Canine Upper Digestive Tract 3D Model: Assessing Its Utility for Anatomy and Upper Endoscopy Learning.

A teaching strategy using 3D-printed models of the canine upper digestive tract (UDT) for anatomy demonstration and upper endoscopy instruction was evaluated. The canine UDT (esophagus-stomach-duodenum) was scanned and 3D-printed molds were manufactured using silicone casting. First-year students were introduced to these 3D models in practical sessions alongside real specimens. Simultaneously, fifth-year students were trained in endoscope handling and anatomical recognition using 3D specimens. Both groups completed an anonymous survey. Results showed that overall, first-year (n = 93) and fifth-year (n = 45) students agreed or strongly agreed that the 3D-printed model was effective for learning purposes. In summary, first-year students highlighted an improved understanding of size, volume, topography, and easier manipulation of the 3D model compared to fresh specimens. Fifth-year students were more enthusiastic, finding the 3D model valuable for spatial vision and clinical training. While both groups were against completely replacing the natural UDT with the 3D model, first-year students were more hesitant. These findings suggest that the 3D model of the canine UDT is an effective tool for hands-on training in clinical endoscopy and a valuable, albeit complementary, resource for teaching anatomy and topography.

Voltage and propagation mapping: New tools to improve successful ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.

INTRODUCTION: Mapping system is useful in ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) and localization of anatomic variances. Voltage mapping identifies a low voltage area in the Koch triangle called low-voltage-bridge (LVB); propagation mapping identifies the collision point (CP) of atrial wavefront convergence. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the relationship between LVB and CP with successful site of ablation and identify standard value for LVB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) maps of the right atria were constructed from intracardiac recordings using the ablation catheter. Cut-off values on voltage map were adjusted until LVB was observed. On propagation map, atrial wavefronts during sinus rhythm collide in the site representing CP, indicating the area of slow pathway conduction. Ablation site was selected targeting LVB and CP site, confirmed by anatomic position on fluoroscopy and atrioventricular ratio. RESULTS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients were included. LVB and CP were present in all patients. Postprocedural evaluation identified standard cut-off of 0.3-1 mV useful for LVB identification. An overlap between LVB and CP was observed in 23 (85%) patients. Procedure success was achieved in all patient with effective site at first application in 22 (81%) patients. There was a significant correlation between LVB, CP, and the site of effective ablation (p = .001). CONCLUSION: We found correlation between LVB and CP with the site of effective ablation, identifying a voltage range useful for standardized LVB identification. These techniques could be useful to identify ablation site and minimize radiation exposure.

Platelet rich fibrin and simvastatin-loaded pectin-based 3D printed-electrospun bilayer scaffold for skin tissue regeneration.

Designing multifunctional wound dressings is a prerequisite to prevent infection and stimulate healing. In this study, a bilayer scaffold (BS) with a top layer (TL) comprising 3D printed pectin/polyacrylic acid/platelet rich fibrin hydrogel (Pec/PAA/PRF) and a bottom nanofibrous layer (NL) containing Pec/PAA/simvastatin (SIM) was produced. The biodegradable and biocompatible polymers Pec and PAA were cross-linked to form hydrogels via Ca2+ activation through galacturonate linkage and chelation, respectively. PRF as an autologous growth factor (GF) source and SIM together augmented angiogenesis and neovascularization. Because of 3D printing, the BS possessed a uniform distribution of PRF in TL and an average fiber diameter of 96.71 ± 18.14 nm was obtained in NL. The Young's modulus of BS was recorded as 6.02 ± 0.31 MPa and its elongation at break was measured as 30.16 ± 2.70 %. The wound dressing gradually released growth factors over 7 days of investigation. Furthermore, the BS significantly outperformed other groups in increasing cell viability and in vivo wound closure rate (95.80 ± 3.47 % after 14 days). Wounds covered with BS healed faster with more collagen deposition and re-epithelialization. The results demonstrate that the BS can be a potential remedy for skin tissue regeneration.

