Participação do Secretariado Permanente do Fórum de Macau em iniciativas de Saúde Global entre 2015 e 2022 / Participation of the Permanent Secretariat of Forum Macao in Global Health initiatives between 2015 and 2022

Resumo O Fórum para a Cooperação Econômica e Comercial entre a China e os Países de Língua Portuguesa, mais conhecido como Fórum de Macau, fundado em 2003, atua há 20 anos como elo entre a China e os países lusófonos. Desde 2016, o Secretariado Permanente do Fórum de Macau publica um anuário destacando as principais atividades realizadas pelo mesmo no ano anterior. Este artigo tem como foco analisar o papel do Fórum de Macau como organizador e mediador de iniciativas de Saúde Global através da análise de todos os artigos publicados em seus anuários entre 2016 e 2023. Foram encontradas 34 ocorrências de artigos tratando de algum tema relacionado à área da saúde, com quase dois terços relacionados à medicina tradicional chinesa, relatos de organização frequente de atividades que fomentam a cooperação internacional em saúde, além de uma ativa participação durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19. O Fórum de Macau é uma plataforma multilateral de diálogo entre a China, Macau e o mundo de fala portuguesa, tendo a pauta da saúde e a divulgação da medicina tradicional chinesa ocupado um espaço de destaque em seu anuário.

Abstract The Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries, better known as Forum Macao, founded in 2003, has been acting as a link between China and Portuguese-speaking countries for 20 years. Since 2016, the Permanent Secretariat of Forum Macao has published a yearbook highlighting the main activities it carried out in the previous year. This article focuses on analyzing Forum Macao's role as an organizer and mediator of Global Health initiatives by analyzing all the articles published in its yearbooks between 2016 and 2023. We found 34 articles dealing with a health-related topic, with almost two thirds related to traditional Chinese medicine, reports of frequent organization of activities that foster international cooperation in health, as well as active participation during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. Forum Macao is a multilateral platform for dialogue between China, Macao and the Portuguese-speaking world, with the health agenda and the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine occupying a prominent place in its yearbook.

Casearia Essential Oil: An Updated Review on the Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities.

Casearia species are found in the America, Africa, Asia, and Australia and present pharmacological activities, besides their traditional uses. Here, we reviewed the chemical composition, content, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) from Casearia species. The EO physical parameters and leaf botanical characteristics were also described. The bioactivities of the EOs from the leaves and their components include cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The main components associated with these activities are the α-zingiberene, (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, α-humulene, ß-acoradiene, and δ-cadinene. Data on the toxicity of these EOs are scarce in the literature. Casearia sylvestris Sw. is the most studied species, presenting more significant pharmacological potential. The chemical variability of EOs components was also investigated for this species. Caseria EOs have relevant pharmacological potential and must be further investigated and exploited.

Efeitos do treinamento da língua: revisão sistemática com metanálise / The effects of lingual training: a systematic review with meta-analysis

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia de exercícios mioterápicos no aumento da pressão e da força lingual. Buscou-se, de forma secundária, analisar quais os tipos de exercícios utilizados, os parâmetros de treinamento e os resultados funcionais obtidos. Estratégia de pesquisa Revisão sistemática da literatura guiada conforme as diretrizes do protocolo Prisma. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram efeitos do treinamento muscular da língua, sem limite quanto ao idioma ou ano de publicação. Análise dos dados Incluiu as etapas de eliminação de artigos duplicados; leitura de resumos e exclusão de estudos que não contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade; leitura na íntegra dos artigos selecionados com extração de informações importantes, reunidas em tabela; e metanálise, realizada por meio do método do inverso da variância. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. A qualidade da evidência foi avaliada pelo Sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados A metanálise indicou aumento significativo da pressão máxima anterior e posterior como efeito do treinamento. O exercício mais utilizado foi pressão de língua contra o palato, mas os parâmetros de treinamento variaram entre estudos, não sendo possível afirmar que exercícios isolados promovem melhora funcional. A qualidade da evidência foi considerada baixa. Conclusão Os exercícios mioterápicos promovem o aumento da pressão anterior e posterior da língua de indivíduos adultos, porém a qualidade dessa evidência é baixa. Há variabilidade quanto aos tipos de exercícios utilizados e parâmetros de treinamento. Não é possível afirmar que os exercícios promovem melhora funcional.

