Research on Anti-aging Guided by Qiluo Doctrine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Along with increasing degree of population aging globally， senility， good health and long life have become the focus of the world. Guided by Qiluo doctrine， an essence， Qi and spirit theory is proposed as below， essence is the origin of life， Qi is the impetus of life and spirit is the embodiment of life. Based on holistic view of kidney deficiency involving the five internal organs and injuries of the five internal organs definitely affecting the kidney， a mechanism of aging is proposed as below， deficiency of kidney essence is the foundation of aging， deficiency of promordial Qi is the key of aging and physical and spiritual loss is the manifestation of aging. It provides a theoretical guidance for anti-aging study of rejuvenating the elderly and making the strong person stronger. By virtue of the experiences in kidney-tonifying medication accumulated for more than two thousand years， Bazi Bushen capsules has been developed， which has anti-aging efficacy， including tonifying kidney， replenishing essence， coordinating Yin and Yang， supplementing primordial Qi and nourishing body and spirit. Experimental researches have demonstrated that Bazi Bushen capsules can improve overall aging and systemic aging， as well as prevent and treat aging related diseases. Preliminary clinical studies demonstrate that this capsules can enhance athletic ability and improve sexual function， and is expected to become a representative Chinese patent medicine of anti-aging. This paper addresses aging and anti-aging on the basis of Qiluo doctrine， in the hope of helping prevention and treatment of aging related diseases.

Research on Guidance of Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Diseases by Yingwei Theory of Vessel-collateral Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The blood-vein theory is inherited and developed. Combined with the related theory features of Qi and blood of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the progress results in two national 973 plan projects undertaken are learned from, the vessel-collateral theory guiding the prevention and treatment of vascular lesions is systematically built, the academic development of TCM collateral disease discipline is pushed from "treatment of symptoms of collateral disease" to study on "vessel-collateral theory", a new stage in the history. The pathogenesis, basic pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and syndrome differentiation therapy of vessel-collateral lesions are systematically studied, Yingwei theory, the core content of vessel-collateral theory, is proposed, the syndrome differential diagnosis standard of "vessel-collateral-vascular system disease" is established, and the blood-vessel theory of TCM is improved. The development of Yingwei theory of vessel-collateral theory is deepened. The theory of Yingwei sympathia and Yingwei's "opening by collaterals, intersecting and generating" are proposed to guide the study on prevention and control of vascular lesions. With tertiary collaterals-microvessel as a breakthrough point of research, four types of microscopic pathological features of microvessels are proposed. It is confirmed that dredging collaterals and protecting tertiary collaterals-microvessel is the common key mechanism for the treatment of major diseases of heart, brain and kidney(sugar). It protects microvessels, improves blood flow perfusion, protects tissue cells, and improves the viscera function. Dredging collaterals and protecting microvascular endothelial cells is the core mechanism of treating tertiary collaterals-microvessel lesions. It is proposed that protection of microvascular endothelial cells is a new strategy to solve the problem of microvascular lesions. After more than ten years, four studies of evidence-based medicine have been completed to solve the clinical problem of acute myocardial infarction without reflow. New drugs are provided to the international medical problem of cardiac insufficiency with premature ventricular contraction. The gap of fast and slow treatment, integration and rhythm adjustment of sinus bradycardia with premature ventricular contraction is filled. The clinical treatment effect of chronic heart failure is significantly improved, a major breakthrough in the treatment of microvascular lesions by TCM is achieved, and it is fully recognized and highly evaluated by the medical profession at home and abroad. It promotes the specialized subject platform construction and society development under the guidance of Yingwei theory of vessel-collateral theory, as well as the clinical application of syndrome differentiation diagnosis and treatment method and drugs of vessel-collateral lesions, and has significant social and economic benefits.

Folic Acid in Stroke Prevention in Countries without Mandatory Folic Acid Food Fortification: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials / 대한뇌졸중학회지

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Additional folic acid (FA) treatment appears to have a neutral effect on reducing vascular risk in countries that mandate FA fortification of food (e.g., USA and Canada). However, it is uncertain whether FA therapy reduces stroke risk in countries without FA food fortification. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of FA therapy on stroke prevention in countries without FA food fortification. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov from January 1966 to August 2016 were searched to identify relevant studies. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of the association between FA supplementation and risk of stroke, after pooling data across trials in a random-effects model. RESULTS: The search identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving treatment with FA that had enrolled 65,812 participants, all of which stroke was reported as an outcome measure. After all 13 RCTs were pooled, FA therapy versus control was associated with a lower risk of any future stroke (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.95). FA alone or combination of FA and minimal cyanocobalamin (≤0.05 mg/day) was associated with a lower risk of future stroke (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86) whereas combination of FA and cyanocobalamin (≥0.4 mg/day) was not associated with a lower risk of future stroke (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05). CONCLUSIONS: FA supplement reduced stroke in countries without mandatory FA food fortification. The benefit was found mostly in patients receiving FA alone or combination of FA and minimal cyanocobalamin.

