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1.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 48(18): 4959-4966, 2023 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37802837

ABSTRACT

The suitable habitat for the endangered and valuable medicinal herb Panax ginseng is gradually decreasing. It is crucial to investigate its suitable growing areas in China for global protection and sustainable utilization of P. ginseng. In this study, 371 distribution points of P. ginseng were collected, and 21 environmental factors were used as ecological indicators. The geographic information system for global medicinal plants(GMPGIS) system, MaxEnt model, and Thiessen polygon method were used to analyze the potential suitable areas for P. ginseng globally. The results showed that the key environmental variables affecting P. ginseng were precipitation in the hottest quarter(Bio18) and the coefficient of temperature seasonality(Bio4). The suitable habitats for P. ginseng were mostly located in the "One Belt, One Road" countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Russia. The highly suitable habitats were mainly distributed along mountain ranges in southeastern Shandong, southern Shanxi and Shaanxi, northern Jiangsu, and northwestern Henan of China. Data analysis indicated that the current P. ginseng planting sites were all in high suitability zones, and the Thiessen polygon results showed that the geographic locations of P. ginseng production companies were unbalanced and urgently needed optimization. This study provides data support for P. ginseng planting site selection, scientific introduction, production layout, and long-term development planning.


Subject(s)
Panax , Plants, Medicinal , Ecosystem , China , Geographic Information Systems , Temperature
2.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 46(17): 4389-4394, 2021 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34581041

ABSTRACT

This paper explored the ecologically suitable areas for growing Scutellaria baicalensis using Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS), to figure out the resource distribution of S. baicalensis worldwide and provide a scientific basis for its scientific introduction. A total of 349 S. baicalensis sampling sites were selected all over the world for GMPGIS-based analy-sis of the ecologically suitable areas with six ecological factors including annual average temperature, average temperature during the coldest season, average temperature during the warmest season, average annual precipitation, average annual relative humidity, and annual average illumination and soil type as the ecological indexes. The results demonstrated that the ecologically suitable areas for growing S. baicalensis were mostly located in the Northern hemisphere, and the suitable areas in the United States, China, and Russia accounted for 19.25%, 18.66%, and 13.15% of the total area worldwide, respectively. In China, the Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang province, and Yunnan province occupied the largest proportions of the total area, namely 14.28%, 8.72%, and 6.18%, respectively. As revealed by ecological factors of each sampling site, S. baicalensis was resistant to low temperature but not to high temperature. The adaptive range of average annual precipitation is narrower than that of average annual air humidity. The suitable soils were mainly inceptisol, alfisol, and fluvisol. High temperature and rainy climate or excessively high soil bulk density was not conducive to the growth of S. baicalensis. The adoption of GMPGIS enabled to obtain areas with the greatest ecological similarity for S. baicalensis, which were reliable data supporting the exploration of resource distribution and reasonable introduction of S. baicalensis.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Scutellaria baicalensis , China , Climate , Soil
3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-888137

ABSTRACT

This paper explored the ecologically suitable areas for growing Scutellaria baicalensis using Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS), to figure out the resource distribution of S. baicalensis worldwide and provide a scientific basis for its scientific introduction. A total of 349 S. baicalensis sampling sites were selected all over the world for GMPGIS-based analy-sis of the ecologically suitable areas with six ecological factors including annual average temperature, average temperature during the coldest season, average temperature during the warmest season, average annual precipitation, average annual relative humidity, and annual average illumination and soil type as the ecological indexes. The results demonstrated that the ecologically suitable areas for growing S. baicalensis were mostly located in the Northern hemisphere, and the suitable areas in the United States, China, and Russia accounted for 19.25%, 18.66%, and 13.15% of the total area worldwide, respectively. In China, the Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang province, and Yunnan province occupied the largest proportions of the total area, namely 14.28%, 8.72%, and 6.18%, respectively. As revealed by ecological factors of each sampling site, S. baicalensis was resistant to low temperature but not to high temperature. The adaptive range of average annual precipitation is narrower than that of average annual air humidity. The suitable soils were mainly inceptisol, alfisol, and fluvisol. High temperature and rainy climate or excessively high soil bulk density was not conducive to the growth of S. baicalensis. The adoption of GMPGIS enabled to obtain areas with the greatest ecological similarity for S. baicalensis, which were reliable data supporting the exploration of resource distribution and reasonable introduction of S. baicalensis.


