[Effects of maltodextrin on water adsorption and thermodynamic properties of Codonopsis Radix spray-dried powder].

This study aims to reveal the effects of maltodextrin(MD) on the water adsorption and thermodynamic properties of Codonopsis Radix(DS) spray-dried powder by determining the moisture and energy changes of the powder in the process of moisture absorption. The static weighing method was used to obtain the isothermal water adsorption data of the spray-dried powder in 6 saturated salt solutions(KAc, MgCl_2·6H_2O, K_2CO_3, NaBr, NaCl, and KCl) at 3 temperatures(25, 35, and 45 ℃). Six models were used for fitting of the water adsorption process, and the most suitable model was selected based on the model performance. Furthermore, the corresponding net equivalent adsorption heat and differential entropy were calculated, and the adsorption entropy change was integrated. The linear relationship between net equivalent adsorption heat and differential entropy was drawn based on the entropy-enthalpy complementarity theory. The results showed that the water adsorption properties of DS and DS-MD spray-dried powder followed the type Ⅲ isotherm and was well fitted by the GAB model. The monolayer water content M_0 decreased with the increase in temperature. At the same temperature, the M_0 of DS spray-dried powder decreased after the addition of MD. The net equivalent adsorption heat and differential entropy of DS and DS-MD spray-dried powder decreased with the increase in water content, which presented a linear relationship. The addition of MD decreased the water activity corresponding to the lowest integral adsorption entropy of the powder, and the system became more stable. The results indicated that the spray-dried powder became more stable after the addition of MD.

Efficacy and mechanism of enhanced Sb(V) removal from textile wastewater using ferric flocs in aerobic biological treatment.

Antimony contamination from textile industries has been a global environmental concern and the existing treatment technologies could not reduce Sb(V) to meet the discharge standards. To overcome this shortcoming, ferric flocs were introduced to expedite the biological process for enhanced Sb(V) removal in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For this purpose, a series of laboratorial-scale sequential batch reactor activated sludge processes (SBRs) were applied for Sb(V) removal with varied reactor conditions and the transformation of Fe and Sb in SBR system was investigated. Results showed a significant improvement in Sb(V) removal and the 20 mg L-1 d-1 iron ions dosage and iron loss rate was found to be only 15.2%. The influent Sb(V) concentration ranging 153-612 µg L-1 was reduced to below 50 µg L-1, and the maximum Sb(V) removal rate of the enhanced system reached about 94.3%. Furthermore, it exhibited high stability of Sb(V) removal in the face of antimonate load, Fe strike and matrix change of wastewater. Sludge total Sb determination and capacity calculation revealed decreasing in Sb adsorption capacity and desorption without fresh Fe dosage. While sludge morphology analysis demonstrated the aging and crystallization of iron hydroxides. These results verify the distinct effects of fresh iron addition and iron aging on Sb(V) removal. High-throughput gene pyrosequencing results showed that the iron addition changed microbial mechanisms and effect Fe oxidized bacterial quantity, indicating Sb(V) immobilization achieved by microbial synergistic iron oxidation. The present study successfully established a simple and efficient method for Sb(V) removal during biological treatment, and the modification of biological process by iron supplement could provide insights for real textile wastewater treatment.

Break oily water emulsion during petroleum enhancing production processes using green approach for the synthesis of SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite from microorganisms.

The aim of this work was to synthesize a green nanoparticle SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite core-shell to break oily water emulsions during petroleum-enhancing production processes as an alternative to chemical and physical processes. In this study, eight bacterial isolates (MHB1-MHB8) have been isolated from tree leaves, giant reeds, and soil samples. The investigation involved testing bacterial isolates for their ability to make FeO nanoparticles and choosing the best producers. The selected isolate (MHB5) was identified by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Bacillus paramycoides strain OQ878685. MHB5 produced the FeO nanoparticles with the smallest particle size (78.7 nm) using DLS. XRD, FTIR, and TEM were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The jar experiment used SnCuO@FeO with different ratios of Sn to CuO (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) to study the effect of oil concentration, retention time, and temperature. The most effective performance was observed with a 1:1 ratio of Sn to CuO, achieving an 85% separation efficiency at a concentration of 5 mg/L, for a duration of 5 min, and at a temperature of 373 K. Analysis using kinetic models indicates that the adsorption process can be accurately described by both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. This suggests that the adsorption mechanism likely involves a combination of film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Regarding the adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir model provides a strong fit for the data, while the D-R model indicates that physical interactions primarily govern the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis reveals a ∆H value of 18.62 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic adsorption process. This suggests that the adsorption is a favorable process, as energy is released during the process. Finally, the synthesized green SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite has potential for use in advanced applications in the oil and gas industry to help the industry meet regulatory compliance, lower operation costs, reduce environmental impact, and enhance production efficiency.