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the effectiveness of myotherapy exercises in increasing tongue pressure and strength. A secondary aim was to analyze the exercise types, training parameters, and functional results. Research strategies This systematic literature review was based on the Prisma protocol guidelines. Selection criteria The review included clinical trials that assessed the effects of tongue muscle training, with no restriction on the language or year of publication. Data analysis The steps included eliminating duplicates; reading abstracts and excluding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria; reading selected articles in full text, extracting important data, and gathering them in a table; and meta-analysis, using the inverse variance method. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading System of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Results The meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in maximum anterior and posterior pressure as an effect of training. The most performed exercise was tongue pressure against the palate. However, training parameters varied between studies, and whether exercises alone led to functional improvement cannot be stated. The quality of the evidence was considered low. Conclusion Myotherapy exercises increased anterior and posterior tongue pressure in adults, but the quality of this evidence is low. The studies used various exercise types and training parameters. It cannot be stated whether exercises alone led to functional improvement.

Abordagem interdisciplinar no tratamento da macroglossia na síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann: relato de caso / Interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of macroglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: case report

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a abordagem interdisciplinar no manejo da macroglossia em um caso de paciente com síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann, no período de dez anos. O acompanhamento iniciou pela equipe de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial, seguido da Fonoaudiologia, em função de dificuldades alimentares. Após avaliação clínica e instrumental, aos 8 meses de idade, iniciou-se a intervenção fonoaudiológica com foco na disfagia orofaríngea e na terapia miofuncional orofacial. Foi verificado, com 1 ano e 11 meses, ausência de sinais de alteração de deglutição em fase faríngea e melhora na postura de lábios e língua. Aos 3 anos, foram iniciados estímulos para retirada dos hábitos orais e o treino da função mastigatória. O tratamento ortodôntico para correção de mordida aberta anterior e mordida cruzada posterior unilateral iniciou-se aos 6 anos. Aos 7 anos e 5 meses de idade, constatou-se estabilidade do modo respiratório nasal e adequação da postura de repouso de lábios e língua. Aos 9 anos, em função de recidiva das alterações oclusais, optou-se pela redução cirúrgica da língua seguida de terapia miofuncional orofacial, retomada aos 9 anos e 3 meses. O resultado foi a correção da postura da língua na deglutição e a adequação da fala. A associação dos tratamentos, envolvendo Fonoaudiologia, Ortodontia e Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial foi considerada efetiva no manejo da macroglossia, resultando na adequação e equilíbrio das funções orofaciais.

ABSTRACT This study aims to report the interdisciplinary management of macroglossia in a Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patient during ten years. Clinical follow-up started by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery team, followed by Speech Therapy due to feeding difficulties. After clinical and instrumental evaluation, at 8 months old, the speech therapy intervention was indicated, focusing on oropharyngeal dysphagia and orofacial myofunctional therapy. At 1 year and 11 months, no signs of swallowing alteration in the pharyngeal phase and improvement in the posture of the lips and tongue were found. At the age of 3, stimulation to remove oral habits and train masticatory function were initiated. Orthodontic treatment to correct anterior open bite and unilateral posterior crossbite started at age 6. At 7 years and 5 months, there was stability in the nasal breathing mode and adequacy of resting posture of lips and tongue. At the age of 9, due to relapse of the occlusal alterations, surgical reduction of the tongue was indicated, followed by orofacial myofunctional therapy, restarted at the age of 9 years and 3 months. The result was the correction of the posture of the tongue during swallowing and speech adequacy. The association of treatments involving Speech Therapy, Orthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery was considered effective in the management of the macroglossia. It resulted in the adequacy and equilibrium of orofacial functions.

Molecular mechanism of Pyrrosia lingua in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: Network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experimental verification.

