ABSTRACT
Mallotus japonicus is a shrub species in the family of Euphorbiaceae. The study of plastome would be helpful for its phylogenetic study and species identification. The total length of complete plastome for Mallotus japonicus is of 164,912 bp, with typical part-four structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,829 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 90,319 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,935 bp. The plastome contains 125 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 31 unique tRNA gene, four unique rRNA genes (5S rRNA, 4.5S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 23S rRNA), and five pseudogenes. The overall G/C content in the plastome of Mallotus japonicus is 40.2%. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that M. japonicus is closer to M. peltatus than other species in this study. The complete plastome sequence is conducive to the exploitation and utilization of Euphorbiaceae resources and the phylogenetic study in future.
ABSTRACT
Mallotus peltatus is a tropical plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, which could be used as a beverage and medicine in Hainan, China. Here, we report and characterize the complete plastome of M. peltatus. The complete plastome is 163,304 bp in length and contains a typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,112 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 89,886 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,840 bp. The plastome contains 131 genes, consisting of 78 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, four unique rRNA genes (5S rRNA, 4.5S rRNA, 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and eight pseudogenes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of M. peltatus is 64.02%. The complete plastome sequence of M. peltatus will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species as well as for phylogenetic studies in Euphorbiaceae.
ABSTRACT
Flueggea virosa is a tropical plant of the Phyllanthaceae family, which has high medicinal value. Here, we report and characterize the complete plastome of F. virosa. The complete plastome is 154,961 bp in length and contains the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,575 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,397 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,414 bp. The plastome contains 130 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, 4 unique rRNA genes (5S rRNA, 4.5S rRNA, 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA). The overall A/T content in the plastome of F. virosa is 63.10%. The complete plastome sequence of F. virosa will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species as well as for phylogenetic studies in Phyllanthaceae.
ABSTRACT
Pseuderanthemum haikangense (Acanthaceae) is a shrubs native to Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan province of China. In this study, we report and characterize the complete plastome sequence of P. haikangense in order to provide genomic resources helpful for promoting its conservation and medicinal utilization. The complete plastome is 152,849 bp in length and contains the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm, including two Inverted Repeat (IRs) regions of 25,849 bp, a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 83,878 bp and a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 17,273 bp. The plastome contains 113 genes, consisting of 79 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of P. haikangense is 61.60%. The complete plastome sequence of P. haikangense will provide a useful resource for the conservation and garden utilization of this species as well as for the phylogenetic studies of Acanthaceae.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Decaisnea insignis, known as 'dead man's fingers' (Lardizabalaceae), is widely distributed in China and the Himalayan foothill countries. This economically important plant, which is the only species in the genus, has not been the subject of any embryological studies aside from one brief, older paper that lacks micrographs. Data on Decaisnea are also important because its systematic position has been unstable since the genus was established in 1855. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (a) to use modern microscopy to document early reproductive anatomical development in Decaisnea; and (b) to compare qualitatively these early embryological characters with allied taxa in a systematic context. METHODS: Decaisnea insignis floral buds and inflorescences were regularly collected from Shaanxi Province, China and prepared for light microscopy. The embryological characters studied were qualitatively compared with those of allied taxa via a thorough examination of the existing literature. KEY RESULTS: Early reproductive anatomy in Decaisnea was documented and novel revelations made. It was discovered that the pollen is shed when three-celled (not two-celled, as previously reported), and that endosperm formation is nuclear (not cellular or helobial, as previously reported). These two newly revealed embryological characters are not found in any other members of Lardizabalaceae. Furthermore, neither are persistent antipodal cells, which we confirmed to be present in Decaisnea. CONCLUSIONS: Decaisnea and other Lardizabalaceae characteristically have tetrasporangiate anthers, a secretory tapetum, simultaneous microsporocyte cytokinesis, primarily bitegmic, crassinucellate ovules, and a Polygonum type embryo sac. However, in the family, persistent antipodals, nuclear endosperm, and pollen shed at the three-celled stage are only found in Decaisnea. These embryological data prompted the suggestion that Decaisnea needs elevation above the level of genus.