Isolation and identification of a high-efficiency hexavalent uranium adsorption strain and preliminary study of the influencing factors and adsorption mechanism.

In this study, a bacterial strain Chryseobacterium bernardetii WK-3 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a uranium tailings in Southern China. It can efficiently adsorb hexavalent uranium with an adsorption ratio of 92.3%. The influence of different environmental conditions on the adsorption ratio of Chryseobacterium bernardetii strain WK-3 was investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was preliminarily discussed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the optimal adsorption conditions for U(VI) by Chryseobacterium bernardetii strain WK-3 were pH = 5, temperature 30 ℃, NaCl concentration 1%, and inoculation volume 10%. When the initial concentration of U was 50 ~ 150 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of Chryseobacterium bernardetii strain WK-3 to U(VI) reached the maximum and maintained the equilibrium at 44 h. SEM-EDS results showed that phosphorus in cells participates in the interaction of uranyl ions, which may indicate that phosphate was produced during cell metabolism and was further combined to form U(VI)-phosphate minerals. In summary, Chryseobacterium bernardetii strain WK-3 would be a promising alternative for environmental uranium contamination remediation.

Study on uranium ion adsorption property of porous glass modified with amidoxime group.

In this paper, we prepared three types of porous glasses (PGs) with specific surface areas of 311.60 m2/g, 277.60 m2/g, and 231.38 m2/g, respectively, via borosilicate glass phase separation. These glasses were further modified with amidoxime groups (AO) using the hydroxylamine method, yielding adsorbents named 1.5-PG-AO, 2-PG-AO, and 3-PG-AO. The adsorption performance of these adsorbents under various conditions was investigated, including sorption kinetics and adsorption mechanisms. The results reveal that the number of micropores and specific surface area of PG are significantly reduced after AO modification. All three adsorbents exhibit similar adsorption capabilities. Particularly, pH has a pronounced effect on U (VI) adsorption of PG-AO, with a maximum value at pH = 4.5. Equilibrium adsorption is achieved within 2 h, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 129 mg/g. Notably, a uranium removal rate of 99.94% is attained. Furthermore, the adsorbents show high selectivity in uranium solutions containing Na+ or K+. Moreover, the adsorbents demonstrate exceptional regeneration ability, with the removal rate remaining above 80% even after undergoing five adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption reaction of uranium on PG-AO involves a combination of multiple processes, with monolayer chemisorption being the dominant mechanism. Both the complex adsorption of AO and the ion exchange and physical adsorption of PG contribute to the adsorption of uranyl ions on the PG-AO adsorbents.

Ca-Mg modified attapulgite for phosphate removal and its potential as phosphate-based fertilizer.

The urgent concerns of controlling water body eutrophication and the alleviating phosphorus shortage have led to an urgent need for action. The removal of phosphate from polluted waters and its reuse are essential for the prevention of eutrophication and for the sustainable utilization of phosphate resources. In this study, modified attapulgite with different Ca:Mg molar ratios was synthesized to facilitate the recovery of phosphate, with subsequent use of soil fertilizer. Ca-Mg modified attapulgite with the optimal ratio (ACM-5:3) exhibited an exceptional adsorption quality, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 63.2 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, respectively. The adsorption mechanism analyses suggested that the interaction between ACM-5:3 and phosphate depended mainly on ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. Moreover, phosphate-laden-ACM-5:3 demonstrated a significant potential as a phosphorus-releasing fertilizer. It could promote corn growth by ensuring a continuous supply of phosphorus and minimizing phosphorus runoff losses. The above results suggested that ACM-5:3 was a potential adsorbent for efficient phosphate removal and recovery.

Effects of boiling water treatment on the physical properties of Quercus variabilis virgin cork grown in Korea.

