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1.
Nutrients ; 15(7)2023 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37049473

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of probiotic supplements on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was glycemic control, i.e., serum glucose and insulin levels. Secondary outcomes were maternal weight gain, neonatal birth weight, and lipid parameters. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was used. Cochrane's Q test of heterogeneity and I2 were used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: Of the 843 papers retrieved, 14 (n = 854 women) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. When compared with placebo, women receiving probiotic supplements had significantly lower mean fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL levels. Decreased neonatal birth weight was witnessed in supplements containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplements may improve glycemic control and lipid profile and reduce neonatal birth weight in women with GDM.


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Insulin Resistance , Insulins , Probiotics , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Birth Weight , Glycemic Control , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Triglycerides
2.
Am J Obstet Gynecol ; 225(6): 668.e1-668.e9, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34171389

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies that have compared the effectiveness of oral with intravenous iron supplements to treat postpartum anemia have shown mixed results. The superiority of one mode of treatment vs the other has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, despite guidelines and standards of care, treatment approaches vary across practices. A single 500 mg dose of iron sucrose, which is higher than what is usually administered, has not been evaluated to treat postpartum moderate to severe anemia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose alone with intravenous iron sucrose in combination with oral iron bisglycinate supplementation in treating moderate to severe postpartum anemia. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2015 and June 2020. Women with postpartum hemoglobin level of ≤9.5 g/dL were treated with 500 mg intravenous iron sucrose after an anemia workup, which ruled out other causes for anemia. In addition to receiving intravenous iron, women were randomly allocated to receive either 60 mg of oral iron bisglycinate for 45 days or no further iron supplementation. The primary outcome was hemoglobin level at 6 weeks after delivery. Secondary outcomes were iron storage parameters and quality of life. RESULTS: Of 158 patients who participated, 63 women receiving intravenous and oral iron, and 44 women receiving intravenous iron-only, completed the study and were included in the analysis. Baseline and obstetrical characteristics were similar between the study cohorts. Although statistically significant, postpartum hemoglobin levels were only 0.4 g/dL higher in the intravenous and oral iron than intravenous iron-only cohort (12.4 g/dL vs 12.0 g/dL, respectively; P=.03), with a respective increase from baseline of 4.2 g/dL vs 3.7 g/dL (P=.03). There was no difference in the rate of women with hemoglobin level of <12.0 or 11.0 g/dL. Iron storage and health quality were not different between the cohorts. Oral iron treatment was associated with 29% rate of adverse effects. Compliance and satisfaction from treatment protocol were high in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: Intravenous 500 mg iron sucrose treatment alone is sufficient to treat postpartum anemia without the necessity of adding oral iron treatment.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Ferrous Compounds/therapeutic use , Hematinics/therapeutic use , Prenatal Care , Puerperal Disorders/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adult , Female , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Hematinics/administration & dosage , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
3.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 6309, 2021 03 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33737646

ABSTRACT

We aimed to assess risk factors for anemia at delivery by conducting a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1527 women who delivered vaginally ≥ 36 gestational weeks. Anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) < 10.5 g/dL) was assessed at delivery. A complete blood count results during pregnancy as well as maternal and obstetrical characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was to determine the Hb cutoff between 24 and 30 gestational weeks that is predictive of anemia at delivery by using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Independent risk factors for anemia at delivery were assessed using stepwise multivariable logistic regression. Hb and infrequent iron supplement treatment were independent risk factors for anemia at delivery (OR 0.3 95%CI [0.2-0.4] and OR 2.4 95%CI [1.2-4.8], respectively; C statistics 83%). Hb 10.6 g/dL was an accurate cutoff to predict anemia at delivery (AUC 80% 95%CI 75-84%; sensitivity 75% and specificity 74%). Iron supplement was beneficial to prevent anemia regardless of Hb value. Altogether, Hb should be routinely tested between 24 and 30 gestational weeks to screen for anemia. A flow chart for anemia screening and treatment during pregnancy is proposed in the manuscript.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02434653.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Anemia/blood , Hemoglobins/genetics , Iron/metabolism , Adult , Anemia/genetics , Anemia/metabolism , Anemia/pathology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/genetics , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/metabolism , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/pathology , Area Under Curve , Blood Cell Count , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Hemoglobins/isolation & purification , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Pregnancy , Risk Factors
4.
Isr J Health Policy Res ; 9(1): 71, 2020 11 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33256830

