ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of diets containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% S. platensis meal on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation, as well as the expression of two antioxidant enzyme genes (SOD and CAT) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). One hundred and eighty fish, with an average initial weight of 101 ± 8 g, were cultured for 10 weeks. At the end of experiment, lipid peroxidation significantly decreased in serum of fish fed with S. platensis and fish fed with 5, 7.5, and 10% microalgae showed a significantly lower value compared to control and 2.5%. Inclusion of 7.5 and 10% S. platensis in diet also decreased lipid peroxidation in liver. TAC significantly increased with increasing level of S. platensis. Expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes significantly increased in the fish liver after administration of microalgae and fish fed with 10% S. platensis in diet showed the highest level compared to the other treatments. The present study reveals that inclusion of 10% S. platensis in diet can decrease oxidative stress in rainbow trout. Therefore, S. platensis can be used as potential antioxidant for fish farming.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Oncorhynchus mykiss/metabolism , Spirulina , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Fish Proteins/genetics , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Oxidative StressABSTRACT
Dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis at different levels (0% control, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) was evaluated to find out the effects on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, humoral and skin innate immune responses and disease resistance in the great sturgeon (Huso huso). After 8 weeks of experimental trial, growth parameters, intestinal lactic acid bacteria count, protease and lipase activities were significantly high in 10% S. platensis fed group (P < 0.05). Similarly, in this group, respiratory burst activity of leucocytes and total protein of serum were also significantly high. Furthermore, supplementation of S. platensis at 5 or 10% exhibited higher serum IgM and lysozyme activity than the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). On the contrary, serum triglycerides and number of blood lymphocytes were lower in experimental groups than that of control group. Total proteins, lysozyme, protease and esterase, as well as in vitro bactericidal activity (against Streptococcus iniae, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactococcus garviea) were significantly high in skin mucus from fish fed 5% and 10% S. platensis, while, alkaline phosphatase was significantly high in fish fed 10% S. platensis (P < 0.05). Further, fish infected with Streptococcus iniae bacteria increased mortality, but it was alleviated by a diet supplemented with S. platensis. The present results demonstrate that this dietary supplementation with S. platensis (mainly at 10% level) could be useful for maintaining the overall health status of great sturgeon.
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases/immunology , Fishes , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Immunity, Humoral , Immunity, Mucosal , Spirulina/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Disease Resistance , Endangered Species , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Fishes/growth & development , Gram-Negative Bacteria/physiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/immunology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacteria/physiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/immunology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Intestines/enzymology , Random AllocationABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of diets containing 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of Spirulina platensis on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (n=180; 101±8 g) were randomly divided into fifteen 300 L fiberglass tanks in triplicates for a period of ten weeks. The RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, total protein and albumin levels increased significantly in the groups supplemented with S. platensis. Dietary inclusion of S. platensis had no significant effects on hematocrit, cholesterol, triglyceride and lactate of the blood. HDL-cholesterol was larger in rainbow trout fed 10% S. platensis in comparison with the other diets, whereas LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased with increasing of S. platensis inclusion. Cortisol and glucose significantly decreased with increasing of S. platensis inclusion. The present results demonstrate that inclusion of 10% S. platensis can be introduced as an immunostimulant in rainbow trout diets.