ABSTRACT
A water-soluble polysaccharide identified here as ADP80-2 was acquired from Angelica dahurica. ADP80-2 was a gluco-arabinan composed of arabinose and a trace of glucose with a molecular weight of 9950 g/mol. The backbone of ADP80-2 comprised â5)-α-L-Araf-(1â, â3, 5)-α-L-Araf-(1â, â6)-α-D-Glcp-(1â, with a terminal branch α-L-Araf-(1 â residue. In terms of immunoregulatory activity, ADP80-2 can significantly promote the phagocytosis, the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the secretion of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α) of macrophage. In addition to the cellular immunomodulatory activities, the chemokines related to immunoregulation were significantly increased in the zebrafish model after treated with ADP80-2. These biological results indicated that ADP80-2 with immunomodulatory effects was expected to be useful for the development of new immunomodulatory agents. Simultaneously, the discovery of ADP80-2 further revealed the chemical composition of A. dahurica used as a traditional Chinese medicine and spice.
Subject(s)
Angelica , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Angelica/chemistry , Animals , Carbohydrate Conformation , Cytokines/metabolism , Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Mice , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , RAW 264.7 Cells , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Zebrafish/embryology , Zebrafish Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Polysaccharides (CP) extracted from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. In present study, CP was successfully modified to obtain its acetylated derivative Ac-CP. Its potential immunomodulatory activities on RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. Results showed that the acetylated polysaccharide Ac-CP could significantly stimulate macrophage proliferation, its actions were significantly stronger than that of the corresponding unmodified polysaccharide, CP. Meanwhile, the NO production activities of macrophages were not significantly enhanced by Ac-CP compared to CP group. In addition, both the phagocytic activity and levels of cytokines TNF-a, IL-1ß and IL-6 were enhanced in the RAW264.7 macrophages by stimulation of Ac-CP. These results indicated that the acetylated derivative Ac-CP could enhance the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and acetylation modification can enhance the immunomodulation function of CP, indicating the potential application of acetylated polysaccharide as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
Subject(s)
Immunologic Factors/chemistry , Juglandaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Acetylation , Animals , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , RAW 264.7 Cells , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Introducción: Se presenta una revisión que considera resultados de investigaciones que han centrado su atención en la búsqueda de compuestos obtenidos de plantas medicinales y hongos comestibles, capaces de estimular la respuesta inmunitaria. Objetivos: Recopilar y actualizar la información científica publicada acerca de las plantas medicinales y hongos comestibles activos sobre el sistema inmune. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos relacionados con la temática, en las bases de datos disponibles (PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, CUMED, MEDNAT) así como varios libros y sitios web. Resultados: En los estudios realizados se refiere como las principales plantas con actividad inmunomoduladora: Allium sativum (Liliaceae), Aloe vera (Aloaceae), Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae), Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) y Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). Diversos hongos comestibles activos sobre el sistema inmune han sido examinados: Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae), Grifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), Lentinus edodes (Agaricaceae), Pleurotus spp. (Pleurotaceae) y Schizophylum commune (Schizophyllaceae), entre otros. Asimismo se destacan las posibilidades que estas fuentes naturales podrían ofrecer en la manipulación de la respuesta inmune, al aumentar la calidad de vida de pacientes con inmunodeficiencias y cáncer. Conclusiones: El estudio de productos naturales derivados de plantas y hongos comestibles-medicinales ofrece amplias perspectivas para el desarrollo de nuevos agentes inmunomoduladores, eficaces y seguros. Se debe continuar trabajando en la identificación de los principios activos y en la dilucidación del mecanismo mediante el que actúan(AU)
Introduction: Present review asses the results of researches basing its attention in the search of compounds obtained from medicinal plants and mushrooms, able to stimulate the immune response. Objectives: To collect and to update the scientific information published on the medicinal plants and active mushrooms on immune system. Methods: A bibliographic search of scientific papers related to this subject matter in the available databases (PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, CUMED, MEDNAT) as well as some books and websites. Results: In studies conducted it is mentioned how the main plants with immunomodulation activity: Allium sativum (Liliaceae), Aloe vera (Aloaceae), Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia (Ribiaceae), Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiacear). Different active mushrooms on the immune system have been examined: Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae), Frifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), Lentinus edodes (Agaricaceae), Pleurotus spp. (Pleurotaceae) and Schizophylum commune (Schizophyllaceae) among others. Likewise, authors emphasized the possibilities that these natural sources could offer in management of immune response increasing the quality of life of patients presenting with immunodeficiencies and cancer. Conclusions: The study of natural products derived of medicinal plants and mushrooms offers many perspectives for the development of new effective and safe immunomodulation agents. It is necessary to continue working in the identification of the active principles and in the elucidation of the mechanism by means of they act(AU)
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Agaricales , Immune System/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Se presenta una revisión que considera resultados de investigaciones que han centrado su atención en la búsqueda de compuestos obtenidos de plantas medicinales y hongos comestibles, capaces de estimular la respuesta inmunitaria. Objetivos: Recopilar y actualizar la información científica publicada acerca de las plantas medicinales y hongos comestibles activos sobre el sistema inmune. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos relacionados con la temática, en las bases de datos disponibles (PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, CUMED, MEDNAT) así como varios libros y sitios web. Resultados: En los estudios realizados se refiere como las principales plantas con actividad inmunomoduladora: Allium sativum (Liliaceae), Aloe vera (Aloaceae), Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae), Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) y Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae). Diversos hongos comestibles activos sobre el sistema inmune han sido examinados: Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae), Grifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), Lentinus edodes (Agaricaceae), Pleurotus spp. (Pleurotaceae) y Schizophylum commune (Schizophyllaceae), entre otros. Asimismo se destacan las posibilidades que estas fuentes naturales podrían ofrecer en la manipulación de la respuesta inmune, al aumentar la calidad de vida de pacientes con inmunodeficiencias y cáncer. Conclusiones: El estudio de productos naturales derivados de plantas y hongos comestibles-medicinales ofrece amplias perspectivas para el desarrollo de nuevos agentes inmunomoduladores, eficaces y seguros. Se debe continuar trabajando en la identificación de los principios activos y en la dilucidación del mecanismo mediante el que actúan
Introduction: Present review asses the results of researches basing its attention in the search of compounds obtained from medicinal plants and mushrooms, able to stimulate the immune response. Objectives: To collect and to update the scientific information published on the medicinal plants and active mushrooms on immune system. Methods: A bibliographic search of scientific papers related to this subject matter in the available databases (PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS, CUMED, MEDNAT) as well as some books and websites. Results: In studies conducted it is mentioned how the main plants with immunomodulation activity: Allium sativum (Liliaceae), Aloe vera (Aloaceae), Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae), Morinda citrifolia (Ribiaceae), Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) and Mangifera indica (Anacardiacear). Different active mushrooms on the immune system have been examined: Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae), Frifola frondosa (Polyporaceae), Lentinus edodes (Agaricaceae), Pleurotus spp. (Pleurotaceae) and Schizophylum commune (Schizophyllaceae) among others. Likewise, authors emphasized the possibilities that these natural sources could offer in management of immune response increasing the quality of life of patients presenting with immunodeficiencies and cancer. Conclusions: The study of natural products derived of medicinal plants and mushrooms offers many perspectives for the development of new effective and safe immunomodulation agents. It is necessary to continue working in the identification of the active principles and in the elucidation of the mechanism by means of they act