Prostate Cancer Organoids for Tumor Modeling and Drug Screening.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the highly heterogenic PCa has shown difficulty to establish representative cell lines that reflect the diverse phenotypes and different stages of the disease in vitro and hence hard to model in preclinical research. The patient-derived organoid (PDO) technique has emerged as a groundbreaking three-dimensional (3D) tumor modeling platform in cancer research. This versatile assay relies on the unique ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to self-organize and differentiate into organ-like mini structures. The PDO culture system allows for the long-term maintenance of cancer cells derived from patient tumor tissues. Moreover, it recapitulates the parental tumor features and serves as a superior preclinical model for in vitro tumor representation and personalized drug screening. Henceforth, PDOs hold great promise in precision medicine for cancer. Herein, we describe the detailed protocol to establish and propagate organoids derived from isolated cell suspensions of PCa patient tissues or cell lines using the 3D semisolid Matrigel™-based hanging-drop method. In addition, we highlight the relevance of PDOs as a tool for evaluating drug efficacy and predicting tumor response in PCa patients.

Three-dimensional fluorescence combined with alternating trilinear decomposition and random forest algorithm for the rapid prediction of species, geographical origin and main components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao).

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) is a functional food whose quality varies significantly between distinct geographical sources owing to the influence of genetics and the geographical environment. This study employed three-dimensional fluorescence coupled with alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and random forest (RF) algorithms to rapidly predict Gancao species, geographical origins, and primary constituents. Seven fluorescent components were resolved from the three-dimensional fluorescence of the ATLD for subsequent analysis. Results indicated that the RF model distinguished Gancao from various species and origins better than other algorithms, achieving an accuracy of 94.4 % and 88.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the RF regressor algorithm was used to predict the concentrations of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in Gancao, with 96.4 % and 95.6 % prediction accuracies compared to HPLC, respectively. This approach offers a novel means of objectively evaluating the origin of food and holds substantial promise for food quality assessment.

Inkjet Printing of Pharmaceuticals.

Inkjet printing (IJP) is an additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits ink materials, layer-by-layer, to create 3D objects or 2D patterns with precise control over their structure and composition. This technology has emerged as an attractive and versatile approach to address the ever-evolving demands of personalized medicine in the healthcare industry. Although originally developed for nonhealthcare applications, IJP harnesses the potential of pharma-inks, which are meticulously formulated inks containing drugs and pharmaceutical excipients. Delving into the formulation and components of pharma-inks, the key to precise and adaptable material deposition enabled by IJP is unraveled. The review extends its focus to substrate materials, including paper, films, foams, lenses, and 3D-printed materials, showcasing their diverse advantages, while exploring a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications. Additionally, the potential benefits of hardware and software improvements, along with artificial intelligence integration, are discussed to enhance IJP's precision and efficiency. Embracing these advancements, IJP holds immense potential to reshape traditional medicine manufacturing processes, ushering in an era of medical precision. However, further exploration and optimization are needed to fully utilize IJP's healthcare capabilities. As researchers push the boundaries of IJP, the vision of patient-specific treatment is on the horizon of becoming a tangible reality.

Examining the Potential of Vitamin C Supplementation in Tissue-Engineered Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Constructs.

Because equine tendinopathies are slow to heal and often recur, therapeutic strategies are being considered that aid tendon repair. Given the success of utilizing vitamin C to promote tenogenesis in other species, we hypothesized that vitamin C supplementation would produce dose-dependent improvements in the tenogenic properties of tendon proper (TP) and peritenon (PERI) cells of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). Equine TP- and PERI-progenitor-cell-seeded fibrin three-dimensional constructs were supplemented with four concentrations of vitamin C. The gene expression profiles of the constructs were assessed with 3'-Tag-Seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); collagen content and fibril ultrastructure were also analyzed. Moreover, cells were challenged with dexamethasone to determine the levels of cytoprotection afforded by vitamin C. Expression profiling demonstrated that vitamin C had an anti-inflammatory effect on TP and PERI cell constructs. Moreover, vitamin C supplementation mitigated the degenerative pathways seen in tendinopathy and increased collagen content in tendon constructs. When challenged with dexamethasone in two-dimensional culture, vitamin C had a cytoprotective effect for TP cells but not necessarily for PERI cells. Future studies will explore the effects of vitamin C on these cells during inflammation and within the tendon niche in vivo.