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anemia is common during pregnancy and the puerperium. The association of ethnicity as well as other characteristics with anemia and compliance with healthcare recommendations has not been studied sufficiently and needs to be explored in order to implement a targeted health policy. We examined the association between ethnicity and the risk for prenatal and puerperium anemia and the compliance with healthcare recommendations. This effort aims to guide reforms in policies and practices that will assist in decreasing anemia prevalence in Israel. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1558 women who delivered vaginally at Emek Medical Center. Anemia was assessed before delivery by obtaining a complete blood count (CBC). After delivery, CBCs were taken in cases of postpartum hemorrhage, symptoms consistent with anemia, prenatal anemia or other clinical indications. The study population was divided according to their ethnicity (Jews and Arabs). The primary outcomes were anemia before delivery, anemia in the immediate postpartum and 6 weeks postpartum, and compliance with healthcare recommendations, which was defined as the rate of women who performed a routine CBC test 6-weeks-postpartum. RESULTS: The rates of anemia before delivery and in the puerperium period were similar between Jews and Arabs (before delivery: 88 (11%) versus 98 (14%); 6 weeks postpartum: 55 (21%) vs 68 (28%), respectively;p > 0.05). Iron supplementation was high in both groups during pregnancy (~ 90%) and lower during the postpartum for Jews compared to Arabs (72% vs 83%,respectively; P < .0001). Only one third of the patients performed a CBC 6-weeks-postpartum regardless of ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Overall compliance with health recommendation was high during pregnancy but low postpartum and was reflected in anemia persistence regardless of ethnicity. Because of the adverse long term impact of anemia on patient's health, new policies need to be developed to improve patient's compliance postpartum. A possible strategy is to combine the follow-up of the mother with the one of the newborn in the family health stations (Tipat Halav) and the community clinics similarly to the close follow-up during pregnancy. Additional methods may include active summoning for CBC test and assuring iron supplement consumption.


Subject(s)
Anemia/epidemiology , Health Policy , Iron Compounds/administration & dosage , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/epidemiology , Adult , Anemia/ethnology , Arabs/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Databases, Factual , Female , Humans , Israel , Jews/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/ethnology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/ethnology , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
5.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res ; 44(6): 1049-1056, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516643

ABSTRACT

AIM: Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) have been linked to placental dysfunction and associated morbidities. We aimed to compare the induction of labor with expectant management at term in those pregnancies for the prevention of neonatal and maternal morbidities. METHODS: Women with second trimester HCG ≥ 2 and/or AFP ≥ 2 multiples of the median, without additional maternal or fetal complications, from their 38th gestational week were offered the choice of labor induction or expectant management. The primary outcomes were maternal composite outcome (composed of cesarean deliveries, pre-eclampsia or placental abruption) and neonatal composite outcome (composed of antenatal or neonatal death, Apgar score at 5 min < 7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, need for phototherapy, respiratory abnormalities, birth trauma or neonatal infection). RESULTS: Of 305 women, 124 women chose to undergo labor induction, and 181 women chose expectant management. The composite maternal outcome in the expectant management group was twice the rate of the labor induction group, although it did not reach statistical significance (18 [10%] vs 6 [5%]; P = 0.1; relative risk [expectant/induced] 2.04; 95% confidence interval 0.8-5.0). Increased rate of phototherapy led to increased neonatal composite outcomes in the labor induction group compared with the expectant management group (34 [27%] vs 27 [15%], respectively = 0.007). CONCLUSION: In pregnancies with elevated AFP and/or HCG, early term labor induction initiated a trend towards improvement in maternal outcome but increased the rate of mild neonatal morbidity. The statistical insignificance of the large effect on the maternal outcome might reflect the lack of statistical power. Further research is needed to address this limitation.


Subject(s)
Abruptio Placentae/epidemiology , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Labor, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Second/blood , Watchful Waiting/statistics & numerical data , alpha-Fetoproteins/analysis , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Young Adult
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