Effect of Tongxinluo on Apoptosis of Rat Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of Tongxinluo (TXL) on apoptosis of rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMECs) resulting from homocysteine (Hcy) induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and to determine the signaling pathway behind its protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary cultured RCMECs were isolated from neonatal rats using tissue explant method. The morphology of RCMECs was observed using inverted microscope, identified and differentiated by CD31 immunofluorescence method. Selected were well growing 2nd-4th generations of RCMECs. The optimal action time was determined by detecting the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) using immunofluorescence method. In the next experiment RCMECs were divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the Hcy induced group (Hcy 10 mmol/L, 10 h), the Hcy + TXL group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + TXL 400 µg/mL), the Hcy +LY294002 group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + LY294002 5 µmol/L, LY294002 as the inhibitor of PI3K), the Hcy + LY294002 + TXL group (Hcy 10 mmol/L + LY294002 5 µmol/L + TXL 400 µg/mL). The apoptosis rate of RCMECs was detected by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, C/ EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-12 (caspase12) were detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. Expression levels of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P-PI3K), total phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (T- P13K) , phosphorylation of kinase B (P-Akt) , and total kinase B (T-Akt) were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten hours Hcy action time was determined. Compared with the blank control group, the apoptosis rate was increased (22.77%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were increased, protein expressions of P-PI3K and P-Akt,ratios of P-PI3K/T-PI3K and P-Akt/T-Akt were decreased in the Hcy induced group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Hcy induced group, the apoptosis rate was decreased (10.17%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were decreased, and expression levels of P-PI3K, P-Akt, P-PI3K/T-PI3K, and P-Akt/T-Akt were increased in the Hcy + TXL group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Hcy + TXL group, the apoptosis rate was increased (17.9%), mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 were increased, expression levels of P-PI3K and P-Akt, ratios of P-PI3K/T-PI3K and P-Akt/T-Akt were decreased in the Hcy + TXL + LY294002 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TXL could inhibit the apoptosis of RCMECs resulting from Hcy-induced ERS and its mechanism might be associated with activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.</p>

Natural herbal medicine Lianhuaqingwen capsule anti-influenza A (H1N1) trial: a randomized, double blind, positive controlled clinical trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is associated with the high risk of severe complications and is spreading more rapidly throughout the world than other reported seasonal influenzas. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the nature herbal medicine Lianhuaqingwen capsule (LHC) in patients infected with influenza A (H1N1) virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 244 patients aged 16 - 65 years confirmed with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by the real time RT-PCR were randomized to one of two treatment groups of 122 patients each. Each group assigned to receive either LHC or Oseltamivir for five days and observation for seven days. The patients were enrolled within 36 hours of illness onset if they had an axillary temperature of ≥ 37.4°C and with at least one of the following symptoms: nasal obstruction, runny nose, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, myalgia, chills and sweating. The primary end point was the duration of illness.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 244 patients, 240 (98.36%) patients with a median age 21 years completed the study between October 24, 2009 and November 23, 2009. There were no significant overall differences between LHC treated and Oseltamivir treated patients in the median duration of illness (LHC 69 hours vs. Oseltamivir 85 hours P > 0.05) or the median duration of viral shedding (LHC 103 hours vs. Oseltamivir 96 hours, P > 0.05). However, it was worthwhile to note that LHC significantly reduced the severity of illness and the duration of symptoms including fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue (P < 0.05). Both study medications were well tolerated. No drug related serious adverse events occurred during the study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with Oseltamivir, LHC achieved a similar therapeutic effectiveness reduction of the duration of illness and duration of viral shedding. Therefore, LHC might be an alternative therapeutic measure for influenza A (H1N1) virus infections.</p>