BACKGROUND: Evidence exists reporting that Pyrrosia lingua (PL, Xinhui Pharmaceutical, Polypodiaceae) alleviates nephrolithiasis in rat models. The precipitation of calcium oxalate may result in kidney stones, and the intestinal microbiota is critical for oxalate metabolism. Therefore, we attempt to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PL on nephrolithiasis and its association with gut microbiota. METHODS: Following differential flora analysis in gutMEGA, the network relationship of PL and nephrolithiasis was analyzed based on the TCMSP, DisGeNET and STRING databases. Moreover, the kidney stone model rats were fed with different doses of PL powder and PL extract. In addition, metabolomics technology was employed to identify the active ingredients in PL extract and the microbial metabolites in rat feces. RESULTS: The effect of PL on the nephrolithiasis was based on quercetin and kaempferol by mediating the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and regulating the expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, mitogen activated protein kinase 8, and secreted phosphoprotein 1. PL significantly reduced the levels of urine oxalic acid, urine calcium, and osteopontin (OPN) levels in rat models of nephrolithiasis. Notably, PL extract decreased these two indicators to lower levels. Furthermore, contents of Oxalobacter formigenes, Bacteriodetes, Bifidobacterium and Fecalibacterium were obviously reduced after treatment with PL extract. CONCLUSION: PL powder and its active extracts reduce the oxalate level in urine by regulating oxalate metabolism, thus ameliorating the damage of kidney tissues and preventing kidney stone formation. This study suggests the use of PL and its extracts as an alternative source of promising agents that might directly or indirectly inhibit the progression of kidney stone diseases.

Ethanolic extract of Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. ameliorates OVX-induced bone loss and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw is a common plant that has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in China and Korea to treat patients suffering from pain, vaginal bleeding and urolithiasis. However, the pharmacological effects of P. lingua on bone remain unknown. We investigated the anti-osteoporotic effects of an ethanolic extract of P. lingua (EEPL). We found that EEPL suppressed osteoclast differentiation by directly acting on osteoclast precursor cells. EEPL suppressed the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, a major transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis, by inhibiting RANKL-induced expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor/c-Fos, and activation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Moreover, administration of EEPL inhibited trabecular bone loss and weight gain in ovariectomized mice. Furthermore, we identified phytochemicals in EEPL that are known to exert anti-osteoclastogenic or anti-osteoporotic effects using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry analysis. Overall, the results of this study suggest that EEPL is effective therapeutic candidate that can be used to prevent or treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Casearia sylvestris Essential Oil Degradation Products Generated by Leaf Processing.

Casearia sylvestris is an endemic tree of the Latin America that the essential oil (EO) has anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective actions. This study evaluates the chemical composition of the EO from the volatile fractions of in natura, fresh, and dried C. sylvestris var. sylvestris and var. lingua leaves. For both varieties, the dried leaves presented higher EO yield as compared to fresh leaves. The major EO chemical components were (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, and humulene epoxide II. In both varieties, the content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons decreased and oxygenated sesquiterpenes increased on going from in natura to fresh and dried leaves, which indicated that leaf drying and hydrodistillation modified the volatile composition. The results also suggested that bicyclogermacrene and (E)-caryophyllene were oxidized during processing, to generate spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, respectively. C. sylvestris varieties and in natura, fresh, and dried leaves differed in terms of the chemical composition of volatiles, which could affect the EO biological activities.

Molecular structure and phylogenetic analyses of the complete chloroplast genomes of three original species of Pyrrosiae Folium.

Pyrrosia petiolosa, Pyrrosia lingua and Pyrrosia sheareri are recorded as original plants of Pyrrosiae Folium (PF) and commonly used as Chinese herbal medicines. Due to the similar morphological features of PF and its adulterants, common DNA barcodes cannot accurately distinguish PF species. Knowledge of the chloroplast (cp) genome is widely used in species identification, molecular marker and phylogenetic analyses. Herein, we determined the complete cp genomes of three original species of PF via high-throughput sequencing technologies. The three cp genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with sizes ranging from 158 165 to 163 026 bp. The cp genomes of P. petiolosa and P. lingua encoded 130 genes, whilst that of P. sheareri encoded 131 genes. The complete cp genomes were compared, and five highly divergent regions of petA-psbJ, matK-rps16, ndhC-trnM, psbM-petN and psaC-ndhE were screened as potential DNA barcodes for identification of Pyrrosia genus species. The phylogenetic tree we obtained indicated that P. petiolosa and P. lingua are clustered in a single clade and, thus, share a close relationship. This study provides invaluable information for further studies on the species identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of Pyrrosia genus species.