The effects of boiling water treatment on the physical properties of Quercus variabilis virgin cork (Qv VC) were examined and compared with those of Quercus suber reproduction cork (Qs RC). The water treatment was conducted at 100 °C for 1 h. Qv VC showed a significantly higher dimensional change in the three directions and lower weight loss than Qs RC by boiling water treatment. Untreated and boiled Qv VC showed higher density, air-dried moisture content, red/green (a*) and yellow/blue (b*) chromaticity, overall color change, shrinkage in all three directions, moisture adsorption on the entire surface, and swelling per 1% moisture content than untreated and boiled Qs RC. However, the lightness (L*) and water absorption on each surface were higher for Qs RC than for Qv VC. Moisture adsorption on each surface was comparable before and after heat treatment for both species. After boiling water treatment, the air-dried moisture content, dimensions, volume shrinkage, water absorption, and moisture adsorption on each surface and the entire surface increased, whereas L*, a*, b*, and swelling per 1% moisture content decreased. The results of the present study could be useful for further utilization of Qv cork growing in Korea.

Tecoma stans floral extract-mediated synthesis of MgFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of coomassie brilliant blue dye.

Toxic organic dyes-containing wastewater treatment by adsorption and photocatalytic techniques is widely applied, but adsorbents and photocatalysts are often synthesized through chemical methods, leading to secondary pollution by released chemicals. Here, we report a benign method using Tecoma stans floral extract to produce MgFe2O4/ZnO (MGFOZ) nanoparticles for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) dye. Green MGFOZ owned a surface area of 9.65 m2/g and an average grain size of 54 nm. This bio-based nanomaterial showed higher removal percentage and better recyclability (up to five cycles) than green MgFe2O4 and ZnO nanoparticles. CBB adsorption by MGFOZ was examined by kinetic and isotherm models with better fittings of Bangham and Langmuir or Temkin. RSM-based optimization was conducted to reach an actual adsorption capacity of 147.68 mg/g. Moreover, MGFOZ/visible light system showed a degradation efficiency of 89% CBB dye after 120 min. CBB adsorption can be controlled by both physisorption and chemisorption while •O2- and •OH radicals are responsible for photo-degradation of CBB dye. This study suggested that MGFOZ can be a promising adsorbent and catalyst for removal of organic dyes in water.

Sustained release of Zn from zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) amplified the bioaccessibility of Zn in soil: Adsorption dynamics and dissolution kinetics.

Controlled-release micronutrient supplementation to provide better bioavailable zinc (Zn) under alkaline soil conditions is a concept of commercial pertinence for sustainable agriculture. High pH stable nano-scaled ZnS is the material under study in the present investigation where the adsorption dynamics and dissolution kinetics of sono-chemically synthesized zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) were evaluated in comparison to ZnSO4 in Lufa 2.2 soil for supplementation of Zn. The mechanism of adsorption of ZnS NPs and ZnSO4 onto Lufa 2.2 soil was well explained by fitting into the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudo-second order equation. ZnS NPs reflected the stronger ability to get adsorbed on the Lufa 2.2 soil as compared to metal ions, due to higher surface reactivity of NPs and higher Kf value (0.557) than ZnSO4 (0.463). Time relevant enhancement in extractability of Zn from ZnS NPs amended soil and diminution in extractability of Zn from ZnSO4 spiked soil was observed in bioavailability studies. The increased labile pool of Zn from ZnS NPs amended soil over time was due to their slow dissolution in soil and could be adjusted to consider as "sustained released ZnS NPs". Dissolution of ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) in Lufa 2.2 soil adhered to the first-order extraction model, exhibiting extended half-lives of 27.72 days (low dose) and 28.87 days (high dose). This supported prolonged stability, increased reactivity, and reduced ecological risk compared to conventional Zn salt fertilizers, promoting enhanced crop productivity.

Catalytic green synthesis of Tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles for phenolic compounds removal and molecular docking with EGFR tyrosine kinase.

In this study, tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) were successfully synthesized through an eco-friendly method using basil leaves extract. The fabricated SnO2 NPs demonstrated significant adsorption capabilities for phenol (PHE), p-nitrophenol (P-NP), and p-methoxyphenol (P-MP) from water matrices. Optimal conditions for maximum removal efficiency was determined for each phenolic compound, with PHE showing a remarkable 95% removal at a 3 ppm, 0.20 g of SnO2 NPs, pH 8, and 30 min of agitation at 35 °C. Molecular docking studies unveiled a potential anticancer mechanism, indicating the ability of SnO2 NPs to interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain and inhibit its activity. The adsorption processes followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Temkin isotherm model, revealing spontaneous, exothermic, and chemisorption-controlled mechanisms. This eco-friendly approach utilizing plant extracts was considered as a valuable tool for nano-sorbent production. The SnO2 NPs not only exhibit promise in water treatment and also demonstrate potential applications in cancer therapy. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) provided comprehensive insights into the results.