No-reflow protection and long-term efficacy for acute myocardial infarction with Tongxinluo: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial (ENLEAT Trial) / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>No-reflow after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is related to the severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine, on no-reflow and the infarction area after emergency PCI for STEMI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 219 patients (female 31, 14%) undergoing emergency PCI for STEMI from nine clinical centers were consecutively enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial from January 2007 to May 2009. All patients were randomly divided into Tongxinluo group (n = 108) and control group (n = 111), given Tongxinluo or placebo in loading dose 2.08 g respectively before emergency PCI with aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg together, then 1.04 g three times daily for six months after PCI. The ST segment elevation was recorded by electrocardiogram at hospitalization and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after coronary balloon dilation to evaluate the myocardial no-flow; myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments were evaluated on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI with static single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine the infarct area.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical significance in sex, age, past history, chest pain, onset-to-reperfusion time, Killip classification, TIMI flow grade just before and after PCI, either in the medication treatment during the follow up such as statin, β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) between two groups. There was significant ST segment restoration in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group at 6 hours ((-0.22 ± 0.18) mV vs. (-0.18 ± 0.16) mV, P = 0.0394), 12 hours ((-0.24 ± 0.18) mV vs. (-0.18 ± 0.15) mV, P = 0.0158) and 24 hours ((-0.27 ± 0.16) mV vs. (-0.20 ± 0.16) mV, P = 0.0021) reperfusion; and the incidence of myocardial no-reflow was also reduced significantly at 24-hour reperfusion (34.3% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.0031). The myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments evaluated by static SPECT was improved significantly on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group (0.61 ± 0.40 vs. 0.76 ± 0.42, P = 0.0109 and 0.51 ± 0.42 vs. 0.66 ± 0.43, P = 0.0115, respectively). There was no significant difference in severe adverse events between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tongxinluo as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine could reduce myocardial no-reflow and infarction area significantly after emergency PCI for STEMI with conventional medicine therapy.</p>

Comfortable lifestyle-induced imbalance of neuro-endocrine-immunity network: a possible mechanism of vascular endothelial dysfunction / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the changes of vascular endothelial functions and general neuro-endocrine-immunity (NEI) network under the state of qi-deficiency syndrome induced by excessive idleness and to approach their internal relevance and illuminate initially the pathophysiological mechanism of vascular lesion induced by excessive idleness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group and the qi-deficiency syndrome model group, 50 rats in each group. The qi-deficiency syndrome model was established by feeding the animals with hyper-alimentation diet in combination with restricting movement for 10 weeks. Changes of common chemical signal molecules related to NEI and vascular endothelial functions were measured by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, their internal relevance was analyzed by the method of canonical correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vascular endothelial structure and function were obviously injured in the model group. Compared with the control group, the chemical signal molecules, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), angiotensin II (Ang II), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in peripheral blood of the model group (n=43) were changed significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis showed that vascular endothelial dysfunction was correlated to the changes of these signal molecules in the NEI network.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comfort-based lifestyle induced not only vascular endothelial dysfunction but also an imbalance of the NEI network. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalanced NEI network interacted with each other, and an imbalance of the NEI network may be the pathophysiologic basis for the genesis and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction, even diseases of the blood vessel.</p>

Electrophysiological effects of Chinese medicine Shen song Yang xin (SSYX) on Chinese miniature swine heart and isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Shen song Yang xin (SSYX) is a compound of Chinese medicine with the effect of increasing heart rate (HR). This study aimed to evaluate its electrophysiological properties at heart and cellular levels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Chinese miniature swines were randomly assigned to two groups, administered with SSYX or placebo for 4 weeks (n = 8 per group). Cardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) was performed before and after drug administration. The guinea pig ventricular myocytes were enzymatically isolated and whole cell voltage-clamp technique was used to evaluate the effect of SSYX on cardiac action potential (AP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SSYX treatment accelerated the HR from (141.8 +/- 36.0) beats per minute to (163.0 +/- 38.0) beats per minute (P = 0.013) without changing the other parameters in surface electrocardiogram. After blockage of the autonomic nervous system with metoprolol and atropin, SSYX had no effect on intrinsic HR (IHR), but decreased corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and sinus atrium conducting time (SACT). Intra cardiac EPS showed that SSYX significantly decreased the A-H and A-V intervals as well as shortened the atrial (A), atrioventricular node (AVN) and ventricular (V) effective refractory period (ERP). In isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes, the most obvious effect of SSYX on action potential was a shortening of the action potential duration (APD) without change in shape of action potential. The shortening rates of APD(30), APD(50) and APD(90) were 19.5%, 17.8% and 15.3%, respectively. The resting potential (Em) and the interval between the end of APD(30) and APD(90) did not significantly change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study demonstrates that SSYX increases the HR and enhances the conducting capacity of the heart in the condition of the intact autonomic nervous system. SSYX homogenously decreases the ERP of the heart and shortens the APD of the myocytes, suggesting its antiarrhythmic effect without proarrhythmia.</p>