Subject(s)
China , Climate , Plants, Medicinal , Scutellaria baicalensis , Soil
4.
Chin J Nat Med ; 17(7): 481-489, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31514979

ABSTRACT

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a well-known Asian traditional herbal medicine with a large market demand. The plant is native to eastern North America, and its main producing areas worldwide are decreasing due to continuous cropping obstacles and environmental changes. Therefore, the identification of maximum similarities of new ecological distribution of P. quinquefolius, and prediction of its response to climate change in the future are necessary for plant introduction and cultivation. In this study, the areas with potential ecological suitability for P. quinquefolius were predicted using the geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS) based on 476 occurrence points and 19 bioclimatic variables. The results indicate that the new ecologically suitable areas for P. quinquefolius are East Asia and the mid-eastern Europe, which are mainly distributed in China, Russia, Japan, Ukraine, Belarus, North Korean, South Korea, andRomania. Under global climate change scenarios, the suitable planting areas for P. quinquefolius would be increased by 9.16%-30.97%, and expandingnorth and west over the current ecologically suitable areas by 2070. The potential increased areas that are ecologically suitable include northern Canada, Eastern Europe, and the Lesser Khingan Mountains of China, and reduced regions are mainly in central China, the southern U.S., and southern Europe. Jackknife tests indicate that the precipitation of the warmest quarter was the important climatic factor controlling the distribution of P. quinquefolius. Our findings can be used as auseful guide for P. quinquefolius introduction and cultivation in ecologically suitable areas.


Subject(s)
Geographic Information Systems , Panax/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal/growth & development , Climate , Climate Change , Ecology , Geography
5.
Chin Med ; 14: 4, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30828359

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The endangered rate of medicinal plant exceeds that of endangered plant species. However, blindly introducing medicinal plants in regions without comprehensively considering the involved environmental factors results in diseases and insect pests and the consequent overproof pesticide residue as well as reduces the quality of herbal medicine produced. METHODS: Global Medicinal Plant Geographic Information System (GMPGIS) was developed to analyze environmental information of ecologically suitable regions, thus guiding the conservation and introduction of medicinal plants. This system is based on theories and methods from multiple disciplines, including computer science, geoinformatics, ecology, and traditional herbal medicine. Using a range-based method, the previously established ecologically suitable regions were evaluated. This new method effectively resolved the problem of outlier points, and its functions were implemented in Python. The system automatically calculates the Euclidean distance of climatic factors and intersection of soil factors, thus identifying regions with high ecological similarity and those are climatically and edaphically suitable for the cultivation of medicinal plants. RESULTS: These results, validated using real-world regions, revealed that GMPGIS is highly accurate in screening ecologically suitable regions for the cultivation of medicinal plants worldwide. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, because of these features, the GMPGIS is considered as a suitable distribution analysis system for global medicinal plant cultivation.

6.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-776853

ABSTRACT

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a well-known Asian traditional herbal medicine with a large market demand. The plant is native to eastern North America, and its main producing areas worldwide are decreasing due to continuous cropping obstacles and environmental changes. Therefore, the identification of maximum similarities of new ecological distribution of P. quinquefolius, and prediction of its response to climate change in the future are necessary for plant introduction and cultivation. In this study, the areas with potential ecological suitability for P. quinquefolius were predicted using the geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS) based on 476 occurrence points and 19 bioclimatic variables. The results indicate that the new ecologically suitable areas for P. quinquefolius are East Asia and the mid-eastern Europe, which are mainly distributed in China, Russia, Japan, Ukraine, Belarus, North Korean, South Korea, andRomania. Under global climate change scenarios, the suitable planting areas for P. quinquefolius would be increased by 9.16%-30.97%, and expandingnorth and west over the current ecologically suitable areas by 2070. The potential increased areas that are ecologically suitable include northern Canada, Eastern Europe, and the Lesser Khingan Mountains of China, and reduced regions are mainly in central China, the southern U.S., and southern Europe. Jackknife tests indicate that the precipitation of the warmest quarter was the important climatic factor controlling the distribution of P. quinquefolius. Our findings can be used as auseful guide for P. quinquefolius introduction and cultivation in ecologically suitable areas.