Potential Micronutrient Deficiencies in the First 1000 Days of Life: The Pediatrician on the Side of the Weakest.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study is to examine potential micronutrient deficiencies and any need for supplementation in children following specific diet plans in the first 1000 days of life. RECENT FINDINGS: Optimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life has a lifelong positive impact on child development. Specific intrauterine and perinatal factors, pathological conditions, and dietary restrictions can represent potential risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies in the first 1000 days of life, which can have negative systemic consequences. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants are intrinsically at risk because of immature body systems. Children affected by cystic fibrosis are prone to malnutrition because of intestinal malabsorption. The risk of micronutrient deficiency can increase in various situations, including but not limited to children following selective dietary regimens (vegetarian and vegan diets and children affected by specific neuropsychiatric conditions) or specific dietary therapies (children affected by food allergies or specific metabolic disorders and children following restricted diet as a part of therapeutic approach, i.e., ketogenic diet for epilepsy). In light of this situation, the micronutrient status in these categories of children should be investigated in order to tailor strategies specific to the individual's metabolic needs, with a particular focus on deficiencies which can impair or delay the physical and cognitive development of children, namely, vitamin B12, vitamin D and folic acid, as well as oligo-elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and essential fatty acids such as omega-3. Identification of micronutrient deficiency in the first 1000 days of life and timely supplementation proves essential to prevent their long-term consequences.

Advances in the Applications of Clinoptilolite-Rich Tuffs.

Adsorptive, catalytic, and antibacterial properties of clinoptilolite-rich tuffs (ZT) are presented here. ZT transformed into Fe-containing ZT (Fe-ZT) removes various organic and inorganic anions from water. Fe-ZT, which contains selenium, is beneficial for growing Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms. The fungi convert inorganic Se from Fe-ZT into a more useful organically bonded form. ZT and Fe-ZT as supplements retain nitrogen and potassium in sandy, silty loam and silty clay soils. ZT shows an affinity toward toxic metal cations, which are essential for cleaning contaminated water. The adsorption of atenolol, acetylsalicylic, and salicylic acid onto M-ZT (M-Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, or Zn2+) from water solutions suggests that both the natures of M and pharmaceuticals have a significant impact on the adsorption mechanism and determine the adsorption capability of the ZT. ZT is an excellent carrier for ultrafine (2-5 nm) nano oxide particles, which have been shown to have catalytic activity in different chemical processes and photodegradation reactions of organic pollutants. ZT can also be transformed into SO4-SnO2-ZT, which is catalytically active as a solid acid. M-ZT is an effective carrier of valuable bacteria. Ag-ZT possesses beneficial bactericidal activity in disinfecting water and soil remediation.

In vitro and in vivo remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by processed and amended clays and activated carbon in soil.

Remediation methods for soil contaminated with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are needed to prevent their leaching into drinking water sources and to protect living organisms in the surrounding environment. In this study, the efficacy of processed and amended clays and carbons as soil amendments to sequester PFAS and prevent leaching was assessed using PFAS-contaminated soil and validated using sensitive ecotoxicological bioassays. Four different soil matrices including quartz sand, clay loam soil, garden soil, and compost were spiked with 4 PFAS congeners (PFOA, PFOS, GenX, and PFBS) at 0.01-0.2 µg/mL and subjected to a 3-step extraction method to quantify the leachability of PFAS from each matrix. The multistep extraction method showed that PFAS leaching from soil was aligned with the total carbon content in soil, and the recovery was dependent on concentration of the PFAS. To prevent the leaching of PFAS, several sorbents including activated carbon (AC), calcium montmorillonite (CM), acid processed montmorillonite (APM), and organoclays modified with carnitine, choline, and chlorophyll were added to the four soil matrices at 0.5-4 % w/w, and PFAS was extracted using the LEAF method. Total PFAS bioavailability was reduced by 58-97 % by all sorbents in a dose-dependent manner, with AC being the most efficient sorbent with a reduction of 73-97 %. The water leachates and soil were tested for toxicity using an aquatic plant (Lemna minor) and a soil nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), respectively, to validate the reduction in PFAS bioavailability. Growth parameters in both ecotoxicological models showed a dose-dependent reduction in toxicity with value-added growth promotion from the organoclays due to added nutrients. The kinetic studies at varying time intervals and varying pHs simulating acidic rain, fresh water, and brackish water suggested a stable sorption of PFAS on all sorbents that fit the pseudo-second-order for up to 21 days. Contaminated soil with higher than 0.1 µg/mL PFAS may require reapplication of soil amendments every 21 days. Overall, AC showed the highest sorption percentage of total PFAS from in vitro studies, while organoclays delivered higher protection in ecotoxicological models (in vivo). This study suggests that in situ immobilization with soil amendments can reduce PFAS leachates and their bioavailability to surrounding organisms. A combination of sorbents may facilitate the most effective remediation of complex soil matrices containing mixtures of PFAS and prevent leaching and uptake into plants.

