ABSTRACT
We studied the effect of an anthocyanin-containing complex from the fruits of S. aucuparia L. on doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice. The complex reduced the genotoxic effect doxorubicin in metaphase plates of bone marrow cells in 24, 48 h, and 10 days after the administration of the cytostatic. The mean number of single fragments and the fraction of cells with gaps and aberrant metaphases also decreased.
Subject(s)
Sorbus , Animals , Mice , Anthocyanins/pharmacology , Fruit , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Using rat and mouse models of neurogenic, ethanol-induced, and indometacin-induced damage to the gastric mucosa we demonstrated that course preventive treatment with flavonoid complex from aerial parts of Lychnis chalcedonica L. increased the resistance of gastric mucosa to ulcerogenic factors of different etiology. The gastroprotective effect of the phytocomplex in a dose range of 16-1600 µg/kg was comparable with that of the reference drug plantaglucide and was superior to that of the reference drugs eleutherococcus extract and methyluracil in the therapeutic doses. The antiulcerogenic activity of Lychnis chalcedonica flavonoid complex considerably exceeded activity of Lychnis chalcedonica L. extract demonstrated in our previous experiments.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Anti-Ulcer Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Cytoprotection/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Ethanol , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Flavonoids/therapeutic use , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Indomethacin , Lychnis/chemistry , Male , Mice , Neurogenic Inflammation/drug therapy , Neurogenic Inflammation/pathology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Silene , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
Myelotoxicity is a serious side effect of anticancer drugs. The search for drugs that can reduce the hematological complications of chemotherapy through modulation of hematopoietic stem cells is an urgent task of oncopharmacology. In the present study we showed that administration of Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides to C57BL/6 mice treated with cyclophosphamide can increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells (CD117+34+) in the bone marrow.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/toxicity , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Cyclophosphamide/antagonists & inhibitors , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Tussilago/chemistry , Animals , Antigens, CD34/genetics , Antigens, CD34/immunology , Biomarkers/metabolism , Bone Marrow/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/immunology , Cell Count , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Female , Gene Expression , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology , Immunophenotyping , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/immunologyABSTRACT
One of prospective methods for immunotherapy of tumors is modulation via immunological checkpoints, specifically, via the PD-1(CD279)/PD-L1(CD274) system. Interactions between tumor cell receptor (CD279) and the ligand on lymphocytes (CD274) leads to lymphocyte inactivation, which allows tumor escape from the immune control. Experiments on C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma demonstrate the possibility of reducing the expression of CD279 and CD274 on the peripheral blood and tumor tissue lymphocytes under the effects of Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides. This phenomenon can underlie the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of these substances.
Subject(s)
B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism , Tussilago/chemistry , Animals , Female , Flow Cytometry , Immunotherapy , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
A possibility for correction of damaging effects of polychemotherapy on the intestinal epithelium with Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides was studied on C57Bl/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. The polysaccharides had protective and/or stimulating effects on the intestinal epithelium during polychemotherapy and promoted reparative regeneration in the intestine.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Tussilago/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Etoposide/adverse effects , Female , Hematoxylin , Histocytochemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Irinotecan/administration & dosage , Irinotecan/adverse effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Paclitaxel/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Using DNA comet assay we found that polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L. reduced the intensity of polychemotherapy-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in bone marrow cells and small intestinal epithelium of C57Bl/6 mice, which attested to genoprotective properties of these polysaccharides.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/antagonists & inhibitors , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , DNA/chemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Tussilago/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/toxicity , Apoptosis/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Cisplatin/antagonists & inhibitors , Cisplatin/toxicity , Comet Assay , DNA/metabolism , Duodenum/cytology , Duodenum/drug effects , Duodenum/metabolism , Female , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Irinotecan/antagonists & inhibitors , Irinotecan/toxicity , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Paclitaxel/antagonists & inhibitors , Paclitaxel/toxicity , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The experiments on C57Bl/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma showed that addition of Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides to conventional cisplatin/paclitaxel polychemotherapy moderated neutropenia caused by antitumor therapy and increased its efficiency. The stimulating effect of polysaccharides on the granulopoietic lineage cells is comparable with that of recombinant CSF Neupogen.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Paclitaxel/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Tussilago/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology , Female , Filgrastim/pharmacology , Granulocytes/drug effects , Granulocytes/immunology , Granulocytes/pathology , Hematologic Agents/pharmacology , Leukocyte Count , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Burden/drug effectsABSTRACT
Tumor cells can maintain their growth via immunosuppression and escape from host antitumor immunity by controlling the PD-1/PD-L1 system. Expression of PD-L1 (CD274) is an inhibitory signal for T cells, while the increase in CD326 expression in the tumor tissue correlates with metastasis development. The experimental preparation on the basis of α(1,2)-L-rhamno-α(1,4)-D-galactopyranosyluronan from Acorus calamus L. produces an antitumor effect: it reduces tumor node size and the number and area of metastases after transplantation of Lewis lung carcinoma. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated a decrease in the population of tumor cells expressing surface CD274 (PD-L1) and CD326 antigens after 20-day course of α(1,2)-L-rhamno-α(1,4)-D-galactopyranosyluronan.
