ABSTRACT
Synbiotics, a combination of prebiotics and probiotics, produce synergistic effects to promote gastrointestinal health. Herein, we investigated the synbiotic interaction between the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG; a probiotic strain) and tagatose (a prebiotic) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis murine model. Initially, body weight, food intake, and clinical features were dramatically decreased after treatment with DSS, and the addition of LGG, tagatose, or both ameliorated these effects. In our pyrosequencing analysis of fecal microbiota, DSS treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased that of Firmicutes. When LGG and tagatose were administered as synbiotics, the gut microbiota composition recovered from the dysbiosis caused by DSS treatment. In particular, the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia was significantly associated with probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments. Taken together, our results suggest that LGG and tagatose as synbiotics can alleviate colitis, and synbiotics could be applied as dietary supplements in dairy foods such as yogurt and cheese.
Subject(s)
Colitis/chemically induced , Colitis/therapy , Hexoses/therapeutic use , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Synbiotics , Animals , Dextran Sulfate/toxicity , Feces/microbiology , Hexoses/administration & dosage , Iron Chelating Agents/administration & dosage , Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Lactobacillus , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/classification , Mice , MicrobiotaABSTRACT
Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to their potential applications in numerous sectors including food and feed industries. Among the emerging nutraceuticals, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche because of its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on beneficial gut bacteria. As d-tagatose is present in minute quantities in naturally occurring food substances, it is produced mainly by chemical or biological means. Recently, attempts were made for bio-production of d-tagatose using l-arabinose isomerase enzyme to overcome the challenges of chemical process of production. Applications of d-tagatose for maintaining health and wellbeing are increasing due to growing consumer awareness and apprehension against modern therapeutic agents. This review outlines the current status on d-tagatose, particularly its production, properties, biological role, applications, and the future perspectives.
Subject(s)
Aging/drug effects , Dietary Supplements , Hexoses/chemistry , Iron Chelating Agents/chemistry , Aldose-Ketose Isomerases/metabolism , Anti-Obesity Agents/chemistry , Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Bacillus subtilis , Corynebacterium glutamicum , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Hexoses/biosynthesis , Hexoses/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Lactococcus lactis , PrebioticsABSTRACT
The rapid increase of agricultural waste is becoming a burgeoning problem and considerable efforts are being made by numerous researchers to convert it into a high-value resource material. Onion waste is one of the biggest issues in a world of dwindling resource. In this study, the potential of onion juice residue (OJR) for producing valuable rare sugar or bioethanol was evaluated. Purified Paenibacillus polymyxaL-arabinose isomerase (PPAI) has a molecular weight of approximately 53kDa, and exhibits maximal activity at 30°C and pH 7.5 in the presence of 0.8mM Mn2+. PPAI can produce 0.99g D-tagatose from 10g OJR. In order to present another application for OJR, we produced 1.56g bioethanol from 10g OJR through a bioconversion and fermentation process. These results indicate that PPAI can be used for producing rare sugars in an industrial setting, and OJR can be converted to D-tagatose and bioethanol.