Rooibos tea waste binary oxide composite: An adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions and an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of ciprofloxacin.

In this study, rooibos tea waste (RTW) incorporated with a binary oxide (BO; Fe2O3-SnO2) has been reported for the first time as a highly efficient adsorbent material for the elimination of Ni(II) ions. The as-synthesised rooibos tea waste-binary oxide (RWBO) composite adsorbent was characterised using miscellaneous techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, BET, and XPS. The RWBO was then tested for the removal of Ni(II) in a batch adsorption experiment. The composite adsorbent showed a great removal efficiency of about 99.75% for Ni(II) ions at 45 °C, 180 min agitation time, pH 7, and dosage of 250 mg. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. Also, the spent adsorbent [RWBO-Ni(II)] was found to be solar light active with a narrow band gap of 1.4 eV. It was further used as a photocatalyst for the photocatalytic abatement of 10 mg/L ciprofloxacin with an extent of degradation of 83% obtained after 150 min. In addition, the extent of mineralisation of the ciprofloxacin by the spent adsorbent as obtained from the TOC data was found to be 64%. Overall, the RWBO composite adsorbent lends itself as an efficient, eco-friendly and promising material for environmental remediation.

Novel procedures for olive leaves extracts processing: Selective isolation of oleuropein and elenolic acid.

Several processes have been developed in the past to selectively extract oleuropein and its aglycones from olive derived materials. In the present manuscript, we outline a novel approach for processing olive leaves aqueous extracts. This allowed first to select microwave irradiation as the methodology able to provide a large enrichment in oleuropein. Subsequently, the use of lamellar solids led to the selective and high yield concentration of the same. Adsorption on solids also largely contributed to the long term chemical stability of oleuropein. Finally, an eco-friendly, readily available, and reusable catalyst like H2SO4 supported on silica was applied for the hydrolysis of oleuropein into hydroxytyrosol and elenolic acid. This latter was in turn selectively isolated by an acid-base work-up providing its monoaldehydic dihydropyran form (7.8 % extractive yield), that was unequivocally characterized by GC-MS. The isolation of elenolic acid in pure form is described herein for the first time.

UV/TiO2 photocatalysis as post-treatment of anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent for reuse.

Advanced oxidation processes have been widely applied as a post-treatment solution to remove residual organic compounds in water reuse schemes. However, UV/TiO2 photocatalysis, which provides a sustainable option with no continuous chemical addition, has very rarely been studied to treat anaerobically treated effluents. In the current study, the removal of organics and nutrients from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) effluent is evaluated during adsorption and photocatalysis processes under various conditions of TiO2 dose and UV intensity and compared to the effluent from an aerobic membrane bioreactor (AeMBR). The sequence for preferential adsorption on TiO2 was found to be phosphorus, inorganic carbon and then ammonia/organic carbon were found. The competing effect between the organics and nutrients, along with the low UV transmission efficiency caused by the need for high doses of TiO2, ultimately compromise the organic removal efficiency in the AnMBR permeate. TiO2 dosage was found to have a greater impact than UV intensity on improving the overall removal performance as nutrients are competing for the adsorption site but are not photodegraded. Under the same operational condition, the UV/TiO2 photocatalysis displayed a higher removal efficiency of organic matter and phosphorus in the AeMBR effluent due to a lower initial organics concentration and absence of ammonia as compared to the AnMBR effluent.

Nano La(OH)3 modified lotus seedpod biochar: A novel solution for effective phosphorus removal from wastewater.