Pretreatment with Tongxinluo protects porcine myocardium from ischaemia/reperfusion injury through a nitric oxide related mechanism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The traditional Chinese medicine Tongxinluo can protect myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its action is not well documented. We examined the involvement of nitric oxide in the protective role of Tongxinluo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Miniswine were randomized to four groups of seven: sham, control, Tongxinluo and Tongxinluo coadministration with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 mg/kg i.v.). Three hours after administration of Tongxinluo, the animals were anaesthetised and the left anterior descending coronary artery ligated and maintained in situ for 90 minutes followed by 3 hours of reperfusion before death. Area of no reflow and necrosis and risk region were determined pathologically by planimetry. The degree of neutrophil accumulation in myocardium was obtained by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and histological analysis. Myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and vascular endothelial cadherin content were measured by colorimetric method and immunoblotting analysis respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tongxinluo significantly increased the local blood flow and limited the infarct and size of no reflow. Tongxinluo also attenuated myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil accumulation in histological sections and maintained the level of vascular endothelial cadherin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in the reflow region when compared with control group. The protection of Tongxinluo was counteracted by coadministration with L-NNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tongxinluo may limit myocardial ischaemia and protect the heart against reperfusion injury. Tongxinluo regulates synthesis of nitric oxide by altering activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.</p>

Effect of serum from overfatigue rats on JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the intervening effect of Tongxinluo superfine powder / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To cultivate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the serum of overfatigue rats with the intervention of Tongxinluo superfine powder (TXLSP). By examining the variation of the activity of JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway, the possible mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction under overfatigue conditions and the intervening effect of TXLSP were explored.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HUVECs were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the SP600125 (a specific antagonist of JNK) group, the TXLSP group and the TXLSP + SP600125 group. The content of carboyhemoglobin (COHb) and the leak rate of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in different groups were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of JNK, c-Jun, HO-1 and the phosphorylation level of c-Jun (P-c-Jun) were detected using Western blot and PCR methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the COHb level in supernatant was increased significantly in the model group, and the expression of HO-1, JNK, c-Jun mRNA and corresponding proteins and P-c-Jun were also increased remarkably. The increases in these parameters were significantly decreased by SP600125. TXLSP showed remarkable up-regulation on the expression of JNK, c-Jun, P-c-Jun and HO-1 mRNA and their protein expression. Compared with the SP600125 group, the expressions of JNK, c-Jun, P-c-Jun and HO-1 mRNA and its protein in the TXLSP+SP600125 group were significantly increased at different time points (P<0.05, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The vascular endothelial dysfunction under overfatigue conditions is related to the activity of the JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway. One of the mechanisms of TXLSP in improving the vascular endothelial function is to adjust the activity of the JNK/c-Jun/HO-1 pathway at gene and protein levels.</p>

The endothelium injuries caused by homocysteine and treatmental effects of Tongxinluo powder / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the effect of homocysteine (HCY) on the function of endothelium cell, and to discuss the possible mechanisms that Tongxinluo super powder affected.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into randomly the control group, the model group, the Tongxinluo group. The effect of Ach on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro was examined, the microcirculation was observed by microcirculation meter, the activity of SOD and GSH-PX and content of NO, MDA, ET, Ang II, TXA2, PGI2 was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, the effect of Ach on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro weakened markablely (P < 0.01), the format and percentage that capillary dilated declined significantly (P < 0.05), after treatment with Tongxinluo powder, the effect of Ach on isolated rat thoracic aorta in vitro was improved obviously (p < 0.01), and the format and percentage that capillary dilated were increased compared with model group; comparing with the control group, the level of Ang II and ET, TXA2 in plasm increased obviously (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the content of PGI2 depressed manifestly (P < 0.05), at the same time, both content of NO and activity of SOD, (GSH-PX declined obviously (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). After treatment with Tongxinluo powder, the level of ET, AngII and TXA2 reduced significantly in different degree (P < 0.01), while the content of PGI2 appeared stepping up notably (P < 0.01), and both activity of SOD and NO level increased obviously (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) The high homocystein might cause the contracted and dilated function decreased, it might get involved in endothelium disfunction as a result of the massive free radicals production and diastolic-contract factors balance disorder induced by high homocystein. (2) Tongxinluo powder could improve the function of endothelium-dependment dilation induced by high homocystein, that associated with inhibitting the excessive production of free radicals, and improved function of endothelium.</p>

