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1.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 48(17): 4589-4597, 2023 Sep.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37802798

ABSTRACT

The shortage of Paridis Rhizoma promotes comprehensive utilization and development research of waste aerial parts of the original plant. The chemical compositions of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis were clarified based on the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupoles time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) in the previous investigation, and a series of flavonoids and steroidal saponins were isolated. The present study continued the isolation and structure identification of the new potential compounds discovered based on UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. By using silica gel, ODS, flash rapid preparation, and other column chromatography techniques, combined with prepared high performance liquid chromatography, five compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and their structures were identified by spectral data combined with chemical transformations, respectively, as(23S,25R)-23,27-dihydroxy-diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-D-glucopyranoside(1),(25R)-26-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-furost-5-en-3ß,22α,26-triol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-ß-D-glucopyranoside(2),(25R)-27-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-5-en-3ß,27-dihydroxyspirost-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-ß-D-glucopyranoside(3),(25R)-27-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-5-en-3ß,27-dihydroxyspirost-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-D-glucopyranoside(4), and aculeatiside A(5). Among them, compounds 1-4 were new ones, and compound 5 was isolated from P. polyphylla var. chinensis for the first time.


Subject(s)
Liliaceae , Melanthiaceae , Saponins , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Saponins/analysis , Liliaceae/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Rhizome/chemistry , Molecular Structure
2.
Heliyon ; 9(6): e17027, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37342581

ABSTRACT

A novel PANI@CS solid-phase dispersive extractant combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the first time, which was used for high-throughput, multi-component, real-time online rapid pretreatment and quantitative classification of 16 mycotoxins from five different medicinal parts of 13 genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for separation and ESI detection. An internal standard isotope matching calibration was used for quantification purposes to compensate for matrix effects. The limits of detection (LOD) of 16 mycotoxins ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 µg/kg. The linear coefficients (R2) were ≥0.996 in the linear range from 10.0 to 200 µg/L. The recoveries of the 16 mycotoxins ranged from 90.1% to 105.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1.3% to 4.1%. Thirteen TCMs from five representative medicinal parts were selected and tested under the best sample preparation procedure and chromatographic analysis conditions. The results showed that the method could improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the sample analysis, improve the selectivity and reproducibility of the decolorization and purification of TCMs, which is suitable for the practical application of mycotoxin in trace analysis. This method can also provide a new idea for accurate, efficient, rapid and multi-component online detection of mycotoxins for quality and safety control of TCMs.

3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-979452

ABSTRACT

By reviewing the ancient and modern literature, the name, origin, medicinal parts and other aspects of Linderae Radix in famous classical formulas were systematically sorted out, so as to provide a basis for development of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Linderae Radix was first recorded in Bencao Shiyi in the Tang dynasty under name of Pangqi, and since Rihuazi Bencao of the Five dynasties, all generations of materia medica have used Wuyao as its proper name of the herb. The mainstream source of Linderae Radix used in the past dynasties is dried tuberous roots of Lindera aggregata contained in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The origins of Linderae Radix recorded in the past dynasties are mainly Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui and others, since the Song dynasty, Tiantai county in Zhejiang province has been regarded as the authentic producing place, in modern times, it is still the authentic place of origin. At harvesting, in ancient times, the harvesting time of the roots was mostly in August, while in modern times, Linderae Radix is mostly harvested in winter and spring or throughout the year, and is dried directly after harvesting or cut thin slices and dried in the place of production. At processing, Linderae Radix was processed by removing the peel and heart, wine roasting, vinegar roasting and other methods in ancient times, and in modern times, it is mostly used in raw form as medicine. In conclusion, it is suggested that the processing method of fresh slicing and drying in the place of origin in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be adopted if Linderae Radix is involved in the development of famous classical formulas.

