ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infrared thermal imaging technology was used to observe the changes in infrared radiation temperature at acupoints in rats caused by chronic myocardial ischemia injury. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the difference of body surface infrared radiation temperature information of three groups of acupoints: bilateral Neiguan (PC6), bilateral Yanglingquan (GB33), and bilateral Sham Acupoints (SA) in the pathological state of myocardial ischemia injury, and to explore the relationship between acupoints and viscera state. METHODS: SPF adult Wistar male rats (n = 20) were randomly divided into a control (CTL; n = 10) and an isoproterenol group (ISO; n = 10). Chronic myocardial injury was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride for 14 d. On the second day after the establishment of the model, the serum levels of cardiac troponin (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The morphological changes of the myocardial tissue in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and their pathological scores were evaluated, which was then used to determine the myocardial ischemic injury. Two days before and after the establishment of the model, the electrocardiograms (ECG) of the two groups of rats were recorded by the (ECG) data acquisition system, and the infrared thermal imaging platform was used to detect the temperature of the six acupoints. RESULTS: 1. After subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride for 14 days, the ST segment of the ECG decreased in the ISO group compared with that of the CTL group; 2. Myocardial tissue injury was serious in the ISO group compared to the CTL group; 3. Serum cTn-I and CK-MB were significantly increased (P <0 01) in the ISO group, compared to that in the CTL group; 4. The infrared radiation temperature on the body surface of bilateral Neiguan (PC6) acupoints decreased significantly in the ISO group, compared to that of the CTL group. CONCLUSION: Infrared thermal imaging technology can be used to detect the changes in the energy state of acupoints. Chronic myocardial ischemic injury can cause a decrease in IR temperature on the body surface of bilateral Neiguan (PC6) acupoints, suggesting that visceral diseases can lead to changes in the energy metabolism of acupoints.
Subject(s)
Electroacupuncture , Myocardial Ischemia , Rats , Male , Humans , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Acupuncture Points , Temperature , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Ischemia/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) on arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Ten rats were randomly selected as the blank group, and the remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with 15 rats in each group. Before modeling, rats in the EA group received one session of EA intervention at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min; the other groups were treated with the same grasping and anesthesia for 30 min without intervention. PowerLab physiological recorder was used to record electrocardiograph within 30 min of infarction. After the experiment, cardiac tissue and serum were collected from rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue in the ventricular infarction area of rats in each group. The expression of Cx43 protein in the myocardium of each group was detected by Western blotting (WB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue and the serum content of endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) in rats. Results: There was no statistical difference in arrhythmia score between the EA group and the model group, but the total duration and average duration of arrhythmia in the EA group were decreased (P<0.01). HE staining showed that compared with the blank group, myocardial cells in the model group were disorganized and seriously damaged. The pathological changes in the EA group were similar to those in the model group, but the damage was relatively minor. The results of WB showed that compared with the blank group, the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue of the model group was decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Cx43 expression in the EA group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the blank group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the EA group was increased (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that compared with the blank group, the serum EDLF content in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the EDLF content in the EA group was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Neiguan (PC6) can delay and reduce the onset of arrhythmia during myocardial infarction in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue, improvement of the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue, and increase in the content of serum EDLF.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD),thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the Eight Confluent Points.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a blank group,a model group,an electroacupuncture(EA)group,and a Western medicine group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the blank group did not receive modeling or intervention.Rats in the other three groups were subjected to the FD with mood disorder model using the compound etiology modeling method.After the successful modeling,rats in the model group did not receive any interventions,rats in the Western medicine group received deanxit and mosaprid intervention,and those in the EA group received EA intervention on the ipsilateral Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)for 21 d.The sugar-water consumption rate was measured before the experiment and before and after interventions to assess the emotional status.The gastric emptying rate was measured after interventions to assess the gastrointestinal dynamics.The expression levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and adrenal corticosterone(CORT)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were decreased(P<0.01),and the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT expression levels were increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT were significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the EA group and the Western medicine group.The differences between the EA group and the Western medicine group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Eight Confluent Points Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)can improve the mood and gastrointestinal dynamics in FD rats,which may be achieved by down-regulating the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT,as well as by correcting the HPA axis hyperfunction.