Molecular structure and phylogenetic analyses of the complete chloroplast genomes of three original species of Pyrrosiae Folium / 中国天然药物

Pyrrosia petiolosa, Pyrrosia lingua and Pyrrosia sheareri are recorded as original plants of Pyrrosiae Folium (PF) and commonly used as Chinese herbal medicines. Due to the similar morphological features of PF and its adulterants, common DNA barcodes cannot accurately distinguish PF species. Knowledge of the chloroplast (cp) genome is widely used in species identification, molecular marker and phylogenetic analyses. Herein, we determined the complete cp genomes of three original species of PF via high-throughput sequencing technologies. The three cp genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with sizes ranging from 158 165 to 163 026 bp. The cp genomes of P. petiolosa and P. lingua encoded 130 genes, whilst that of P. sheareri encoded 131 genes. The complete cp genomes were compared, and five highly divergent regions of petA-psbJ, matK-rps16, ndhC-trnM, psbM-petN and psaC-ndhE were screened as potential DNA barcodes for identification of Pyrrosia genus species. The phylogenetic tree we obtained indicated that P. petiolosa and P. lingua are clustered in a single clade and, thus, share a close relationship. This study provides invaluable information for further studies on the species identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of Pyrrosia genus species.

Caracterização do frênulo e dos aspectos da língua de indivíduos com esclerose sistêmica / Characterization of the frenulum and aspects of the tongue of individuals with systemic sclerosis / Caracterización del frénulo y de los aspectos de la lengua de individuos con esclerosis sistémica

A Esclerose Sistêmica é uma doença autoimune sistêmica, progressiva, de etiologia desconhecida e relativamente rara. Caracteriza-se pela excessiva deposição de colágeno no tecido conjuntivo, pelo espessamento da pele, comprometimento de órgãos nobres internos e do sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: Caracterizar o frênulo e os aspectos da língua de indivíduos com esclerose sistêmica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório clínico, observacional, do tipo relato de casos. Foi realizada avaliação clínica do frênulo e dos aspectos da língua com um grupo de estudo composto por onze sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, oriundos do serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário em parceria com o grupo de estudo em motricidade orofacial, ambos da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, e de um grupo controle pareado em número, idade e sexo, sem doenças reumáticas, selecionados por conveniência. O período de coleta dos dados foi de três meses (de setembro a dezembro de 2017). Resultados: A amostra do grupo de estudo revelou alterações clínicas na espessura, no tamanho e na coloração do frênulo, como também nos aspectos da língua de indivíduos com esclerose sistêmica, tais como hipertonia, alteração do formato da ponta da língua quando em elevação, telangiectasia entre outros de menor ocorrência. Conclusão: As características alteradas do frênulo e da língua dos sujeitos com essa afecção evidenciam o comprometimento do sistema estomatognático e a importância da atuação fonoaudiológica na Reumatologia.

Systemic sclerosis is a progressive, systemic autoimmune disease of unknown and relatively rare etiology. It is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen in the connective tissue, by the thickening of the skin, involvement of internal noble organs and the stomatognathic system. Objective: To characterize the frenulum and aspects of the tongue of individuals with systemic sclerosis. Method: This is a clinical, observational, case-report exploratory study. A clinical study of the frenum and aspects of the tongue was carried out with a study group composed of eleven subjects, of both sexes from the Rheumatology Department of the University Hospital in partnership with the study group on orofacial motor, both from the Federal University of Sergipe, and a control group matched in number, age and sex, without rheumatic diseases, selected for convenience. The data collection period was three months (from September to December 2017). Results: The study group sample revealed clinical changes in the thickness, size and color of the lingual frenum, as well as in the language aspects of individuals with systemic sclerosis, such as hypertonia, altered tongue tip shape when elevated, telangiectasia among others with lesser occurrence. Conclusion: The altered characteristics of the frenulum and the tongue of the subjects with this affection evidences the impairment of the stomatognathic system and the importance of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences performance in Rheumatology.