4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-962642

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThe relevant laws among the growth habits, habitat, medicinal site and sex, taste and efficacy of rattan derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) were explored to strengthen the demonstration of the quality theory and to provide theoretical basis for the clinical use and resource development of rattan. MethodThe characteristics, effects, parts, families and growth habits of some TCM from rattan were analyzed. By referring to Chinese Flora, Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Materia Medica Dictionary and other literature, a total of 48 kinds of Rattan from Chinese medicines included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened out, and their property and meridian tropism, medicinal parts, habitat and classification of TCM were statistically analyzed. Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 were employed for statistical research. ResultThe results of the analysis of rattan derived Chinese medicine showed that in the families and genera, Tetrandaceae > Dioscorea > Leguminoa > Cucurbitaceae > Woodtonaceae, etc. In the nature, cold > warm > flat > cool > hot; Bitter > sweet > octane > acid. In the liver meridian, liver > lung > heart > spleen > stomach = bladder = kidney > large intestine. In medicinal parts, root and rhizome > vine stem > fruit seed > flower > vascular bundle = whole grass. In terms of habitat distribution, Guangdong > Guangxi > Yunnan > Fujian > Zhejiang, et al. In the classification of TCM, dispelling wind and dampness > clearing heat > improving water and dampness > promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. ConclusionRattan from TCM are mainly cold in nature, bitter in flavors, and entered liver meridian, and the root and stem of Rattan are mainly used in medicine, mostly distributed in the southeast coast of China. The main effects are to channel and activate collaterals, dispel wind and dehumidification, promote blood circulation and relieve pain, clear heat and detoxify. The morphology habit, growth environment and medicinal parts of Rattan from Chinese medicine were correlated with the property and efficacy. There was a certain correlation between the growth habits, habitat and medicinal site of rattan derived Chinese medicine and its sexual and taste effect, which provided reference for the development and utilization of rattan derived Chinese medicine resources.

5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-964952

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the name, origin, quality evaluation, producing area and processing methods of Lablab Semen Album in the famous classical formulas were researched by reviewing the ancient materia medica, medical books, prescription books and modern literature. The results showed that the name of Lablab Semen Album in the past dynasties was mostly derived from its shape and color, called Biandou and Baibiandou. The mainstream origin used in the past dynasties was Lablab purpureus, the medicinal parts were mainly white mature seeds, with the addition of the leaves in the Song dynasty and the flowers in the Ming dynasty. Since modern times, the authentic producing areas of Lablab Semen Album are Suzhou, Zhejiang and other places, and now mainly produced in Chuxiong and Xinping, Yunnan and Panzhihua, Sichuan. The traditional quality evaluation of Lablab Semen Album is evaluated as large, solid, full and white. The harvesting time of this herb is recorded from the eighth to the ninth lunar month in related literature, the pods are picked when the seeds are ripe, and the seeds are dried in the sun. In ancient times, the processing of Lablab Semen Album mainly consisted of frying the seeds with skin and then pulverizing for use, or soaking and peeling seeds for raw use. Based on the conclusion of the textual research, it is recommended that the seeds or flowers of the white flowering plants of L. purpureus, a member of the leguminosae, should be used in the famous classical formulas, and the dried seeds or dried flowers of Lablab Semen Album can be used as medicine if the formula did not clearly indicate processing requirements.

6.
Molecules ; 27(14)2022 Jul 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35889489

ABSTRACT

The chemical components and medicinal properties of different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis are often used as medicine after being divided into the head, body and tail of Angelica sinensis. In this study, the chemical components of different medicinal parts in different periods were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time, and the differences of the accumulation rules of chemical components in different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis were obtained. This study demonstrated that the differences of composition accumulation in different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis were mainly reflected in the types and relative contents of compounds. The study found that the number of compounds in different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis in each period were different and the change rules of the same compound in different medicinal parts were also different. The number of compounds in the tail of Angelica sinensis was the least in April, and the largest in October. The content of ligustilide in the body of Angelica sinensis was higher in April and was the highest in the tail in October. The relative content of butylidenephthalide in the head was the highest in October. The relative contents of senkyunolide A and butylphthalide in the head were decreased in October, while the contents in the body and tail increased, indicating that the compounds that accumulate in the head may transfer to the body and tail in later stages of growth. This study clarified the differences in the accumulation of chemical components in different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis, which could provide a theoretical basis for the reasons for the differences of chemical components in the different medicinal parts.