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of shallow and deep needling at "Neiguan"(PC6) in the treatment of arrhythmia in rabbits. METHODS: Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into saline (nï¼15), model (nï¼12), shallow needling (nï¼13) and deep needling (nï¼12) groups. The arrhythmia model was established by ear intravenous injection of Barium chloride (0.4%, 1 mL/kg). Acupuncture needle was inserted into the superficial fascia (about 3 mm beneath the skin) or deep layer (5 to 8 mm, near the median nerve) of local PC6 tissue (fore limb), manipulated for a while and then retained for 10 min. Histopathological changes of myocardium was observed after Hï¼E. stain, and the immunoactivity of connexin 43 (Cx43) detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). RESULTS: Various degrees of arrhythmia and down-regulated expression of myocardial Cx43 were observed in all rabbits after modeling. After EA intervention and compared with the model group, the initial time of arrhythmia and Cx43 expression were obviously increased (P<0.01), and the duration of arrhythmia was significantly shortened in both deep and shallow needling groups (P<0.01). Compared with the shallow needling group, the Cx43 expression was increased in the deep needling group (P<0.01). Hï¼E. staining showed disordered and wavy arrangement of myocardial fibers, with exudation of serous and erythrocytes in the myocardial interstitium in the model group, which was relatively mild in both needling groups. IHC showed disordered distribution of Cx43 in the ventricular myocytes and almost no obvious band-like distribution at the discs in rabbits of the model group, and abundant distribution of Cx43 in the sacral disc in the deep needling group, and strip-shaped, cluster-like, point-like, visible at both end-to-end connections and side-to-side connections in the shallow needling group. CONCLUSION: Both shallow and deep needling can significantly reduce the duration of arrhythmia in arrhythmia rabbits, which may be associated with its effect in up-regulating expression of myocardial Cx43 protein.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Animals , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Connexin 43 , Male , Myocardium , Plant Extracts , RabbitsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at "Neiguan" (PC6) on expression profiles of myocardial long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and mRNAs in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) mice, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying prevention of MIRI via regulating LncRNA expression. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham, model, and EA groups (n=4 in each group). The MIRI model was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch (ADB) of the left coronary artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. In the sham group, the ADB was only threaded beneath the artery without ligation. EA was applied to bilateral PC6 for 30 min prior to ischemia induction. Surgery was performed within 30 min at the end of EA stimulation. The expression profiles of differentially expressed LncRNAs and mRNAs in the left ventricular myocardium were analyzed by using LncRNA microarray. RESULTS: There was a significant diffe-rence in the expression pattern of LncRNAs and mRNAs among the sham, model and EA groups. A total of 1 693 LncRNAs and 2 858 mRNAs between the model and sham groups, and 3 859 LncRNAs and 1 343 mRNAs between the EA and model groups were identified to be differentially expressed candidates. According to Venn intersection analysis, LncRNAs with opposite regulative orientations in the model and EA groups were screened and defined as EA-related LncRNAs. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the EA-related LncRNAs predicted their roles to regulating post-traumatic stress and repairing of myocardial cells. Meanwhile, the proteins' function encoded by EA-related mRNAs mainly involved post-traumatic stress and inflammatory regulation. CONCLUSION: EA pretreatment at PC6 acupoint can produce extensive regulation on myocardial LncRNAs and mRNAs in MIRI mice, suggesting an involvement of LncRNAs in EA pretreatment induced improvement of MIRI. These results may provide direction and molecular basis for subsequent in-depth studies to reveal the underlying mechanisms of EA pretreatment for MIRI.