Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Propaquizafop in Ginseng under Field Conditions.

Propaquizafop is a highly efficient aryloxy phenoxy propionate chiral herbicide. However, the use of propaquizafop, including its safe use methods, residue patterns, dietary risk assessment, and maximum residue limits, for ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has not been studied. An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of propaquizafop and its four metabolites in ginseng soil, fresh ginseng, ginseng plant, and dried ginseng using HPLC-MS/MS. This approach showed good linearity (R2 ranging from 0.9827 to 0.9999) and limit of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. The intra- and interday recovery rates of this method ranged from 71.6 to 107.1% with relative standard deviation ranging from 1.3 to 23.2%. The method was applied to detect residual samples in the field, and it was found that the degradation of propaquizafop in ginseng plants and soil followed a first-order kinetic equation. R2 was between 0.8913 and 0.9666, and the half-life (t1/2) ranged from 5.04 to 8.05 days, indicating that it was an easily degradable pesticide (T1/2 < 30 days). The final propaquizafop residues in ginseng soil, plants, fresh ginseng, and dried ginseng ranged from 0.017 to 0.691 mg/kg. A dietary risk assessment was conducted on the final propaquizafop residue in fresh and dried ginseng. The results showed that the chronic exposure risk quotient values were less than 100% for fresh and dried ginseng (1.15% for fresh ginseng and 1.13% for dried ginseng). This illustrates that the dietary risk associated with the use of 10% propaquizafop emulsifiable concentrate in ginseng is very low. Thus, applying 750 mL/ha of propaquizafop on ginseng could not pose an unacceptable risk to public health. The results of the present study support the registration of propaquizafop in ginseng.

Glycyrrhizic acid content in Gegenqinlian decoctions prepared according to different prescriptions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in glycyrrhizic acid contents of Gegenqinlian decoctions (a traditional Chinese herbal preparation) prepared according to varied prescription, so as to establish a referential standard for controlling the acid level in such preparations. METHODS: Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed to determine the content of glycyrrhizic acid in different Gegenqinlian decoctions. RESULTS: Glycyrrhizic acid contents in the decoction of exclusive liquorice was 0.89%, and in Gegenqinlian decoctions composed of 2 or 3 ingredients, the acid contents varied from 0.24%, to 0.59%,. CONCLUSION: The presence of the constituents in Gegenqinlian decoction such as radices puerarire, radices scutellariae and coptis may significantly reduce the release of glycyrrhizic acid content from within liquorice into the decoction.