Effective removal of phosphorus from water is crucial for controlling eutrophication. Meanwhile, the post-disposal of wetland plants is also an urgent problem that needs to be solved. In this study, seedpods of the common wetland plant lotus were used as a new raw material to prepare biochar, which were further modified by loading nano La(OH)3 particles (LBC-La). The adsorption performance of the modified biochar for phosphate was evaluated through batch adsorption and column adsorption experiments. Adsorption performance of lotus seedpod biochar was significantly improved by La(OH)3 modification, with adsorption equilibrium time shortened from 24 to 4 h and a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity increased from 19.43 to 52.23 mg/g. Moreover, LBC-La maintained a removal rate above 99% for phosphate solutions with concentrations below 20 mg/L. The LBC-La exhibited strong anti-interference ability in pH (3-9) and coexisting ion experiments, with the removal ratio remaining above 99%. The characterization analysis indicated that the main mechanism is the formation of monodentate or bidentate lanthanum phosphate complexes through inner sphere complexation. Electrostatic adsorption and ligand exchange are also the mechanisms of LBC-La adsorption of phosphate. In the dynamic adsorption experiment of simulated wastewater treatment plant effluent, the breakthrough point of the adsorption column was 1620 min, reaching exhaustion point at 6480 min, with a theoretical phosphorus saturation adsorption capacity of 6050 mg/kg. The process was well described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models, which indicated that this is a surface adsorption process, without the internal participation of the adsorbent.

Efficient Adsorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wastewater by Biochar.

Nitrogen and phosphorus play essential roles in ecosystems and organisms. However, with the development of industry and agriculture in recent years, excessive N and P have flowed into water bodies, leading to eutrophication, algal proliferation, and red tides, which are harmful to aquatic organisms. Biochar has a high specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and porous structure, which can effectively adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus in water, thus reducing environmental pollution, achieving the reusability of elements. This article provides an overview of the preparation of biochar, modification methods of biochar, advancements in the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by biochar, factors influencing the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by biochar, as well as reusability and adsorption mechanisms. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered and future research directions regarding the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by biochar were proposed, providing references for the future application of biochar in nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption.

[Adsorption Properties of Magnetic Phosphorous Camellia Oleifera Shells Biochar to Sulfamethoxazole in Water].

Magnetic phosphorous biochar （MPBC） was prepared from Camellia oleifera shells using phosphoric acid activation and iron co-deposition. The materials were characterized and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffractometry （XRD）， specific surface area and pore size analysis （BET）， Fourier infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. MPBC had a high surface area （1 139.28 m2·g-1） and abundant surface functional groups， and it could achieve fast solid-liquid separation under the action of an external magnetic field. The adsorption behavior and influencing factors of sulfamethoxazole （SMX） in water were investigated. The adsorbent showed excellent adsorption properties for SMX under acidic and neutral conditions， and alkaline conditions and the presence of CO32- had obvious inhibition on adsorption. The adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. The adsorption rate was fast， and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 356.49 mg·g-1. The adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic reaction， and low temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was mainly the chemisorption of pyrophosphate surface functional groups （C-O-P bond） between the SMX molecule and MPBC and also included hydrogen bonding， π-π electron donor-acceptor （π-πEDA） interaction， and a pore filling effect. The development of MPBC adsorbent provides an effective way for resource utilization of waste Camellia oleifera shells and treatment of sulfamethoxazole wastewater.

Efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution using poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide.

The efficient development of selective materials for uranium recovery from wastewater and seawater is crucial for the utilization of uranium resources and environmental protection. The potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants has been extensively investigated. Further modification of the functional groups on the basal surface of GO can significantly enhance its adsorption performance. In this study, a novel poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide (pAHA-GO) was synthesized via free radical polymerization followed by an oximation reaction, aiming to enhance its adsorption efficiency for U(VI). A variety of characterization techniques, including SEM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and XPS, were employed to demonstrate the successful decoration of amidoxime and hydroxamic acid functional groups onto GO. Meanwhile, the adsorption of U(VI) on pAHA-GO was studied as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, initial U(VI) concentration, and interfering ions by batch-type experiments. The results indicated that the pAHA-GO exhibited excellent reuse capability, high stability, and anti-interference ability. Specially, the U(VI) adsorption reactions were consistent with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isothermal adsorption models. The maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity was evaluated to be 178.7 mg/g at pH 3.6, displaying a higher U(VI) removal efficiency compared with other GO-based adsorbents in similar conditions. Regeneration of pAHA-GO did not significantly influence the adsorption towards U(VI) for up to four sequential cycles. In addition, pAHA-GO demonstrated good adsorption capacity stability when it was immersed in HNO3 solution at different concentrations (0.1-1.0 mol/L) for 72 h. pAHA-GO was also found to have anti-interference ability for U(VI) adsorption in seawater with high salt content at near-neutral pH condition. In simulated seawater, the adsorption efficiency was above 94% for U(VI) across various initial concentrations. The comprehensive characterization results demonstrated the involvement of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups in pAHA-GO in the adsorption process of U(VI). Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of the pAHA-GO composite used for the capture of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.