ABSTRACT
Anti-opium-smoking had been the key policy of successive central and local governments from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republican Period. Since the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government in January 1912, the Anti-opium-smoking campaign had culminated across the country. Under the support of the government, the "National Anti-Opium Association of China" and "Association of Chinese People Rejecting Opium" were established which made an important contribution to China's anti-opium-smoking campaign.Yunnan, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other local governments also combined with local specific circumstances to make anti-opium-smaking policy for punishing severely the opium cultivation, trade and opium smoking, thus, the overrun of opium began to be brought under an overall control.
Subject(s)
Opioid-Related Disorders/history , Opium/history , Smoking Prevention/history , China , Health Promotion/history , Health Promotion/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Opioid-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Public Policy/history , Smoking/history , Voluntary Health Agencies/historyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of Ligustrazine in treating myocardial ischemia, and reperfusion injury. METHODS: The activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the effects of Ligustrazine (LGT) on them were determined in 16 patients with cardiopulmonary bypass, who were, scheduled for elective cardiac surgery, were randomly divided into control group and LGT group. Ligustrazine was given by intravenous drip within 2-3 minute with a definite speed before occlusion and immediately after release respectively. Their venous blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of SOD, GSH-Px, LDH and MDA by biochemical methods before the occlusion of aorta, at 30 minutes of occlusion and at 30 minutes after release respectively. RESULTS: There were significantly and very significantly differences between the values of control group and LGT group. CONCLUSION: LGT could effectively protect the myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion injury.