ABSTRACT
Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain tissue microstructure was performed to predict or diagnose the pathophysiological mechanism underlying delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning and the treatment effect was analyzed. The changes in the diffusion parameters (average diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy) in adult patients after hyperbaric oxygen therapy of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning were not significant differences of the two lateral ventricles or anterior or posterior limb of the internal capsule. In the group exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the fractional anisotropy values of the white matter in the ventricles of the brain and anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule were higher than those recorded before therapy, while the average diffusion coefficient values were significantly lower. These finding provide important monitoring indicators for clinicians.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Internal Capsule/pathology , Lateral Ventricles/pathology , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain Diseases/therapy , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/diagnostic imaging , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/pathology , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Female , Humans , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Internal Capsule/diagnostic imaging , Lateral Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnostic imaging , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/pathology , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
Ligustilide from traditional Chinese medicine extract, angelica sinensis is one of the main active components, and has many pharmacological activities related to the effectiveness. This study sought to determine whether neuro-protection of ligustilide promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) via preventing ROS production. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced using operation for model SCI. Furthermore, Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint analysis of gait was used to assess the neuro-protection of ligustilide on SCI. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production levels were measured by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay kit. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein expressions were detected using Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blot analyses, respectively. Interestingly, treatment with ligustilide significantly increased BBB scale and reduced recovery of coordination in SCI rats. After SCI, the iROS, PGE(2), IL-1ß, TNF-α production levels and iNOS gene expression were significantly suppressed in SCI rats. These results suggest that the neuro-protection of ligustilide promotes functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury via preventing ROS production.
Subject(s)
4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Phytotherapy/methods , Recovery of Function/drug effects , Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology , 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology , Angelica sinensis , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been increasingly used to improve the outcome of advanced gastric cancer (GC) for decades, its precise efficacy has been difficult to evaluate yet. Abundant studies have investigated the predictive factors that represent the effect of NACT on advanced GC. In the present study, the intratumoral infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cells (DCs) response to NACT in advanced GC and their correlation with prognosis were evaluated. Infiltration of Tregs (marked by Foxp3) and DCs (marked by S-100) in 102 advanced GC specimens with or without NACT was measured using immunohistochemical method. Intratumoral infiltration of Foxp3 Tregs was significantly lower and DC density was significantly higher in NACT group than that in nNACT group (P=0.007, P=0.002, respectively). Infiltration of Foxp3 Tregs was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth (P<0.001). The DC density was significantly correlated with histopathologic type (P=0.035), invasion depth (P=0.002), TNM stage (P=0.018), and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of patient's OS between NACT and nNACT groups (P=0.452); however, patients treated with NACT had longer OS with lower infiltration of Foxp3 Tregs (P<0.001) and higher infiltration of DCs (P=0.010). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that infiltration of Foxp3 Tregs and DCs were independent prognostic factors (P=0.002, P=0.003, respectively). The results demonstrated that NACT could decrease intratumoral Foxp3 Tregs infiltration and increase DCs density, and that infiltration of Foxp3 Tregs and DCs may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers of human GC.