Subject(s)
Angelica sinensis , Plants, Medicinal , Angelica sinensis/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
7.
Nat Prod Res ; 36(17): 4498-4501, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34629007

ABSTRACT

Rhododendron Molle G. Don belongs to Ericaceae family. As a toxic traditional Chinese medicine, its roots, flowers, and fruit are often mixed and substituted arbitrarily to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic. To clarify the main chemical basis of each medicinal part, and provide sufficient scientific basis for clinical application, analysis using HPLC-ELSD of the roots, flowers, and fruit from R. molle was established, and characteristic chemical constituents of them were separated by tracking. The structures were determined by NMR methods. Finally, 16, 21, and 18 compounds were obtained from the roots, flowers, and fruit, respectively. Overall, 49 compounds were obtained, of which 25 were identified for the first time in R. molle. Meanwhile, among the obtained compounds, 12, 11, and 6 characteristic peaks were identified from the roots, flowers, and fruit, respectively. Thus, the basic chemical substances of the medicinal parts of R. molle were determined initially.


Subject(s)
Rhododendron , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flowers/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Roots , Rhododendron/chemistry
8.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 47(23): 6431-6437, 2022 Dec.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36604889

ABSTRACT

To explore the effect of the granules made by new-medicinal parts of Crocus sativus(NMPCS) on hyperuricemia(HUA) in rats, the rat model of HUA was established by intramuscular injection of 3% potassium oxonate and intraperitoneal injection of 4% pyrazinamide. The content of serum uric acid was monitored every week for 3 consecutive weeks. After the experiment, the levels of serum uric acid, urine uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and xanthine oxidase(XOD) were determined. The protein and gene expressions of XOD were determined by Western blot method and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR), and the morphological changes in the liver tissue were performed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The results showed that as compared with the model group, the levels of serum uric acid in the positive drug group and the low, medium, and high-dose NMPCS groups were lower(P<0.05), the levels of urine uric acid in the high-dose NMPCS group were decreased(P<0.01), and there was no statistical difference in the medium and low-dose NMPCS groups. The levels of BUN in the high and low-dose NMPCS groups were decreased(P<0.05), and the levels of serum creatinine did not change in the administration groups. The positive drug group and the low, medium, and high-dose NMPCS groups significantly reduced the liver damage, with only a few hepatocytes vacuolization and a small number of red blood cells in the central venous area. The nephridial tissue structure was slightly abnormal, with a small number of red blood cell infiltration, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was found in the glomerulus in these groups. No degeneration was found in renal tubular epithelial cells, with mild glomerular and tubular lesions and a small amount of sodium urate deposition and crystallization in the positive drug group and the low, medium, and high-dose NMPCS groups. The relative protein expressions of XOD in the positive drug group and the high dose NMPCS group were decreased(P<0.05), and the relative mRNA expressions of XOD in the positive drug group and the high and low-dose NMPCS groups were decreased as well(P<0.05). The above results show that NMPCS reduces uric acid in rats with HUA by regulating XOD, which provides a certain experimental basis for the development of NMPCS as a new medicine for the treatment of HUA.


Subject(s)
Crocus , Hyperuricemia , Kidney Diseases , Rats , Animals , Hyperuricemia/drug therapy , Hyperuricemia/genetics , Uric Acid , Creatinine , Xanthine Oxidase , Kidney
9.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-940321

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the name, origin, medicinal properties, specifications, clinical efficacy, producing area, quality evaluation and processing methods of Forsythiae Fructus in the famous classical formulas are researched by consulting related herbal literature, medical books and prescription books. The results showed that Forsythiae Fructus was sourced from Hypericum ascyron and its genus plants before Song dynasty, and it is used as medicine in many parts. After Song dynasty, Forsythiae Fructus is sourced from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Since the Ming dynasty, Forsythiae Fructus is divided into Qingqiao and Laoqiao according to different harvesting time. According to the research results, it is suggested to refer to the following suggestions for the application of Forsythiae Fructus in the development of famous classical formulas:①F. suspensa should be chosen as the origin since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ②If there is no special requirement for the source of prescriptions, it is recommended that Laoqiao be used in famous classical formulas since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ③The harvest time of Qingqiao should be from July 15th to August 15th, and Laoqiao should be in September, and it should be the husk after the seeds have been removed.

