cambium activity has been a focus of considerable attention, but the quantitative relationships between cambial activity and secondary xylem formation have been little studied. Our analysis of cytological changes in the cambium of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), revealed a significant positive correlation between vascular cambium cell numbers and cambium zone width through the seasonal cycle. Cambium cell numbers and the cambium cell radial diameter were closely related to xylem formation. Immuno-labeling showed that de-esterified homogalacturonan and (1-4)-ß-d-galactan epitopes were highly abundant in cell walls of dormant-stage cambium, whereas high methylesterified homogalacturonan was strongly labeled in the active stage. Raman spectroscopy detected significant changes in the chemical composition of cell walls during the active-dormant stage transition. More pectin and less monolignols occurred in radial cell walls than in tangential walls during the dormant stage, but no significant changes were found in other stages, indicating that pectin accumulation facilitates cell wall expansion, with cambium activity transition. Our quantitative analysis of the relationship between cambial activity and xylem formation, as well as the cell wall modification during the active stage provides useful information about cambial characteristics and xylogenesis.

Astershionones A-F, six new anti-HBV shionane-type triterpenes from Aster tataricus.

Six new shionane-type triterpenes, astershionones A-F (1-6), were obtained from the roots and rhizomes of Aster tataricus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, mainly NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and CD analysis. 3 showed inhibitory activity against HBsAg and HBeAg secretion with IC50 values of 23.0 and 23.1 µM, and cytotoxicity against HepG 2.2.15 cells with a CC50 value of 170.5 µM. 3 also exhibited inhibitory activity against HBV DNA replication with an IC50 value of 22.4 µM.

Use of evidence-based pharmacotherapy for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a Chinese medicine hospital versus a general hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in adherence to secondary prevention guidelines (pharmacological interventions) among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients between a Chinese medicine (CM) hospital and a general hospital in a Chinese city. METHODS: Medical records of 200 patients consecutively discharged from the CM hospital and the general hospital for CHD were reviewed to determine the proportions of eligible patients who received antiplatelet agents, ß-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and statins at discharge. The effects of patient characteristics and hospital type on the use of these medicines were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Patients discharged from the CM hospitals were older; more likely females; had greater history of hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular diseases and less smoker (P<0.01 or P<0.05). They were less likely to receive coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, and had a longer length of stay than those discharged from the general hospital (P<0.01 or P<0.05). There were no significant differences in antiplatelet agents (96% vs. 100%, P=0.121) or statins (97.9% vs. 100%, P=0.149) use between the CM hospital and the general hospital. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for patient characteristics and hospital type, there was no significant difference in use of ß-blockers between the CM hospital and the general hospital. In contrast, patients discharged from the CM hospital were less likely to receive ACE inhibitors/ARBs compared with those discharged from the general hospital (odds ratio: 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.105-0.854). CONCLUSION: In this study, the CM hospital provides the same quality of care in CHD for prescribing evidence-based medications at discharge compared with another general hospital except for ACE inhibitors/ARBs use.

[Change of peripheral blood appetite regulation factor of anorexia children and infect of child anorexia granule].

Study the infect of child anorexia granule on serum ghrelin and leptin of anorexia children and its clinical efficacy. Selected 81 cases of anorexia children aged 1-6 years old into treatment group (42 cases) and control group (39 cases), in addition, 30 case healthy children as healthy control group. The control group children were treated with domperidone suspension 0.3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), tid, orally 30 minutes before meals. Treatment group were treated with child anorexia granule, 1-3 years 1 package, bid; 4-6 years 1 package, tid; po, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. Study the change of serum ghrelin and leptin before and after therapy. The study demonstrates that before treatment, the serum ghrelin level of disease group was lower than healthy group (P < 0.01), and the serum leptin level was higher than healthy group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the serum ghrelin level both increase, and the serum leptin decline. And the change of treatment group was significantly different with control group (P < 0.01). And the clinical effective rate are 95.23% and 74.35% (P < 0.01). After 6 months of follow-up visit, the children weight significantly increase in treatment group (P < 0.01). Results indicate that child anorexia granule can facilitate secretion of ghrelin, and inhibit secretion of leptin, so as to work up an appetite. And the molecular mechanism is its infect on serum ghrelin, leptin.

Astataricusones A-D and astataricusol A, five new anti-HBV shionane-type triterpenes from Aster tataricus L. f.