7.
Chin Med ; 13: 58, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30479655

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diosgenin, mainly extracted from wild diosgenin-contained Dioscorea species, is a well-known starting material of steroidal and contraceptive drugs. However, due to large market demand and increasingly ecological damage, wild Dioscorea species resources available have been gradually declining. Therefore, identification of new potential ecological distribution of diosgenin-contained Dioscorea species is necessary for diosgenin production. METHODS: In this study, a large occurrence dataset (1808 data points) of diosgenin-contained Dioscorea species was obtained from Eastern Asia, Southern North America and Southern Africa. Along with the data for six critical environmental parameters and one soil factor, Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plant was applied to predict the potential suitable distribution of Dioscorea species. RESULTS: The results showed that the potential distribution of these Dioscorea species covered a wide field, and that new ecological suitability areas were mainly distributed in the central region of South America, the southern part of the European and coastal region of Oceania. Jackknife test indicated that annual precipitation and annual mean radiation were the important climatic factors controlling the distribution of Dioscorea species. CONCLUSIONS: The suitable areas and critical climatic factors will serve as a useful guide for diosgenin-contained Dioscorea species conservation and cultivation in ecological suitable areas.

8.
Molecules ; 22(10)2017 09 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28956837

ABSTRACT

Global biodiversity is strongly influenced by the decrease in endangered biological species. Predicting the distribution of endangered medicinal plants is necessary for resource conservation. A spatial distribution model-geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS)-is used to predict the global potential suitable distribution of four endangered Panax species, including Panax japonicas (T. Nees) C. A. Meyer and Panax japonicas var. major (Burkill) C. Y. Wu & K. M. Feng distributed in low- and middle-latitude, Panax zingiberensis C. Y. Wu & K. M. Feng and Panax stipuleanatus C. T. Tsai & K. M. Feng in low-latitude regions of China based on seven bioclimatic variables and 600 occurrence points. Results indicate that areas of P. japonicus and P. japonicusvar. major are 266.29 × 105 and 77.5 × 105 km², respectively, which are mainly distributed in China and America. By contrast, the areas of P. zingiberensis and P. stipuleanatus are 5.09 × 105 and 2.05 × 105 km², respectively, which are mainly distributed in Brazil and China. P. japonicus has the widest distribution among the four species. The data also indicate that the mean temperature of coldest quarter is the most critical factor. This scientific prediction can be used as reference for resource conservation of endangered plants and as a guide to search for endangered species in previously unknown areas.


Subject(s)
Endangered Species , Geographic Information Systems , Panax , Plants, Medicinal , China , Geography , Spatial Analysis
9.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 41(18): 3314-3322, 2016 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28925111

ABSTRACT

Through the development of ecological suitability analysis of producing area and the selection criteria of farmland cultivation in the global range of ginseng, we aim to provide scientific basis for rational planning, production layout and standardized planting of farmland. We analyze the data based on the ecological factors from 271 sample plots of Panax ginseng, including both the traditional producing regions recorded in past dynasties medicinal works and the popular production regions in the world, using global geographic information system for medicinal plant(GMPGIS) developed by ICMM (Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences). We concluded that the suitable producing areas in global for P. ginseng mainly included America, Canada, China, Russia, Japan, North Korea, France, Italy, Ukraine, and South Korea. In addition, the suitable producing areas in China mainly included Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Shanxi. Besides, based on the references and the experience of ginseng-producing and our many years' work on the 1,000-hectare plantation of P. ginseng, we established a standard land selection protocol for cultivation of P. ginseng. The use of GMPGIS to select the most optimum ginseng production regions provides a new scientific basis for introduction, cultivation, tending, protection, cultivation normalization for P. ginseng and the standard land selection protocol would lay a solid foundation for the high quality P. ginseng production.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Panax/growth & development , China , Ecology
10.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-307158

ABSTRACT

Through the development of ecological suitability analysis of producing area and the selection criteria of farmland cultivation in the global range of ginseng, we aim to provide scientific basis for rational planning, production layout and standardized planting of farmland. We analyze the data based on the ecological factors from 271 sample plots of Panax ginseng, including both the traditional producing regions recorded in past dynasties medicinal works and the popular production regions in the world, using global geographic information system for medicinal plant(GMPGIS) developed by ICMM (Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences). We concluded that the suitable producing areas in global for P. ginseng mainly included America, Canada, China, Russia, Japan, North Korea, France, Italy, Ukraine, and South Korea. In addition, the suitable producing areas in China mainly included Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Shanxi. Besides, based on the references and the experience of ginseng-producing and our many years' work on the 1,000-hectare plantation of P. ginseng, we established a standard land selection protocol for cultivation of P. ginseng. The use of GMPGIS to select the most optimum ginseng production regions provides a new scientific basis for introduction, cultivation, tending, protection, cultivation normalization for P. ginseng and the standard land selection protocol would lay a solid foundation for the high quality P. ginseng production.

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