10.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 46(20): 5436-5442, 2021 Oct.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34738447

ABSTRACT

Liangmianzhen(Zanthoxyli Radix) has long been used as medicine. The current medicinal parts are different from those in the ancient. As recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, the medicinal part is root. However, in ancient works, the medicinal parts include root, stem, leaf, and fruit. In an attempt to find the historical basis that stem is a reasonable medicinal part, the herbalogical study was carried out on this medicinal based on the formal names, synonyms, original plant, medicinal parts, habitat of the medicinal plant, producing area, processing and preparation methods, efficacy, and indications recorded in ancient Chinese materia medica and local gazetteers. The results showed that Liangmianzhen was firstly recorded as a medicinal in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica with the formal name of "Manjiao". "Manjiao" was adopted from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty when it was changed to "Rudijinniu", the name originating from the folk in the south of the Five Ridges. Now, the formal name is "Liangmianzhen", which was firstly recorded in Wuxuan County Gazetteer in 1914 and then as a synonym in the Updated Records of Picking Herbs in the South of the Five Ridges. According to the formal names, synonyms, and the descriptions of the original plant, the medicinal plants of Liang-mianzhen have the characteristics of shrub-like young seedlings, vine adult seedlings, corymbiform thyrsus, stems with thorns, amphitropous golden-yellow roots with horn-like branches, and thorns on both sides of the leaves. Thus, "Manjiao", "Rudijinniu", and "Liangmianzhen" were from the same species of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Rutaceae), which was also verified based on the growth environment, habitat, processing and preparation methods, efficacy, and indications. In ancient times, the stem and root were the main medicinal parts and leaves and fruits were also used. However, in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, root is recorded as the only medicinal part, which is obviously inconsistent with the records in the ancient classics. In light of the limited medicinal resources for Liang-mianzhen, other medicinal parts of Z. nitidum is recommended. This study clarified the medicinal parts of Z. nitidum in history. It is recommended that the stem be added to the medicinal parts of Z. nitidum in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Materia Medica , Plants, Medicinal , China , Fruit , Medicine, Chinese Traditional
11.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 46(12): 2900-2911, 2021 Jun.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34467680

ABSTRACT

Paridis Rhizoma(PR) is prepared from the dried rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis(PPY) or P. polyphylla var. chinensis(PPC) in Liliaceae family. The rapid development of PPY or PPC planting industry resulted from resource shortage has caused the waste of a large number of non-medicinal resources. To clarify the chemical compositions in rhizomes, fibrous roots, stems, leaves, seeds and pericarps of PPC, and explore the comprehensive application value and development prospect of these parts, the qualitative and quantitative analyses on the different parts of PPC were carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). A total of 136 compounds were identified, including 112 steroidal saponins, 6 flavonoids, 11 nitrogen-containing compounds and 7 phytosterols. Rhizomes, fibrous roots, and seeds mainly contained protopennogenyl glycosides and pennogenyl glycosides; leaves and stems mainly contained protodiosgenyl glycosides and diosgenyl glycosides; pericarps mainly contained pennogenyl glycosides, followed by diosgenyl glycosides. The total level of four saponins was the highest in fibrous roots and rhizomes, followed by those in the pericarps and arillate seeds, and the lowest in the stems and exarillate seeds. This study can provide data support for the comprehensive development and rational application of non-medicinal parts of PPC.