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of shallow and deep needling at "Neiguan"(PC6) in the treatment of arrhythmia in rabbits. METHODS: Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into saline (n=15), model (n=12), shallow needling (n=13) and deep needling (n=12) groups. The arrhythmia model was established by ear intravenous injection of Barium chloride (0.4%, 1 mL/kg). Acupuncture needle was inserted into the superficial fascia (about 3 mm beneath the skin) or deep layer (5 to 8 mm, near the median nerve) of local PC6 tissue (fore limb), manipulated for a while and then retained for 10 min. Histopathological changes of myocardium was observed after H.E. stain, and the immunoactivity of connexin 43 (Cx43) detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). RESULTS: Various degrees of arrhythmia and down-regulated expression of myocardial Cx43 were observed in all rabbits after modeling. After EA intervention and compared with the model group, the initial time of arrhythmia and Cx43 expression were obviously increased (P<0.01), and the duration of arrhythmia was significantly shortened in both deep and shallow needling groups (P<0.01). Compared with the shallow needling group, the Cx43 expression was increased in the deep needling group (P<0.01). H.E. staining showed disordered and wavy arrangement of myocardial fibers, with exudation of serous and erythrocytes in the myocardial interstitium in the model group, which was relatively mild in both needling groups. IHC showed disordered distribution of Cx43 in the ventricular myocytes and almost no obvious band-like distribution at the discs in rabbits of the model group, and abundant distribution of Cx43 in the sacral disc in the deep needling group, and strip-shaped, cluster-like, point-like, visible at both end-to-end connections and side-to-side connections in the shallow needling group. CONCLUSION: Both shallow and deep needling can significantly reduce the duration of arrhythmia in arrhythmia rabbits, which may be associated with its effect in up-regulating expression of myocardial Cx43 protein.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation of "Shuigou" (GV26) and "Neiguan" (PC6) on neurological function and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in brain tissues around the intracerebral hematoma in rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), so as to explore its possible mechanisms underlying improvement of ICH. METHODS: Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, model, acupoint and non-acupoint (24 rats in each group). The ICH model was established by injection of the rat's autologous blood into the caudate nucleus. According to the time-points of 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after ICH, each of the 4 groups was further divided into 4 subgroups. For rats of the acupoint group, the PC6 on both sides was manually stimulated by manipulating the needle with lifting-thrusting-twisting reducing techniques, while the GV26 was stimulated with strong "sparrow-pecking" method for 10 times, then, left the needles in the acupoints for 30 min. For rats of the non-acupoint group, two non-acupoints: mid-spot below the bilateral axilla and the spot 3 mm above the left side of the coccyx tip were stimulated with the same methods to PC6 and GV26, respectively. For rats of the 6 h and 24 h subgroups, the intervention was given once after waking up from modeling, and for those of the 48 and 72 h subgroups, the intervention was conducted once a day for 2 or 3 times, respectively. The neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological function. The immunoactivity (expression) of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins of the hematoma focus of the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Following modeling, the NSS and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins in the brain tissues surrounding the hematoma at each time-points (6, 24, 48 and 72h) after modeling were significantly increased in the model group relevant to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the NSS at 72h and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins at 6, 24, 48 and 72h were significantly down-regulated in the acupoint group (P<0.05) rather than in the non-acupoint group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture of GV26 and PC6 can improve the neurological function in rats with ICH, which may be related to its function in reducing the expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 proteins (apoptosis-related proteins) in the brain.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture Points , Animals , Apoptosis , Brain , Cerebral Hemorrhage/genetics , Cerebral Hemorrhage/therapy , Hematoma/etiology , Hematoma/therapy , Male , Plant Extracts , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC6) of the Pericardium Meridian, "Shenmen" (HT7) of the Heart Meridianï¼"Shuigou" (GV26) of the Governor Vessel and "Zhaohai" (KI6) of the Kidney Meridian on myocardial and cerebral cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia (CI) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of CI based on the theory of "Heart-brain Correlation". METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into normal control, model, PC6, HT7, GV26 and KI6 groups (nï¼8 in each one). The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1.5 mA) was applied to the right PC6, HT7, GV26 or KI6 respectively for 30 min, once every 12 h for 5 times. The cell apoptosis of the ischemic myocardial and cerebral tissues was detected by TUNEL method, and the expression of cerebral and myocardial Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Following modeling, the cell apoptosis percentages and Bax-positive cells of both myocardial and cerebral tissues were significantly increased in the model group in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). After EA intervention, the cerebral apoptotic percentage and cerebral Bax-positive cells in the cerebral tissue of the PC6, HT7 and GV26 groups, and the myocardial apoptosis percentage in the PC6 and HT7 groups, as well as the myocardial Bax-positive cells in the PC6 group were obviously decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the cerebral Bcl-2 positive cells in the PC6, HT7 and GV26 groups, and the myocardial Bcl-2 positive cells in the PC6 and HT7 groups were significantly increased relevant to the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). No significant changes were found in the KI 6 group in the cell apoptosis index and percentages and Bax- and Bcl-2-positive cells of both myocardium and cerebral cortex tissues compared with the model group (P>0.05)ï¼. CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of PC6 and HT7 can inhibit CI injury induced cell apoptosis of cerebral and myocardial tissues in CI rats, which is possibly associated with its effects in down-regulating Bax expression and up-regulating Bcl-2 expression of both myocardial and cerebral tissues.