Protective effect of Tongxinluo Ultramicro-pulverization on experimental myocardial infarction of rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Tongxinluo ultramicro-pulverization (TXLU) on experimental myocardial infarction and platelet aggregation of rats, investigate its mechanisms on ischemia heart disease and offer a reference to clinical usage.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were separated randomly into 7 groups: sham, model, diltiazem (0.15 mg x kg(-1)), TXL(1.2 g x kg(-1)), TXLU (1.2, 0.6, 0.3 g x kg(-1)). The experimental myocardial infarction was induced with ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary of rats. The infarction size was determined after myocardium tissue was stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). And the serum of rats was separated to analyze CK, LDH, SOD, MDA. Another 60 rats were separated randomly into 6 groups: control, aspirin (0.15 mg x kg(-1)), TXL (1.2 g x kg(-1)), TXLU (1.2 ,0.6,0.3 g x kg(-1)). The rat platelet aggregation was induced with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen to observe the inhibitory effects of TXLU.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TXLU could relieve the myocardial infarction size and weight stained with TTC significantly, the myocardial infarction size of the three groups of TXLU were (2.7 +/- 2.1)%, (3.4 +/- 1.2)%, (2.8 +/- 1.8)%, compared with model group (8.9 +/- 5.9)%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01. The myocardial infarction weight of the three groups of TXLU were (8.4 +/- 3.5)%, (8.7 +/- 4.1)%, (9.7 +/- 4.1)%, compared with model group (l2.2 +/- 3.6)% P < 0.05 or P < 0. 01. And the content of MDA and the activities of CK and LDH in rats subjected with ligation of coronary artery were inhibited obviously too, compared with model group P < 0.05 or P < 0.01, then the activity of SOD increased. TXLU could inhibit the maximum percentage of rats platelet aggregation induced with ADP and collagen, the maximum percentage of platelet aggregation induced with ADP were (26.9 +/- 9.2)%, (24.4 +/- 13.4)%, (30.6 +/- 12.2)%, compared with control group (44.3 +/- 15. 7)% P < 0.05 or P < 0.01; The maximum percentage of platelet aggregation induced with collagen were (33.8 +/- 6.9)%, (32.1 +/- 8.3)%, (41.5 +/- 7.8)%, compared with control group (49.2 +/- 15.9)%, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The experiment results indicated that TXLU could protect myocardial tissue of rats from ischemic injury and the mechanism may be related with antioxidation and inhibiting platelet aggregation, and the results also suggested TXLU could lower clinical dosage.</p>

Effect of tongshenluo capsule on the components of extracellular matrix and their metabolism in kidney of rats with diabetic nephropathy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Tongshenluo Capsule (TSL) on the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and their metabolism in kidney of rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to explore its mechanism of kidney protecting.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DN model rats established by one side nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 5 groups, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Valsartan group, the Gliquidon group, and the TSL group, 10 in each group. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 24-h urinary micro-content of albumin (24 h mAlb) were determined dynamically; the serum glycosyl hemoglobin (HbA1c)was determined after the last medication; the ultrastructural changes of kidney were observed by transmission electron microscope; the expressions of collagen IV (IV-C), fibronctin (FN), laminin(LN), and the ECM metabolism influencing factors, including MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2), transfer growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistological chemistry and image collecting analytical system. Results TSL could decrease the levels of FBG, HbA1c, 24 h mAlb (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), ameliorate the thickness of glomerular basement membrane (GBM), decrease the components of ECM, down-regulate TGF-beta1 and TIMP-2 expression, and up-regulate MMP-2 expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSL plays a role of kidney protection by decreasing the ECM components expression and regulate ECM metabolism.</p>