Subject(s)
Acorus/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism , Animals , B7-H1 Antigen/genetics , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics , Female , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats , Tumor Burden , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the complex of flavonoids from Lychnis chalcedonica L. were studied in the models of acute aseptic inflammation induced by carrageenan, histamine, and serotonin and acetic acid-induced painful chemical stimulation. It is demonstrated that course treatment with flavonoids derived from Lychnis chalcedonica L. produced a stable pharmacological effect comparable with that of the reference anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Carrageenan/toxicity , Flavonoids/therapeutic use , Inflammation/drug therapy , Lychnis/chemistry , Acetic Acid/toxicity , Animals , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine/toxicity , Inflammation/chemically induced , Male , Mice , Serotonin/toxicityABSTRACT
The effects of Fructus Sorbi aucupariae extract, originally saturated with anthocyans, on the development of Lewis lung carcinoma and B-16 melanoma in C57Bl/6 mice and the efficiency of cyclophosphamide treatment were studied. Antitumor activity of the extract and potentiation of the antimetastatic activity of the cytostatic were demonstrated. Studies on melanoma B-16 model revealed an increase in the counts of stromal progenitor cells in the tumor node and their accelerated maturation after treatment with the extract. No effects towards the tumor stem and committed cells were detected.
Subject(s)
Anthocyanins/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fruit/chemistry , Injections, Intramuscular , Lymphatic Metastasis , Melanoma, Experimental/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Sorbus/chemistry , Tumor Burden/drug effects , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L., Acorus calamus L., and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench attenuated the toxic effect of fl uorouracil on the small intestinal epithelium of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Addition of polysaccharides to chemotherapy protocols stimulated reparative regeneration processes in the small intestine damaged by the cytostatic treatment. No stimulating effects of the polysaccharides on tumor growth and metastasizing were revealed.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/toxicity , Fluorouracil/toxicity , Intestine, Small/pathology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Female , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm TransplantationABSTRACT
Gastroprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L. root extract is demonstrated on H. Shay's model of experimental ulcer in rats. The effect is attributed to the antisecretory activity of the plant and stimulation of defense barrier function of the gastric mucosa. The regulatory effect of the phytocomplex on seasonal characteristics of the gastric secretory and defense functions in dogs with Basov's fistula is detected.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Cichorium intybus/chemistry , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/isolation & purification , Carbachol/pharmacology , Dogs , Famotidine/pharmacology , Female , Gastric Fistula , Gastric Juice/chemistry , Gastric Juice/drug effects , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Male , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Seasons , Stomach/drug effects , Stomach/pathology , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
We studied antiulcer activity of the extracts of ecdysteroid-containing plants of the Caryophyllaceae family: Lychnis chalcedonica L., Silene viridiflora L.Sp.Pl., and Silene frivaldszkyana Hampe. Experiments on the model of neurogenic and aspirin-induced ulcerogenesis showed unidirectional and pronounced gastroprotective effects of S. viridiflora and L. chalcedonica extracts comparable to the efficacy of famotidine. In these models, a course of intragastric treatment with the extracts reduced ulcerative lesions of all types.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Ecdysteroids/analysis , Lychnis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Silene/chemistry , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Animals , Ethanol , Female , Mice , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
In vitro experiments showed that calcium pectate added to the culture medium produces a dose-dependent prebiotic effect on lacto-and bifidobacteria cultures and on non-pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Calcium pectate produced a pronounced bacteriostatic effect on Candida albicans strain; the effects was more pronounced in a concentration of 4%.