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Electroacupuncture , Animals , Apoptosis , Brain , Female , Male , Myocardium , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , bcl-2-Associated X ProteinABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC6) of the Pericardium Meridian, "Shenmen" (HT7) of the Heart Meridian,"Shuigou" (GV26) of the Governor Vessel and "Zhaohai" (KI6) of the Kidney Meridian on myocardial and cerebral cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia (CI) rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of CI based on the theory of "Heart-brain Correlation". METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into normal control, model, PC6, HT7, GV26 and KI6 groups (n=8 in each one). The CI model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1.5 mA) was applied to the right PC6, HT7, GV26 or KI6 respectively for 30 min, once every 12 h for 5 times. The cell apoptosis of the ischemic myocardial and cerebral tissues was detected by TUNEL method, and the expression of cerebral and myocardial Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Following modeling, the cell apoptosis percentages and Bax-positive cells of both myocardial and cerebral tissues were significantly increased in the model group in comparison with the control group (P0.05).. CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of PC6 and HT7 can inhibit CI injury induced cell apoptosis of cerebral and myocardial tissues in CI rats, which is possibly associated with its effects in down-regulating Bax expression and up-regulating Bcl-2 expression of both myocardial and cerebral tissues.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare and explore the effects of needling acupoints at different nerve segmentson the oxytocin (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and the intragastric pressure, and discuss the possible mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-two healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were numbered and divided into 4 groups according to the random number table, a Zusanli (ST 36) group, a Neiguan (PC 6) group, a Weishu (BL 21) group and a control group, with 8 rats in each group. Except the control group, rats in the other three groups received acupuncture at the corresponding acupoints. To observe the differences in double-labeled OT neurons and c-fos neurons of the hypothalamic PVN and the intragastric pressure after acupuncture among the three groups of needling acupoints at different nerve segments. Results:Compared with the control group, the numbers of double-labeled cells in the PVN of the Zusanli (ST 36) group and the Neiguan (PC 6) group decreased significantly, while the intragastric pressure increased significantly (allP<0.05), and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The intragastric pressure in the Weishu (BL 21) group decreased significantly, and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the Weishu (BL 21) group, the numbers of OT/c-fos double-labeled cells in PVN of the Zusanli (ST 36) group and the Neiguan (PC 6) group decreased significantly, and the intragastric pressure increased significantly, the inter-group differences were statistically significant (allP<0.01). Conclusion:Acupoints at different nerve segments have different regulation effects on intragastric pressure. The difference may be related to the different nerve conduction pathways by acupoints at different nerve segments in regulating the intragastric pressure. The PVN may be one common integration center for the regulation of gastric function in the three acupoints [Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and Weishu (BL 21)] at different nerve segments.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture on the characteristics of neuro-electrophysiological activity in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a grasping group,a Western medicine group and an acupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,rats in the other 4 groups all received the combined stress modeling method.Rats in the Western medicine group were intragastrically administrated with paroxetine hydrochloride,those in the acupuncture group received acupuncture intervention,those in the grasping group received grasping fixation,and those in the model group and the blank group did not receive any interventions.After 14 d of intervention,the interspike interval (ISI) and power spectral densities (PSD) were analyzed and mapped by in vivo multiple channels to record the neuron clusters discharge in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas.Results:Compared with the blank group,ISI was prolonged in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the model group and the grasping group,and the concentrated PSD distribution area moved down (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the grasping group,the ISI of the CA1 and CA3 areas in the Western medicine group and the acupuncture group was shortened,and the concentrated PSD distribution area moved up (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ISI and PSD distributions in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the acupuncture group were not statistically different from those in the Western medicine group (both P>0.05).Conclusion:Both acupuncture and paroxetine hydrochloride can significantly regulate the neuro-electrophysiology activity of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas in PTSD rats,which may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture intervention to promote PTSD recovery.