The effects of Tongxinluo Supermicro Powder on nuclear factor-kappaB, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in aorta of rabbits fed with high-lipid diet / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tongxinluo Supermicro Powder on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inter-cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in aorta of rabbits fed with high-lipid diet.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): control group, model group, atorvastatin group (3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) per gavage), and Tongxinluo group (0.31 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) per gavage). At the end of 6 weeks, the expression of NF-kappaB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were observed by immunochemistry methods, Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in aortic endothelial cells and the gene expressions of NF-kappaB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at protein and mRNA levels of the model group was significantly increased compared that in the control group (all P < 0.05), these effects could be significantly attenuated by atorvastatin and Tongxinluo Supermicro Powder (P < 0.01 vs. model group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Similar as atorvastatin, Tongxinluo Supermicro Powder could relieve the process of atherosclerosis by decreasing the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and reducing the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in this model.</p>

Effect of Tongxinluo superfine on experimental anginal model (contraction of collaterals) in rat with endothelial dysfunction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Tongxinluo superfine (TXL) on experimental anginal model induced by Arginine Vasopressin in rats with endothelial dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>First, the endothelial dysfunction rat model was made by methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The thoracic aorta were excised, and acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium dependent relaxation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced endothelium-independent relaxation were measured. Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations were measured with automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) level. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) contents were assayed by method of nitrate reductase. Then, the rat model of collaterals contraction (model group) was established by AVP intravenous injection in rats with endothelial dysfunction and the S wave change (DeltaS) and T wave depression in Lead II ECG were used as the index of angina severity. The nitric oxide (NO) contents in serum and the expression of myocardium eNOS mRNA were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ach (0. 1-1000 nmol L(-1))-induced endothelium dependent relaxation (EDR) of aortic rings was significantly decreased in HHcy group. The endothelium-independent relaxation induced by SNP (0.001-10 micromol L(-1)) was not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma homocysteine concentrations and vWF levels in rats treated with methionine were higher than those of control group, while NO contents were significantly decreased in HHcy group compared with control. The results showed that L-methionine intake induced hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Impaired EDR, increased vWF and decreased NO suggested the exist of endothelial dysfunction. DeltaS of model group increased from 1 min to 5 min and T wave of model group depressed at 2 min compared with that of control after the administration of vasopressin (0.5 U kg(-1)). The intragastric administration of TXL inhibited vasopressin-induced S wave change at 4 min and 5 min and T wave depression from 30 s to 3 min after AVP injection. The NO contents in serum and the expression of myocardium eNOS mRNA of TXL group were increased compared with model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Experimental angina induced by AVP injection is more severe in rats with endothelial dysfunction. Tongxinluo Superfine can protect against collaterals contraction in rats maybe by increasing the NO contents in serum and the expression of myocardium eNOS mRNA.</p>

Application of entropy-based complex systems partition method in research on quantizing TCM syndrome diagnostic criteria of angina pectoris / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the quantized criteria for TCM syndrome diagnosis of angina pectoris (AP) using the entropy-based complex systems partition method (EBCSPM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and three AP patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the operation group (302 cases) and the examination group (101 cases). The symptomatic information of the patients was extracted using EBCSPM to make sure the contribution degree of each symptom to syndrome diagnosis, and the diagnostic threshold was established by the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The basic syndromes manifested during AP were collateral-qi stagnation, collateral-qi deficiency and stagnation, turbid phlegm, blood stasis, phlegm-heat, heat-fire, yin deficiency and yang deficiency, etc. Different symptoms contributed to syndrome diagnosis to different degrees and with different diagnostic thresholds, showing good sensitivity and specificity in the prospective verification on the 101 patients in the examination group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EBCSPM is applicable for quantizing TCM diagnostic criteria, and the established criteria shows favorable diagnostic efficacy for TCM syndrome diagnosis of AP.</p>

