Comprehensive Identification of Ginsenosides in the Roots and Rhizomes of Panax ginseng Based on Their Molecular Features-Oriented Precursor Ions Selection and Targeted MS/MS Analysis.

Panax ginseng is widely used in Asian countries and its active constituents-ginsenosides-need to be systematically studied. However, only a small part of ginsenosides have been characterized in the roots and rhizomes of panax ginseng (RRPG) up to date, mainly because of a lack of the fragmentation ions of many more ginsenosides. In order to comprehensively identify ginsenosides in RRPG, molecular features of ginsenosides orienting precursor ions selection and targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis strategy were proposed in our study, in which the precursor ions were selected according to the molecular features of ginsenosides irrespective of their peak abundances, and targeted MS/MS analysis was then performed to obtain their fragmentation ions for substance characterization. Using this strategy, a total of 620 ginsenosides were successfully characterized in RRPG, including 309 protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, 258 protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides and 53 oleanane-type ginsenosides. It is worth noting that, except for the known aglycones mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 459, 475 and 455, twelve other aglycones, including m/z 509, 507, 493, 491, 489, 487, 477, 473, 461, 457, 443 and 441, were first reported in our experiment and they were probably the derivatizations of the protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol. Our study will not only help people to improve the cognition of ginsenosides in RRPG, but will also play a guiding and reference role for the isolation and characterization of potentially new ginsenosides from RRPG.

[Development of traditional Chinese medicine:New Era and new strategy].

As China's social development enters the New Era and the pursuit of healthcare is on the rise,people put forward the new requirements to traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) service capability. It is a great mission entrusted to practitioners to give full play to the unique characteristics and strengths of TCM. The development of TCM is currently confronted with important chances and challenges,and has entered a period of adjustment. In order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of TCM and enlarge people's sense of gaining in particular,it is vital to improve the contribution of TCM in China's medical and health services. My suggestions are as follows: ①The development of TCM should stay true to the vision of people's health-oriented development,accelerate shift of " three work emphasis",and scientifically construct five " should do" and five " should do even more" development path suited to features of TCM. ②The development of TCM should focus on the study of its " new four natures"( safety,effectiveness,controllability,accessibility) further,and pursue innovation-driven high quality development of TCM.

A new strategy for exploring herb-pair investigation with a case study on Astragali Radix-Corni Fructus in treatment of diabetic nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

As the smallest unit of traditional Chinese medicinal formula compatibility, herb-pair has the basic characteristic of traditional Chinese medicinal formula compatibility. In recent years, herb-pair investigation has attracted much attention, which is an indispensable part of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. With the decrease of the efficiency in the discovery of new drug, how to discover new drugs from traditional Chinese medicinal herb-pair has also been a bottleneck for the research and development of drug. The authors reviewed the domestic and foreign literatures in the latest years and summarized the current situations and the existing problems of herb-pair study. Based on these investigations, the authors innovatively proposed a novel concept of "precision herb-pair". Difference from traditional Chinese medicinal herb-pair or formulae with extensive roles and unclear efficacies, "precision herb-pair" belongs to a developed new mini herb-pair formula with an exact treatment and a relatively clear composition based on a certain specific disease. In addition, the authors also proposed a new strategy of "herb-pair - screen of multiple constituents based on column separation and in vitro cell viability - fuzzy target recognition pharmacology - re-evaluation of precision herb-pair", and successfully applied it to the development of a precision herb-pair from Astragali Radix-Corni Fructus in treatment of diabetic nephropathy. This proposed new strategy is simple, easy to carry out, and has a wide application, and can offer references and thoughts for the modern investigation of herb-pair and the research and development of new drug.

[A new strategy for exploring herb-pair investigation with a case study on Astragali Radix-Corni Fructus in treatment of diabetic nephropathy].

As the smallest unit of traditional Chinese medicinal formula compatibility, herb-pair has the basic characteristic of traditional Chinese medicinal formula compatibility. In recent years, herb-pair investigation has attracted much attention, which is an indispensable part of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. With the decrease of the efficiency in the discovery of new drug, how to discover new drugs from traditional Chinese medicinal herb-pair has also been a bottleneck for the research and development of drug. The authors reviewed the domestic and foreign literatures in the latest years and summarized the current situations and the existing problems of herb-pair study. Based on these investigations, the authors innovatively proposed a novel concept of "precision herb-pair". Difference from traditional Chinese medicinal herb-pair or formulae with extensive roles and unclear efficacies, "precision herb-pair" belongs to a developed new mini herb-pair formula with an exact treatment and a relatively clear composition based on a certain specific disease. In addition, the authors also proposed a new strategy of "herb-pair - screen of multiple constituents based on column separation and in vitro cell viability - fuzzy target recognition pharmacology - re-evaluation of precision herb-pair", and successfully applied it to the development of a precision herb-pair from Astragali Radix-Corni Fructus in treatment of diabetic nephropathy. This proposed new strategy is simple, easy to carry out, and has a wide application, and can offer references and thoughts for the modern investigation of herb-pair and the research and development of new drug.