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the antihypertensive effects of tuina at Taichong (LR 3),Neiguan (PC 6) and Qiaogong (Extra) to screen the best tuina protocol for primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up.Methods:A total of 102 patients with primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up were randomly divided into a Taichong (LR 3) group,a Neiguan (PC 6) group and a Qiaogong (Extra) group according to the random number table,with 34 cases in each group.Patients in the three groups received 4-week tuina treatment with the corresponding acupoint respectively.The blood pressure was recorded by benchtop mercury sphygmomanometer before tuina,immediately after tuina treatment,30 min and 60 min after tuina treatment with the patient in a supine position in a quiet treatment room.The total effective rate was observed.Results:The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the three groups all decreased after treatment (all P<0.05).The decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at different time points after treatment in the Qiaogong (Extra) group and the Taichong (LR 3) group were better than those in the Neiguan (PC 6) group (all P<0.05).Qiaogong (Extra) group had the highest total effective rate though there was no statistical difference in the total effective rate among the three groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Treating primary hypertension due to liver-fire flaming-up with tuina at Taichong (LR 3),Neiguan (PC 6) and Qiaogong (Extra) can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively,among which Qiaogong (Extra) has the highest total effective rate.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on blood oxygen concentration in the brain of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS),thus to reveal the mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening the brain function of PTSD rats.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a grasping group,a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except the blank group,rats in the other groups all received incarceration plus electric shock for 7 d to prepare the PTSD animal model.One hour before the stress model was established,rats in each group received the designated intervention:rats in the blank group and the model group did not receive any intervention;rats in the grasping group received grasping and fixation;rats in the paroxetine group received paroxetine hydrochloride solution by intragastric administration;and rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture.Six-day treatment was a course,with 2 courses of treatment conducted for a total of 12 d.After the modeling,rats in each treatment group received intervention for 5 d,and the fNIRS system was used to collect and record the changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2),deoxygenated hemoglobin (d-Hb) and total hemoglobin (t-Hb) of the involved rat's brain regions,and also to assess the brain function.Results:Compared with the blank group,the concentration of HbO2 was significantly increased,the concentration of d-Hb was significantly decreased,and the concentration of t-Hb was significantly increased in the model group and the grasping group after the intervention,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the concentrations of HbO2,d-Hb and t-Hb in the grasping group did not change significantly (all P>0.05).Compared with the grasping group,the concentration of HbO2 was significantly decreased,the concentration of d-Hb was significantly increased,and the concentration of t-Hb was significantly decreased in the paroxetine group and the acupuncture group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the concentrations of HbO2,d-Hb and t-Hb between the paroxetine group and the acupuncture group (all P>0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can regulate the blood oxygen concentration in the brain of PTSD model rats,which may be an important mechanism of acupuncture in intervening the brain function in PTSD rats.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) for colonic motility and the expression of colon dopamine D 2 in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, and to explore the specificity of different meridians and different acupoints. METHODS: Forty Wistar newborn rats were randomly divided into blank, model, Tianshu and Neiguan groups. Separation of mother and child and acetic acid coloclyster combined with colorectal distension were used to establish IBS model in the model, Tianshu and Neiguan groups. At the age of 9 weeks, EA at bilateral ST 25 and PC 6 were applied in the corresponding groups 5 times, once every other day. After the intervention, the Bristol fecal score, the latent period of abdominal retraction reflex and the number of contraction waves were recorded. The expression of dopamine D 2 receptor was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the Bristol fecal score of the model group was higher (P<0.01), the 1st contraction wave latent period was shorter (P<0.01), the number of contraction waves in 90 s increased (P<0.01), the immunoreactive expression of D 2 receptor in colon decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Bristol fecal scores of the Tianshu and Neiguan groups decreased (P<0.01), the 1st contraction wave latent periods were longer (P<0.01), the numbers of contraction waves in 90 s decreased (P<0.01), the positive expressions of D 2 receptor in colon increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the Tianshu group, the immunoreactive expression of D 2 receptor in the Neiguan group decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: EA at ST 25 and PC 6 can improve the symptoms of colonic motility in IBS rats. The effect of EA at ST 25 is better, which indicates that different meridians and different acupoints play specific effects.