Subject(s)
Liliaceae , Melanthiaceae , Saponins , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Rhizome , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
12.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-921690

ABSTRACT

Liangmianzhen(Zanthoxyli Radix) has long been used as medicine. The current medicinal parts are different from those in the ancient. As recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, the medicinal part is root. However, in ancient works, the medicinal parts include root, stem, leaf, and fruit. In an attempt to find the historical basis that stem is a reasonable medicinal part, the herbalogical study was carried out on this medicinal based on the formal names, synonyms, original plant, medicinal parts, habitat of the medicinal plant, producing area, processing and preparation methods, efficacy, and indications recorded in ancient Chinese materia medica and local gazetteers. The results showed that Liangmianzhen was firstly recorded as a medicinal in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica with the formal name of "Manjiao". "Manjiao" was adopted from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty when it was changed to "Rudijinniu", the name originating from the folk in the south of the Five Ridges. Now, the formal name is "Liangmianzhen", which was firstly recorded in Wuxuan County Gazetteer in 1914 and then as a synonym in the Updated Records of Picking Herbs in the South of the Five Ridges. According to the formal names, synonyms, and the descriptions of the original plant, the medicinal plants of Liang-mianzhen have the characteristics of shrub-like young seedlings, vine adult seedlings, corymbiform thyrsus, stems with thorns, amphitropous golden-yellow roots with horn-like branches, and thorns on both sides of the leaves. Thus, "Manjiao", "Rudijinniu", and "Liangmianzhen" were from the same species of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Rutaceae), which was also verified based on the growth environment, habitat, processing and preparation methods, efficacy, and indications. In ancient times, the stem and root were the main medicinal parts and leaves and fruits were also used. However, in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, root is recorded as the only medicinal part, which is obviously inconsistent with the records in the ancient classics. In light of the limited medicinal resources for Liang-mianzhen, other medicinal parts of Z. nitidum is recommended. This study clarified the medicinal parts of Z. nitidum in history. It is recommended that the stem be added to the medicinal parts of Z. nitidum in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia.


Subject(s)
China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fruit , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, Medicinal
13.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-905977

ABSTRACT

The recycling of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wastes is an important research topic to be solved urgently in the industrialization of TCM resources. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is a bulk Chinese herb mainly derived from Rheum palmatum,R. tanguticum,and R. officinale. At present,these three medicinal plants have been cultivated on a large scale and widely used in the fields of medicine,health care,food,cosmetics,and veterinary medicine,with an annual demand of more than 5 500 tons(1 ton=1 000 kg). However,a large number of wastes such as non-medicinal parts and residues produced in the production and deep processing are discarded because there is no effective way of utilization,resulting in serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. The non-medicinal parts contain not only the chemical components and pharmacological effects similar to those of roots and rhizomes but also a variety of amino acids,mineral elements,and conventional nutrients. They have a long history of use,and the content of some resource components is higher than that in roots and rhizomes. In particular,their stems and leaves exhibit great potential to be consumed as food and medicine due to high safety. Besides,the content of anthraquinones in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma residue is high and it possesses good antibacterial activity. It can be seen that the waste from the industrialization of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has high utilization value. Hence,based on the relevant literature and investigation on the application of producing areas in China and abroad,the paper summarized the utilization status of their medicinal and non-medicinal parts,the waste production in the industrialization,as well as the active substances and utilization ways and put forward the multi-level and multi-path utilization strategy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma wastes,in order to provide reference for the rational development and application of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma resources and promote the effective utilization and green development of the corresponding wastes.

14.
Molecules ; 25(23)2020 Nov 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33261214

ABSTRACT

It is thought that the therapeutic efficacy of Morus alba L. is determined by its biological compounds. We investigated the chemical differences in the medicinal parts of M. alba by analyzing a total of 57 samples (15 root barks, 11 twigs, 12 fruits, and 19 leaves). Twelve marker compounds, including seven flavonoids, two stilbenoids, two phenolic acids, and a coumarin, were quantitatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector and chemometric analyses (principal component and heatmap analysis). The results demonstrated that the levels and compositions of the marker compounds varied in each medicinal part. The leaves contained higher levels of six compounds, the root barks contained higher levels of four compounds, and the twigs contained higher levels of two compounds. The results of chemometric analysis showed clustering of the samples according to the medicinal part, with the marker compounds strongly associated with each part: mulberroside A, taxifolin, kuwanon G, and morusin for the root barks; 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and oxyresveratrol for the twigs and skimmin; chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, and quercitrin for the leaves. Our approach plays a fundamental role in the quality evaluation and further understanding of biological actions of herbal medicines derived from various medicinal plant parts.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Fruit/chemistry , Morus/chemistry , Phytochemicals/analysis , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation
15.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 45(3): 497-512, 2020 Feb.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32237506