Subject(s)
Pectins/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bifidobacterium/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effectsABSTRACT
Antiinflammatory (antiexudative, antiproliferative) activity of calcium pectate was revealed by tests on the mice leg carrageenan-induced edema and cotton-ball granuloma models. It was also established that this polysaccharide produced an anesthetic effect comparable with that of indomethacin on the model of acetate-induced convulsions in mice.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Edema/drug therapy , Granuloma/drug therapy , Pectins/pharmacology , Animals , Carrageenan/toxicity , Edema/chemically induced , Female , Granuloma/chemically induced , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Mice , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Standard models of experimental ulceration (of neurogenic origin, H. Shay ulcer, indomethacine-, ethanol-, prednisolone-, histamine- and acetate-induced ulcers) were used to demonstrate protective effect of non-starch polysaccharides (potassium alginate, potassium pectate, low-esterified pectin). Potassium pectate proved to be the most efficacious protector. Mechanism of its anti-ulcerative action is attributable to antacidic, cytoprotective, and reparative activity. It appeals to optimally stimulate the motor-evacuation function and, besides, exhibits marked anti-inflammatory activity.
Subject(s)
Alginates/therapeutic use , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Pectins/therapeutic use , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Alginates/administration & dosage , Animals , Antidiarrheals/administration & dosage , Antidiarrheals/therapeutic use , Biocompatible Materials/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Carriers , Female , Glucuronic Acid/administration & dosage , Glucuronic Acid/therapeutic use , Hexuronic Acids/administration & dosage , Hexuronic Acids/therapeutic use , Male , Mice , Pectins/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/physiopathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Calcium pectate has been found to exhibit an antiulcer activity in rats with model of chronic ulcers. Course treatment of the experimental animals with calcium pectate (i) accelerated the repair of experimental damage due to better integrity and higher secretory activity of epithelium and (ii) decreased hemodynamic disorders in surrounding mucous and epithelial membranes. The maximum effect, which was achieved with calcium pectate in a dose of 50 mg/kg, exceeded the action of the reference drug maalox on both 14th and 21st days of experiment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Pectins/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Acetates , Aluminum Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Animals , Chronic Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Combinations , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Magnesium Hydroxide/therapeutic use , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
Course prophylactic administration and single therapeutic treatment with calcium pectate improved resistance of rat gastroduodenal mucosa to ethanol-induced ulcers, prednisolone-induced ulcers, and H. Shay ulceration of the gastric mucosa.
Subject(s)
Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Pectins/pharmacology , Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Ethanol , Female , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Pectins/therapeutic use , Peptic Ulcer/chemically induced , Rats , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Experiments on animals with Lewis lung carcinoma and Ehrlich tumor showed that licorice (glycyrrhiza) extract and glyciram prepared from this plant improved the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. Glyciram reduced the toxic effect of the cytostatic on peripheral blood leukocytes. Licorice extract inhibited the growth of Ehrlich tumor and development of metastases in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Glyciram administered to mice after removal of Lewis lung carcinoma produced an antimetastatic effect and prevented relapses.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/surgery , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/surgery , Glycyrrhiza/chemistry , Neoplasm Transplantation , Animals , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology , Female , Glycyrrhetinic Acid/therapeutic use , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Both chronic (prophylactic) and single administration of standardized calcium pectate considerably increased the resistance of rat stomach mucous membrane with respect to ulcerogenic factors of various etiology, including immobilized stress, indomethacin, ethanol, prednizolone, and histamine, according to H. Shay's model. The gastroprotective effect of this polysaccharide was comparable with or exceeded the action of famotidine, sea buckthorn oil, and maalox.