ABSTRACT
The clearance of nanoparticles (NPs) by mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) from blood leads to high liver and spleen uptake and negatively impacts their tumor delivery efficiency. Here we systematically evaluated the in vitro and in vivo nanobio interactions of a two-dimensional (2D) model, gold (Au) nanorings, which were compared with Au nanospheres and Au nanoplates of similar size. Among different shapes, Au nanorings achieved the lowest MPS uptake and highest tumor accumulation. Among different sizes, 50 nm Au nanorings showed the highest tumor delivery efficiency. In addition, we demonstrated the potential use of Au naonrings in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Thus, engineering the shape, surface area, and size of Au nanostructures is important in controlling NP-MPS interactions and improving the tumor uptake efficiency.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Gold/pharmacology , Mononuclear Phagocyte System/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Phototherapy , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Diagnostic Imaging , Gold/chemistry , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Mononuclear Phagocyte System/immunology , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Particle Size , Positron-Emission Tomography , RAW 264.7 Cells , Surface Properties , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Although various noble metal and semiconducting molecules have been developed as photoacoustic (PA) agents, the use of semiconducting polymer-metal nanoparticle hybrid materials to enhance PA signal has not been explored. A novel semiconducting-plasmonic nanovesicle was fabricated by self-assembly of semiconducting poly(perylene diimide) (PPDI) and poly(ethylene glycol (PEG) tethered gold nanoparticles (Au@PPDI/PEG). A highly localized and strongly enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field is distributed between adjacent gold nanoparticles in the vesicular shell, where the absorbing collapsed PPDI is present. Significantly, the EM field in turn enhances the light absorption efficiency of PPDI, leading to a much greater photothermal effect and a stronger photoacoustic signal compared to PDI nanoparticle or gold nanovesicle alone. The optical property of the hybrid vesicle can be further tailored by controlling the ratio of PPDI and gold nanoparticle as well as the adjustable interparticle distance of gold nanoparticles localized in the vesicular shell. In vivo imaging and therapeutic evaluation demonstrated that the hybrid vesicle is an excellent probe for cancer theranostics.
Subject(s)
Gold/metabolism , Hyperthermia, Induced/methods , Nanoparticles/metabolism , Optical Imaging/methods , Photoacoustic Techniques/methods , Phototherapy/methods , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Electromagnetic Phenomena , Glioblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Glioblastoma/therapy , Heterografts , Mice , Nanomedicine/methods , Neoplasm Transplantation , Polyethylene Glycols/metabolism , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
In this study, a new type of degradable polyphosphoester-based polymeric nanoparticle, capable of carrying silver cations via interactions with alkyne groups, has been developed as a potentially effective and safe treatment for lung infections. It was found that up to 15% (w/w) silver loading into the nanoparticles could be achieved, consuming most of the pendant alkyne groups along the backbone, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. The well-defined Ag-loaded nanoparticles released silver in a controlled and sustained manner over 5 days, and displayed enhanced in vitro antibacterial activities against cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens and decreased cytotoxicity to human bronchial epithelial cells, in comparison to silver acetate.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Lung Diseases/drug therapy , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Silver/chemistry , Acetates/chemistry , Bronchi/cytology , Cations , Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Design , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Humans , Micelles , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Nanotechnology , Polymers/chemistry , Silver Compounds/chemistry , Solubility , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
The successful development of degradable polymeric nanostructures as optical probes for use in nanotheranostic applications requires the intelligent design of materials such that their surface response, degradation, drug delivery, and imaging properties are all optimized. In the case of imaging, optimization must result in materials that allow differentiation between unbound optical contrast agents and labeled polymeric materials as they undergo degradation. In this study, we have shown that use of traditional electrophoretic gel-plate assays for the determination of the purity of dye-conjugated degradable nanoparticles is limited by polymer degradation characteristics. To overcome these limitations, we have outlined a holistic approach to evaluating dye and peptide-polymer nanoparticle conjugation by utilizing steady-state fluorescence, anisotropy, and emission and anisotropy lifetime decay profiles, through which nanoparticle-dye binding can be assessed independently of perturbations, such as those presented during the execution of electrolyte gel-based assays. This approach has been demonstrated to provide an overall understanding of the spectral signature-structure-function relationship, ascertaining key information on interactions between the fluorophore, polymer, and solvent components that have a direct and measurable impact on the emissive properties of the optical probe. The use of these powerful techniques provides feedback that can be utilized to improve nanotheranostics by evaluating dye emissivity in degradable nanotheranostic systems, which has become increasingly important as modern platforms transition to architectures intentionally reliant on degradation and built-in environmental responses.
Subject(s)
Contrast Media/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanotechnology , Polymers/chemistry , Anisotropy , Particle Size , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Polymeric micelles and shell crosslinked knedel-like (SCK) nanoparticles were loaded with up to 48% (w/w) cisplatin. These spherical cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles displayed sustained platinum release over 5 days in PBS, enhanced stability over free cisplatin in aqueous milieu, and significant antitumor activity in vitro against two cancer cell lines.