La Esclerosis Sistémica es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica, progresiva, de etiología desconocida y relativamente rara. Se caracteriza por la excesiva deposición de colágeno en el tejido conjuntivo, por el espesamiento de la piel, comprometimiento de órganos nobles internos y del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: Caracterizar el frenillo y los aspectos de la lengua de individuos con esclerosis sistémica. Metodo: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio clínico, observacional, del tipo relato de casos. Se realizó una evaluación clínica del frenillo y de los aspectos de la lengua con un grupo de estudio compuesto por once sujetos, de ambos sexos, oriundos del servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Universitario en asociación con el grupo de estudio en motricidad orofacial, ambos de la Universidad Federal de Sergipe y de un grupo control pareado en número, edad y sexo, sin enfermedades reumáticas, seleccionados por conveniencia. El período de recolección de datos fue de tres meses (de septiembre a diciembre de 2017). Resultados: La muestra del grupo de estudio reveló alteraciones clínicas en el grosor, el tamaño y la coloración del frenillo, así como en los aspectos de la lengua de individuos con esclerodermia sistémica, tales como hipertonía, alteración del formato de la punta de la lengua cuando en elevación, telangiectasia entre otros de menor ocurrencia. Conclusión: Las características alteradas del frenillo lingual de los sujetos con esa afección evidencian el deterioro del sistema estomatognático y la importancia de la actuación fonoaudiológica en la Reumatología.

Associação entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica da língua realizada em crianças / Association between aspects of clinical assessment of the tongue accomplished in children

RESUMO Objetivo Pesquisar a existência de associação entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica da língua. Métodos Estudo transversal observacional, com 80 crianças brasileiras, saudáveis, faixa etária entre 8 e 12 anos, sendo 36 (45%) do gênero masculino e 44 (55%) do gênero feminino. Foram avaliados aspectos da língua relacionados à morfologia, frênulo, mobilidade, praxias e força. Foram obtidas as associações entre os aspectos da avaliação clínica, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Houve associação entre largura e altura; entre extensão do frênulo e as provas de sugar a língua no palato, vibrar, protrair/retrair e tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e entre a fixação do frênulo no assoalho da boca e as provas de sugar a língua no palato e vibrar. A prova de estalar ápice de língua apresentou associação com estalar o corpo. Estalar a língua (ápice ou corpo) apresentou associação com sugar a língua no palato, vibrar, protrair/retrair, tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e força. A prova de sugar a língua no palato apresentou associação com vibrar, protrair/retrair, tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior e força de língua e a prova de vibrar a língua, com protrair e retrair e força de língua. Também houve associação entre protrair e retrair e tocar comissuras direita e esquerda e lábios superior e inferior. Conclusão Os aspectos da língua na avaliação clínica apresentaram associações entre si.

ABSTRACT Purpose Investigate the possible association between myofunctional aspects of the tongue clinical evaluation. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 80 healthy Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-12 years: 36 (45%) males and 44 (55%) females. The following aspects of the tongue were assessed: morphology, frenulum, mobility, praxis, and force. Association between the aspects of clinical evaluation was obtained considering a statistical significance level of 5%. Results The following associations were observed: between tongue width and height; between frenulum length and the tasks of sucking the tongue on palate, tongue vibration, tongue protrusion/retraction, and touching right and left commissures and upper and lower lips; between frenulum attachment to the floor of the mouth and the tasks of sucking tongue on palate and tongue vibration. In the snap task, tongue apex snap was associated with tongue body snap. Tongue snap (apex or body) was associated with sucking the tongue on palate, tongue vibration, tongue protrusion/retraction, touching right and left commissures and upper and lower lips, and tongue force. Sucking tongue on palate was associated with tongue vibration, tongue protrusion/retraction, touching right and left commissures and upper and lower lips, and tongue force. Tongue vibration was associated with tongue protrusion/retraction and tongue force. Association was also observed between the tongue protrusion/retraction task and touching right and left commissures and upper and lower lips. Conclusion Association between tongue aspects was verified in the clinical evaluation.