ABSTRACT

To date, 205 compounds have been identified from different medicinal parts of Eucommia ulmoides, including lignans, iridoid terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, polysaccharides and others. Their pharmacological effects include blood pressure-lowering, blood sugar-lowering, blood lipids-regulating, prevention of osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, liver protection, anti-cancer and so on. Their efficacy and mechanism from different parts are slightly different. In this paper, the chemical composition, pharmacological action and mechanism of different parts of E. ulmoides were systematically summarized, as well as its quality control and processing research, to provide theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of E. ulmoides.


Subject(s)
Eucommiaceae/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Flavonoids , Iridoids , Lignans , Phenols , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Polysaccharides , Steroids , Terpenes
16.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-846217

ABSTRACT

Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) variety, quality and TCM resource theory, based on the consistency of clinical efficacy and the availability of Chinese medicinal materials, the change reasons had been analyzed and its change rule had been expounded in this paper from the perspective of the origin and medicinal parts of the Chinese medicinal materials in Chinese Pharmacopoeia of various editions. On the basis of this study, the future trend of the total number of Chinese medicinal materials, multi-base original varieties and multi-part varieties would been predicted in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the corresponding suggestions had been put forward according to deficiencies in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, so as to realize effective control of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

17.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-846028

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze and compare UPLC fingerprints of root, rhizome, stem, and leaf of Stephania tetrandra, learn the differences in chemical component types and contents of main active components, and provide basis for rational development and utilization of S. tetrandra. Methods: UPLC was used to obtain characteristic chromatograms of different parts; The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2012) was run to capture the common peaks of different parts and calculate their similarity and analyze the characteristic peaks of different parts. SPSS 23.0 was run to compare the difference in component contents of the roots and rhizomes using the paired sample t-test. Results: The similarity in chemical composition between root and rhizome was 0.928, indicating they have similar chemical composition, and both of them contained tetrandrine and fangchinoline, the index components. The similarity between rhizome and leaf was 0.947; The similarity was low between stem, leaf and root and rhizome, and there were no tetrandrine and fangchinoline in the first two parts. The results of paired samples t-test show that the total content of chemical components in rhizome was higher than that in roots, and the mainly difference came from other non-index components, but there was no significant difference between tetrandrine and fangchinoline. Conclusion: Significant differences are present in chemical composition types and contents of different medicinal parts of S. tetrandra; The type of chemical components in rhizome is similar to that in root, and the content of some components in rhizome is significantly higher than that in root, which means that rhizomes can be used as an equivalent of roots. Stems and leaves cannot be a substitute for roots because they do not contain tetrandrine and fangchinoline, but they contain many other chemical components which can be utilized as a new resource.

18.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 67-74, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-817380

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To make a textual research on ethnic medicine Paederiae Herba,and to provide reference for further research and comprehensive development and utilization of Paederiae Herba. METHODS:Five materia medica works such as Compendium of Materia Medica Collection and Examination of Plant Names and Actual Maps,55 modern materia medica works such as Chinese materia medica and Flora of China published from 1960 to 2016,and a number of literatures were synthesized and sorted out. The name,original species,origins,harvesting and processing,flavor and meridian tropism and so on of P. scandens were studied. Its mainstream varieties were mainly clarified and use of them in various nationalities were sorted out. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The name of“Paederiae Herba”was first recorded in the Qing Dynasty’s Examination of Plant Names and Actual Maps. The main variety of Paederiae Herba was Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr.,also known as “Jishiteng”. The medicinal part was the aboveground part. It distributed in bushes of hillsides,forests,forest margins,valleys and shrubs at an altitude of 200 to 2 000 meters or wound around shrubs. It was mainly produced in the Yangtze River Valley of China and its southern regions. The processing methods are mostly shade-drying or removing impurities,washing,cutting and drying. Its sweet, astringent,flat,and it can be used for digestion,pain relief,detoxification and clearing damp,and can be used for food retention, chest,abdomen and abdomen pain,eczema,sores,swelling and pain. It was used in the folk of Miao,Tujia and Zhuang nationalities in China. There are still some problems such as mixed varieties and different processing methods in the market circulation. All these have brought many challenges to the research of quality standard of Paederiae Herba.