Five new shionane-type triterpenes, astataricusones A-D (compounds 1-4) and astataricusol A (5), together with one known shionane-type triterpene 6 were obtained from the roots and rhizomes of Aster tataricus L. f. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, mainly NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 4 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and CD analysis. Compound 2 showed inhibitory activity on HBsAg secretion with an IC50 value of 23.5 µM, while 2 and 6 showed inhibitory activities on HBeAg secretion with IC50 values of 18.6 and 40.5 µM, and cytotoxicity on HepG 2.2.15 cells with CC50 values of 172.4 and 137.7 µM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 6 also exhibited inhibitory activities on HBV DNA replication with IC50 values of 2.7 and 30.7 µM, respectively.

[Effects of Chuankezhi injection on airway inflammation in mouse model of asthma and isolated guinea-pig airway smooth muscle].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of inhaled Chuankezhi injection (CKZ) on airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma and dilation of isolated guinea-pig airway smooth muscle in vitro, which can provide pharmacodynamic evidence for CKZ treating acute attack of asthma. METHOD: BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) on Days 1, 15, and then were inhaled with OVA aerosol on Days 22-28. The sensitized mice were administered with inhalation of aerosolized CKZ injection (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mL x kg(-1), bid), or intraperitoneal injection of CKZ (0.4 mL x kg(-1), bid), dexamethsone (0.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and saline (control) on Days 22-28. Airway inflammation was evaluated by counting cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and by lung histology. The influences of CKZ on the dilation of tracheal smooth muscle in guinea-pig and the contraction induced by carbamylcholine (CCH)/histamine in vitro were also observed. RESULT: In vivo, OVA-sensitized mice developed a significant airway inflammatory response that was significant inhibited by inhalation of CKZ (0.8 mL x kg(-1), bid), and intraperitoneal injection of CKZ (0.4 mL x kg(-1), bid) and dexamethasone (0.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). in vitro, CKZ did not dilate tracheal smooth muscles in guinea-pigs, and did not attenuate the contraction induced by carbamylcholine (CCH)/histamine. CONCLUSION: CKZ can modulate airway inflammation in asthma, but has no dilation effect on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea-pig in vitro. These results demonstrate that inhaled CKZ is not a preferred administration.

Genomic variability in potato virus M and the development of RT-PCR and RFLP procedures for the detection of this virus in seed potatoes.

Potato virus M (PVM, Carlavirus) is considered to be one of the most common potato viruses distributed worldwide. Sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of several Canadian PVM isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all known PVM isolates fell into two distinct groups and the isolates from Canada and the US clustered in the same group. The Canadian PVM isolates could be further divided into two sub-groups. Two molecular procedures, reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were developed in this study for the detection and identification of PVM in potato tubers. RT-PCR was highly specific and only amplified PVM RNA from potato samples. PVM RNAs were easily detected in composite samples of 400 to 800 potato leaves or 200 to 400 dormant tubers. Restriction analysis of PCR amplicons with MscI was a simple method for the confirmation of PCR tests. Thus, RT-PCR followed by RFLP analysis may be a useful approach for screening potato samples on a large scale for the presence of PVM.

[Resistant effect of water decoction of root of Crataegus cuneata on male infertility induced by GTW in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of water decoction of the root of Crataegus cuneata on infertility induced by multi-glucoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) in rats. METHOD: Male adult rats were randomly divided into five groups, which were treated via gastric gavage of distilled water (1 mL x kg(-1)) , solution of GTW (10 mg x kg(-1)) and three doses of water decoction of root of C. cuneata (1.8, 5.4, 18 g x kg(-1)) + GTW (10 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. 8 weeks later, GTW was stopped and the decoction and water continued for another 4 weeks. And then, all the male rats were copulated with adult female rats. The rates of pregnancy, average numbers of embryos and luteum of female rats, relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm counts, sperm motility and viability were compared among all the groups. The histology and ultrastructure of testis and epididymis were observed, while the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testostorone (T) in serum and T in testicular homogenate were detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULT: Compared with those in GTW model group, the embryo numbers, the relative weight of testis and epididymis and sperm counts and motility in C. cuneata groups were increased obviously (P < 0.05). After treatment, the morphological damages of seminiferous tubules and sperms were recovered, while concentrations of T in testicular homogenate were also significantly increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: C. cuneata could relieve the reproductive lesions induced by GTW, and hence improve the uberty of the male infertile model rats.