Reabilitação da força da língua utilizando biofeedback: relato de caso / Tongue strength rehabilitation using biofeedback: a case report

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico em que foi realizada a reabilitação da força lingual com estratégia de biofeedback. Trata-se de uma paciente de 20 anos de idade, cuja avaliação miofuncional orofacial evidenciou diminuição grave de força do terço anterior da língua e alterações na mobilidade e na coordenação linguais. A quantificação da pressão lingual foi realizada por meio do Iowa Oral Performance Instrument durante a elevação, a protrusão e a lateralização, tendo se verificado redução nos valores obtidos em todas as direções medidas em comparação aos padrões de normalidade. Foram realizadas 11 sessões de terapia, com frequência semanal, utilizando estratégia de biofeedback que consistia em jogos computacionais acionados pela língua. Um instrumento encaixado na cavidade oral funcionava como um joystick, sendo método de entrada para jogos digitais específicos. Em casa, a paciente realizou exercícios isométricos de pressão de ponta de língua contra espátula, retração exagerada de língua, afilamento lingual e isotônico de tocar comissuras e lábios alternadamente, diariamente. Após oito sessões, em relação à pressão na elevação, houve melhora de 28,6% para o ápice e 7,1% para o dorso. Quanto à protrusão, houve melhora de 123,5%. Nas medidas de lateralizações esquerda e direita, os valores aumentaram 53,8% e 7,4%, respectivamente. Após 12 sessões, percebeu-se melhora, em relação à avaliação inicial, de 35,7%, 7,4%, 164%, 76,9% e 40,7%, para elevação de ápice, de dorso, protrusão, lateralizações esquerda e direita, respectivamente. Apesar do aumento, valores preconizados na literatura, como normalidade para o sexo e a idade, não foram atingidos com 12 sessões.

ABSTRACT This research had the objective of reporting a clinical case in which the rehabilitation of tongue strength with biofeedback strategy was performed. This case report addresses a 20-year-old patient whose orofacial myofunctional evaluation revealed a severe decrease in the force of the anterior third of the tongue and changes in lingual mobility and coordination. The measurement of tongue pressure was performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) during elevation, protrusion and lateralization, and it was verified a reduction in the values ​​obtained in all measured directions, compared with normality patterns. We performed 11 sessions of therapy, with weekly frequency, using a biofeedback strategy that consisted of computer games controlled by the tongue. An instrument embedded in the oral cavity functioned as a joystick as the input method for specific digital games. The patient performed at home the isometric exercises of pressing the tip of the tongue against a spatula, exaggerated retraction of tongue, tongue tapering, and isotonic exercise of touching the commissures and lips alternately, daily. After eight sessions, in relation to the elevation pressure, there was an improvement of 28.6% for the apex and 7.1% for the dorsum. As for protrusion, there was an improvement of 123.5%. In the measurements of left and right lateralization, the values ​​increased 53.8% and 7.4%, respectively. After twelve sessions, it was observed an improvement of 35.7%, 7.4%, 164%, 76.9% and 40.7% in relation to the initial evaluation, for apex elevation, dorsum elevation, protrusion, and lateralization to left and right, respectively. Despite the increase, values ​​recommended in the literature as normal for sex and age were not reached after 12 therapy sessions.

[Lithagogue effects of Pyrrosia lingua from Guizhou province on experimental renal calculus in rats].

To screen the active fractions with lithagogue effects of Pyrrosia lingua from Guizhou province and preliminarily investigate its mechanism. The rats were fed with 1% ethylene glycol and 2% ammonium chloride to establish the nephrolithiasis models, which were used to evaluate thelithagogue effects of different polar fractions of P. lingua from Guizhou province. The level of urinary calcium and oxalic acid in urine, renal calcium, oxalic acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissues,as well as crystalline deposit and lithogenesis in renal tissues and the levels of creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the serum were detected. The effective compounds were inferred from the analysis of active fractions extract based on LC-MS technology. Petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction of P. lingua from Guizhou province can reduce renal oxalic acid and renal calcium concentration, increase urinary oxalic acid and urine calcium, with significant inhibitory effect on the formation of renal calculus in rats, significantly increase SOD and CAT activities in renal tissues, and significantly reduce MDA levels. LC-MS analysis showed that the caffeine, citric acid and tartaric acid among the compounds from petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction had lithagogue effects. Both the petroleum ether fraction and dichloromethane fraction of P. lingua from Guizhou province showed good effect on prevention and treatment of calculus in middle dose groups, and the mechanism may be associated with antioxidation, reducing calcium oxalate crystal deposition, and promoting calcium oxalatecrystal release, in addition, caffeine, citric acid and tartaric acid had lithagogue effects.