Subject(s)
Electroacupuncture , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Acupuncture Points , Animals , Humans , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) for colonic motility and the expression of colon dopamine D 2 in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, and to explore the specificity of different meridians and different acupoints. METHODS: Forty Wistar newborn rats were randomly divided into blank, model, Tianshu and Neiguan groups. Separation of mother and child and acetic acid coloclyster combined with colorectal distension were used to establish IBS model in the model, Tianshu and Neiguan groups. At the age of 9 weeks, EA at bilateral ST 25 and PC 6 were applied in the corresponding groups 5 times, once every other day. After the intervention, the Bristol fecal score, the latent period of abdominal retraction reflex and the number of contraction waves were recorded. The expression of dopamine D 2 receptor was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the Bristol fecal score of the model group was higher (P<0.01), the 1st contraction wave latent period was shorter (P<0.01), the number of contraction waves in 90 s increased (P<0.01), the immunoreactive expression of D 2 receptor in colon decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Bristol fecal scores of the Tianshu and Neiguan groups decreased (P<0.01), the 1st contraction wave latent periods were longer (P<0.01), the numbers of contraction waves in 90 s decreased (P<0.01), the positive expressions of D 2 receptor in colon increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the Tianshu group, the immunoreactive expression of D 2 receptor in the Neiguan group decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: EA at ST 25 and PC 6 can improve the symptoms of colonic motility in IBS rats. The effect of EA at ST 25 is better, which indicates that different meridians and different acupoints play specific effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method on the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),and to provide evidence for the effect mechanism study and clinical application of acupuncture intervention for PTSD.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group,a model group,a grasping group,a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in the other groups were subjected to preparing the PTSD models using 'incarceration plus electric shock' method.After interventions,changes in rat behavior of each group were observed;changes in resting-state EEG were collected and analyzed with multichannel EEG acquisition and analysis system,and image analysis and statistical processing were performed.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the average escape latency in the model group was significantly longer (P<0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly reduced (P<0.01).Compared with the grasping group,the average escape latencies in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly shortened (P<0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly increased (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the average escape latency,the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas between the acupuncture group and paroxetine group (all P>0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the α-wave power spectrum value in the model group was significantly decreased,and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were significantly increased (all P<0.01);compared with the grasping group,α-wave power spectrum values in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly increased (both P<0.01),and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were decreased significantly (all P<0.01).The power spectrum values of α-wave,β-wave,δ-wave and (e)-wave of rats in the acupuncture group were not significantly different from those in the paroxetine group (all P>0.05).Conclusion:Liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method can significantly improve the abnormal EEG activity in PTSD rats,which may be one mechanism of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method in effectively affecting the brain function in PTSD rats.