Experimental study on effect of Tongxinluo on nerve cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral arterial obstructive model rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the action mechanism of Tongxinluo Capsule (TXL) in protecting brain from ischemic damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were divided into five groups randomly, the sham operation group, the model group, the MK-801 group, the large and low dosage TXL groups (TXLL and TXLS). After the middle cerebral arterial obstructive (MCAO) model was established, peritoneal injection of MK-801 0.5 mg/kg per day was given to the MK-801 group, and 1.0 g/(kg x d) and 0.5 g/(kg x d) of TXL powder was administered in twice via gastrogavage to the two TXL groups respectively. The nerve cell apoptosis rate, protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-3, p53 and heat shock protein (HSP70) were observed using flow cytometry, Western blot and RT-PCR technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both TXL and MK-801 could obviously lower the apoptosis rate in model rat (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), TXLL showed the optimal effect. Caspase-3, p53 protein and mRNA expression in the model group were obviously higher than those in the sham operated group. As compared with the model group, the expressions of Caspase-3 and p53 were lower and those of HSP70 and mRNA were higher in the two TXL and MK-801 groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TXL displays it brain protective effect through reducing nerve cell apoptosis rate in MCAO model rats, the mechanism may be related to its actions in inhibiting apoptosis related factors Caspase-3 and p53, and promoting stress protecting factor HSP70.</p>

Effect of Tongxinluo on 7 gene expression profile associated with vascular endothelium injure of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate 7 gene expression profile associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelium injure of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation, and the effect of Tongxinluo on gene expression profile.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of vascular endothelium injury of rats with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation were established by using high L-methionine, with load-carrying swimming or being fastened, respectively. RT-PCR and SAGE database which is available in NCBI, were used to analyze the changes of 7 gene expression related with inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelium injure and the effect of Tongxinluo on the gene expression profile.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with control group, the gene expression of inflammation related COX-1, COX-2, oxidative stress related iNOS, SOD and blood vessel vasomotion related eNOS, ECE, increased in deficiency of vital energy group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the gene expression decreased with Tongxinluo treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The gene expression of COX-1, COX-2, iNOS and eNOS, ECE, increased (P < 0.01), but the gene expression of PCS and SOD decreased (P < 0.01), in qi stagnation group, and the disorder of gene expression improved with treatment of Tongxinluo (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 7 gene expression related to vascular endothelium injure were not the same in rat with deficiency of vital energy or qi stagnation, and Tongxinluo could regulate the disorder of the gene expression, protecting vascular endothelium from injure.</p>

Clinical study of super crush-run Tongxinluo capsule on treatment of stroke / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and security of super crush-run tong xinluo capsule (SCTXLC) for apoplexy due to energy-deficiency and blood-stasis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The randomised controlled double blind non-inferiority trial versus paroxetine, parallel contrast, different Kinds of Techniques and dosage, the clinical trial design was adopted, 144 patients with stroke of convalescent stage were selected by 2 group, which course of diseases was in 2 weekens to 3 months, neurological deficit scores was 8 to 30, grade of acaties of daily living scores was 2 to 5. the treatment group (n = 72) received SCTXLC 0.26 g (a capsule), 4 capsules at a time, three times a day, while that of the control group (n = 72) received common crush-run tong xinluo capsule (CCTXLC) 0.38 g (a capsule), 4 capsules at a time, three times a day, the therapeutic course for both groups was 28 d.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The synthesis total effective rates of the stroke in treatment group and control group were 91.3% and 87.3% respectively, showing no significant difference. The Lower Bound Upper Bound of Asymptotic 95% Confidence Interval of the total effective rates difference is -4.57%, over the beforehand Lower Bound of 15%, non-inferiority trial versus paroxetine was eligible. The adverse reactions occurred was 1 patient in the treatment group and 2 patients in control group in clinical trial.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SCTXLC has definite effect for apoplexy due to energy-deficiency and blood-stasis, the efficacy in the treated group was equal to that in the control group, and favourable satety for usage.</p>

Effect of shensong yangxin capsule on ventricular premature beat and cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in patients with coronary heart disease / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of shensong yangxin capsule (SYC) on ventricular premature beat (VPB) differentiated in TCM as palpitation of Qi-yin deficiency syndrome or Xin collateral stagnation syndrome, and cardiovascular autonomic nervous function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The randomized, double-blind, parallel contrast method was adopted, patients were randomly assigned by 3:1 ratio into two groups. One hundred and sixty-five patients in SYC treated group and 56 in the control group (treated with Xinlvning tablet), and the therapeutic course for both groups was 4 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The clinical efficacy on VPB and in improving TCM syndromes was better in SYC group than that in the control group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the heart rate variability (HRV) and QT dispersion in the two groups were improved in a certain degree. The changes of SDNN, SDANN, SDNN Index and PNN50 in the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SYC has definite effect on VPB and TCM Syndromes, it can obviously meliorate the activity of cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in the patients with CHD.</p>