Estudo da língua segundo a medicina tradicional chinesa em praticantes de Lian Gong / A study of language according to traditional Chinese medicine in Lian Gong practitioners

Introdução: O modelo de cuidado biomédico já não é capaz de cuidar, sozinha, da população, que começa a procurar por práticas alternativas e complementares de cuidado. A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas traz a importância da visão do ser humano como ser integral e capaz do autocuidado, indicando práticas naturais de manutenção a saúde. Dentre as práticas integrativas está a medicina tradicional chinesa, que utiliza a inspeção da língua como um parâmetro de avaliação da condição de saúde e doença. O Lian Gong é uma prática física de autocuidado que visa melhora da qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Estudar a modificação dos parâmetros da língua segundo a medicina chinesa em praticantes de Lian Gong, antes e após o exercício, avaliar a queixa de dor inicial e após 3 meses de prática. Metodologia: Foi realizada um estudo observacional, longitudinal e prospectivo, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. A pesquisa consistiu na aplicação de questionário avaliando condição de saúde e tempo de prática do Lian Gong. Foi questionado também a presença de dor, antes e após a primeira atividade, após retorno de férias do grupo, e após 3 meses de atividade regular. Foram fotografadas as línguas dos praticantes nesses 3 momentos, avaliando suas características e possíveis modificações com a prática do exercício. Resultado: O Lian Gong se mostrou benéfico na disposição dos seus praticantes, no bem estar e na sensação de dor, principalmente para doenças crônicas. Quanto ás características da língua, a cor pálida foi o que mais se destacou no estudo. Conclusão: O grupo estudado já iniciou com a língua pálida, por isso os benefícios são imediatos, mas não se mantém a longo prazo. Para melhor resultado, seria sugestivo acrescentar orientações sobre hidratação, nutrição e meditação á fim de repor o Qi ( energia vital) e melhorar a condição de dor dos participantes.

Introduction: The biomedical care model is no longer able to take care of the population alone, which begins to look for alternative and complementary care practices. The National Policy on Integrative Practices highlights the importance of human beings as integral and capable of self-care, indicating natural health maintenance practices. Among the integrative practices is traditional Chinese medicine, which uses the inspection of the language as a parameter of evaluation of the health condition and disease. Lian Gong is a physical self-care practice that aims to improve the quality of life. Objectives: To study the modification of language parameters according to Chinese medicine in Lian Gong practitioners, before and after exercise, to evaluate the initial pain complaint and after 3 months of practice. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study of quantitative and qualitative nature was performed. The research consisted in the application of a questionnaire assessing health condition and time of practice of Lian Gong. It was also questioned the presence of pain, before and after the first activity, after returning from group vacations, and after 3 months of regular activity. The languages of the practitioners were photographed in these 3 moments, evaluating their characteristics and possible modifications with the practice of the exercise. Result: Lian Gong has proved beneficial in the disposition of its practitioners, in the well-being and the sensation of pain, mainly for chronic diseases. As for the characteristics of the tongue, the pale color was the most highlighted in the study. Conclusion: The study group has already started with the pale tongue, so the benefits are immediate, but it is not maintained in the long term. For best results, it would be suggestive to add guidelines on hydration, nutrition and meditation in order to restore Qi (vital energy) and improve the pain condition of the participants.

An analysis method for simultaneous screening of deoxyribonucleic acid-binding active compounds and investigating their mechanisms by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fluorescence detection technology.