ABSTRACT
Acupuncture anesthesia is a technique by partially or completely replacing anesthetics with acupuncture in surgery based on the traditional acupuncture analgesia mechanism.It emerged in the 1950s,went viral in the 1970s and then gradually fell into decline.In the recent years,this technique has regained attention and further research.Acupuncture anesthesia can be classified as either pure acupuncture anesthesia or acupuncture-medication combined anesthesia.To expand the application of this technique,a patient with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome in urgent need of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) received pure acupuncture anesthesia because of an allergy to lidocaine,and the operation went successfully.This is the first time that pure acupuncture anesthesia and coronary arteriography were combined,which is of great significance in further study and development of acupuncture anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of pre-intervention with electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) plusα2-adrenoceptor (α2AR) agonist on peri-operative heart rate variability (HRV).Method A total of 120 patients going to receive lower limb orthopedic surgery were randomized into four groups by using the random number table, namely a control group (group A), an electroacupuncture group (group C), anα2AR agonist group (group D) and an electroacupuncture plus medication group (group N), 30 cases in each group. The indicators of heart rate variability (HRV), including the standard deviation of normal-to-normal (N-N) intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the average of N-N intervals (SDANN), root mean square successive differences (rMSSD), percentage of adjacent N-N intervals>50 ms apart (pNN50), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), LF/HF and total power (TP) were recorded 1 d prior and 1 d after the operation; meanwhile, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before incubation (T0), right after incubation (T1), 5 min after incubation (T2), right afterextubation (T3), 5 min after extubation (T4), 60 min after extubation (T5), and 180 after extubation (T6).Result In group N, the HR and MAP at the other time points were insignificantly different from those at T0 (P>0.05); in group A, the HR and MAP at T1-T6 were significantly different from those at T0 (P<0.05); in group C and D, the HR and MAP at T1-T4 were significantly different from those at T0 (P<0.05); the HR and MAP in group N were significantly lower than those in group A at T1-T6 (P<0.05) and were significantly lower than those in group C and D at T1-T4 (P<0.05); the HR and MAP in group C and D were significantly lower than those in group A at T5 and T6 (P<0.05). In group A, the LF, HF, LF/HF and TP 1 d after the operation were significantly increased compared to those 1 d prior to the operation (P<0.05); in group A and D, the SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, and pNN501 d after the operation were significantly lower than those 1 d prior to the operation (P<0.05); the LF, HF, LF/HF, and TP in group C, D and N were significantly lower than those in group A 1 d after the operation (P<0.05); the SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, and pNN50 in group C and N were significantly higher than those in group A and D 1 d after the operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Pre-intervention electroacupuncture plusα2AR agonist can improve the balance of cardiac sympathetic and vagus nerves, and better maintain the peri-operative hemodynamic stability.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) by observing the changes of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein(C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 gene expressions in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and explore whether the apoptosis pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the protective mechanisms of EA. Methods:Sixty rats were randomly assigned to five groups (12 in each group): a normal control group (group A), a sham-operation group (group B), an operation group (group C), an Edaravone group (group D) and an EA group (group E). The cerebral IRI rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using intraluminal monofilament. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was adopted in the measurement of cerebral infarction volume. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expressions of CHOP and caspase-12. Results: Compared with group A and group B, the volume of cerebral infarction and mRNA expressions of CHOP and caspase-12 in group C, group D and group E were increased, with statistical significances (P0.05). Conclusion:EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) can effectively suppress the volume of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Baihui (GV 20) is possibly related to the down-regulation of CHOP and caspase-12 mRNA expressions, so as to decrease cell apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of point Neiguan(PC6) electroacupuncture pretreatment on nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and mitochondrial membrane potential by determining NO, NOS and mitochondrial membrane potential in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI).Method Forty male SD rats were randomized to sham operation, ischemia/reperfusion model, point Neiguan electroacupuncture and point Huantiao(GB30) electroacupuncture groups, 10 rats each. The model was made by coronary artery ligation. Before model making, electroacupuncture was given to the point Neiguan electroacupuncture and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups, 20 min/d for a total of 7 d. T wave value in ECG leadⅡ was measured before and after model making. Myocardial pathomorphological changes were examined by HE staining. Serum NO and NOS contents were measured by a colorimetric nitrate reductase assay. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by fluorescence techniques.Result Serum NO and NOS contents and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly in the model group compared with the sham operation group (P<0.05). Serum NO and NOS contents increased significantly in the point Neiguan electroacupuncture group compared with the model, sham operation and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential increased significantly in the point Neiguan electroacupuncture group compared with the model, point Huantiao electroacupuncture and sham operation groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mitochondrial membrane potential between the model and point Huantiao electroacupuncture groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Point Neiguan electroacupuncture pretreatment has a preventive protecting effect on MIRI rats. It produces a protecting effect on myocardium by increasing the NO content, strengthening NOS activity, reducing a decrease in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting apoptosis.