19.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 43(14): 2884-2891, 2018 Jul.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30111046

ABSTRACT

The dried stigma of Crocus sativus (saffron) is a world&s precious spice and traditional medicine possessing plenty of pharmacological effects. Because the stigma represents only 7.4% of total weight of the fresh flower, when the stigma is separated from the flowers, large quantities of floral bio-residues are discarded. Accordingly, the utilization of the non-medicinal parts of saffron has drawn people&s attention. Studies showed that the non-medicinal parts of saffron were rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, et al. They were proved to have some pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant activity, antifungal activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation and liver protection. The paper is to review the current research progress on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of the non-medicinal parts of saffron, which can serve as a reference for the further research and development of non-medicinal parts of saffron.


Subject(s)
Crocus , Antifungal Agents , Flavonoids , Flowers , Plant Extracts
20.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 43(3): 631-636, 2018 Feb.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29600633

ABSTRACT

To clarify the change and development of the original plants, medicinal organs, traditional functions, resource distribution of "Huangjing"(Polygonati Rhizome), a traditional Chinese medicine, we investigated Polygonatum species on the ancient Chinese herbal texts. The name of "Nüwei" was first carried out in the book of Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic. Its effects included two aspects: one was similar to "Weirui"(Polygonati Odorati Rhizome, "Yuzhu"), that was tonifying, nourishing one's vitality, removing wind and dampness, settling five organs, making body lightness, keeping longevity and not being hungry; the second was alike to "Huangjing" recorded in the book of Ming Yi Bie Lu(Appendant Records of Famous Physicians). Specifically, "Weirui" possesses the therapeutic effect of "Nüwei", while "Huangjing" possesses the tonic effect of " Nüwei". Thereafter, the following ancient Chinese herbal texts kept those two names and function records. Accordingly, we hold the point of view that "Huangjing" was first carried out in the book of Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic in the synonym of "Nüwei". "Yuzhu" included the "Huangjing" in ancient herbal text before Qing Dynasty, that was further confirmed by the research on change and development of the original plants. The identification between "Yuzhu" and "Huangjing" was based on the shape of rhizome and size before early Tang Dynasty. The shape was a key character and used up to now, but size was not reasonable. The opposite phyllotaxy was an important character of authentic "Huangjing" from Tang to Qing Dynasty. The seedling of Polygonatum sibiricum and P. kingianum, the adult plant of P. cyrtonema with alternate leaves were misused as "Yuzhu"("Nüwei" and "Weirui") at that time. Therefore, both "Yuzhu" and "Huangjing" should be used as key words during the search of ancient prescriptions and development of new drugs and health foods. The leaves, flowers, fruits and seedlings could be used as food or medicine other than the rhizomes in ancient China, but they haven't been developed in modern times. The culture of "Huangjing" had a long history starting with Tang Dynasty, which was recorded in Tang poetry. Then in Ming Dynasty, the culture method was described in Compendium of Materia Medica, that was cutting the rhizomes into 2 feet, planting sparsely(they would be grown densely in the next year), or sowing the seeds. The harvesting and processing were first recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu: "harvest the roots in February, dry in the shade". Then the processing method was changed to "steaming and drying in the sun, repeatedly for nine times" in Shi Liao Ben Cao(Dietetic Materia Medica) and "harvesting in August as well" in Ben Cao Tu Jing(Commentaries on the Illustrations). No breakthrough has been taken in the breeding of cultivars and key cultivation technologies yet. As to the geo-authentic habitats, Mount Songshan and Maoshan were firstly recorded as the best producing areas of "Huangjing" in Ben Cao Tu Jing. But Maoshan, Jiangsu province and Mount Songshan, Henan province, are not main producing areas in modern China. Consequently, the plantation plan of Polygonati Rhizome needs further study.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Herbals as Topic , Materia Medica , Polygonatum/chemistry , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Rhizome/chemistry
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