DNA has been known as the cellular target for many cytotoxic anticancer agents over the years. Discovering DNA-binding compounds has become an active research area, while various DNA-binding mechanisms make the drug discovery even more difficult. In this article, we present a novel analysis method to rapidly identify specific DNA-binding compounds from Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) using DNA-dual-fluorescent probes, ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258, with the technology of ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry and dual-wavelength fluorescence detector (UFLC-DAD-MS(n)-DFLD). Sixty-two compounds were identified, of which 22 were found to be active in DNA-binding. After investigation of their dose-response behaviors and structure-activity relationships, chlorogenic acids and flavonoid glycosides were found to be DNA-binders via both minor groove-binding and intercalation modes. The precision, reproducibility and stability of this method were validated by vitexin. The established system was sensitive, precise, and reliable to be used for both screening of DNA-binding compounds and investigating of their mechanisms.

Estudo comparativo entre procedimentos diagnósticos para halitose: uma abordagem preliminar / Comparative study of diagnostic procedures for halitosis: a preliminary approach

Objetivo: Comparar a percepção e diagnóstico da halitose a partir de quatro procedimentos. Método: A amostra foi de 40 indivíduos do sexo masculino sem doenças sistêmicas ou problemas periodontais, não portadores de próteses ou aparelhos ortodônticos e nem usuários de antibióticos ou colutórios. Foram testados a autopercepção do hálito, percepção do hálito pelo "juiz do odor"; aferição dos Compostos Sulfurados Voláteis (CVS) pelo Brath Alert®; sialometria em repouso e estimulada com hiperbolóide e; teste BANA. Os resultados foram comparados pelos testes de Fisher, Qui-quadrado e Pearson com significância para 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que a autopercepção foi falha quando comparada à medição de CVS não sendo significante ao teste de Correlação de Pearson (p-valor > 0,01); já a avaliação pelo "juiz do odor" e a mesma medição de CVS obtiveram valores mais semelhantes, sendo essa correlação significante (p-valor < 0,01); a remoção da saburra foi fator determinante na diminuição dos CVS medidos, diminuindo de 16 para 2 o número de participantes com níveis 3 e 4, sendo significante o teste de Pearson (p-valor < 0,01); A comparação entre a presença de bactérias BANA positivas e halimetria foi significante (p-valor < 0,01) pelo teste de Fischer; a baixa produção de saliva em repouso também se mostrou influente, sendo nesse processo significante ao teste do Qui-quadrado. Conclusões: A auto-percepção é um procedimento falho para o diagnóstico. A avaliação organoléptica é importante no diagnóstico clínico da halitose. A saburra lingual relaciona-se com a formação dos compostos sulfurados voláteis. A presença de bactérias BANA positivas está associada a altos níveis de halimetria. A quantidade de produção de saliva fisiológica em repouso interfere nos níveis de compostos sulfurados voláteis.

Objective: To compare the diagnosis of halitosis with an individual's perception of halitosis through four different procedures. Method: Forty male individuals were conveniently selected for this study. The volunteers were free of systemic or periodontal diseases, had no dental prostheses and were not receiving orthodontic treatment. Also, the volunteers were not using any anti biotic treatment or mouth rinses. Four methods were applied in addition to the individual's auto-perception: organoleptic testing, oral malodor measurement, BANA test and measurement of both stimulated and resting whole saliva. Results: There was a significant correlation between the sulfide monitor test and the organoleptic testing (Pearson's test, p<0.01). There was also a positive association between the BANA and sulfide monitor tests (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01). Moreover, the results of the sulfide monitor test were lower after the removal of the tongue's bacterial plaque (p<0.01). There was a significant relationship between the resting whole saliva rate and the sulfide monitor test (Chi-square test, p<0.01). However, there was no correlation between sulfide monitor levels and the individual's auto-perception (Pearson's test, p>0.01). Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that: the individual's auto-perception is not reliable for the diagnosis of halitosis; organoleptic testing evaluation is important for the clinical diagnosis of halitosis; the plaque at the tongue dorsum is related to the formation of volatile sulfuric compounds; the presence of BANA-positive bacteria is related to higher levels of volatile sulfuric compounds; the amount of resting whole saliva interferes with the levels of production of volatile sulfuric compounds.