Chinese expert consensus on the construction of the fluoroless cardiac electrophysiology laboratory and related techniques.

Transcatheter radiofrequency ablation has been widely introduced for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias. The demand for catheter ablation continues to grow rapidly as the level of recommendation for catheter ablation. Traditional catheter ablation is performed under the guidance of X-rays. X-rays can help display the heart contour and catheter position, but the radiobiological effects caused by ionizing radiation and the occupational injuries worn caused by medical staff wearing heavy protective equipment cannot be ignored. Three-dimensional mapping system and intracardiac echocardiography can provide detailed anatomical and electrical information during cardiac electrophysiological study and ablation procedure, and can also greatly reduce or avoid the use of X-rays. In recent years, fluoroless catheter ablation technique has been well demonstrated for most arrhythmic diseases. Several centers have reported performing procedures in a purposefully designed fluoroless electrophysiology catheterization laboratory (EP Lab) without fixed digital subtraction angiography equipment. In view of the lack of relevant standardized configurations and operating procedures, this expert task force has written this consensus statement in combination with relevant research and experience from China and abroad, with the aim of providing guidance for hospitals (institutions) and physicians intending to build a fluoroless cardiac EP Lab, implement relevant technologies, promote the standardized construction of the fluoroless cardiac EP Lab.

Nano-composite system of traditional Chinese medicine for ocular applications: molecular docking and three-dimensional modeling insight for intelligent drug evaluation.

The absorption of drugs was impeded in the posterior part of the eye due to the special structure. In addition, it was crucial to comprehend transport laws of molecules in ocular drug delivery for designing effective strategies. However, the current quality evaluation methods of the eye were backward and lack of dynamic monitoring of drug processes in vivo. Herein, nano-drug delivery system and three-dimensional (3D) model were combined to overcome the problems of low bioavailability and diffusion law. The model drugs were screened by molecular docking. The flexible nano-liposome (FNL) and temperature-sensitive gel (TSG) composite formulation was characterized through comprehensive evaluation. COMSOL software was utilized to build 3D eyeball to predict the bioavailability of drugs. The size of the preparation was about 98.34 nm which is relatively optimal for the enhanced permeability of the eyes. The formulation showed a stronger safety and non-irritant. The pharmacokinetics results of aqueous humor showed that the AUC of two drugs in this system increased by 3.79 and 3.94 times, respectively. The results of 3D calculation model proved that the concentrations of drugs reaching the retina were 1.90×10-5 mol/m3 and 6.37×10-6 mol/m3. In conclusion, the FNL-TSG markedly improved the bioavailability of multiple components in the eye. More importantly, a simplified 3D model was developed to preliminarily forecast the bioavailability of the retina after drug infusion, providing technical support for the accurate evaluation of ocular drug delivery. It provided new pattern for the development of intelligent versatile ophthalmic preparations.

Using geometric morphometrics to determine the "fittest" floral shape: A case study in large-flowered, buzz-pollinated Meriania hernandoi.

PREMISE: Floral shape (relative arrangement and position of floral organs) is critical in mediating fit with pollinators and maximizing conspecific pollen transfer particularly in functionally specialized systems. To date, however, few studies have attempted to quantify flowers as the inherently three-dimensional (3D) structures they are and determine the effect of intraspecific shape variation on pollen transfer. We here addressed this research gap using a functionally specialized system, buzz pollination, in which bees extract pollen through vibrations, as a model. Our study species, Meriania hernandoi (Melastomataceae), undergoes a floral shape change from pseudocampanulate corollas with more actinomorphically arranged stamens (first day) to open corollas with a more zygomorphic androecium (second day) over anthesis, providing a natural experiment to test how variation in floral shape affects pollination performance. METHODS: In one population of M. hernandoi, we bagged 51 pre-anthetic flowers and exposed half of them to bee pollinators when they were in either stage of their shape transition. We then collected flowers, obtained 3D flower models through x-ray computed tomography for 3D geometric morphometric analyses, and counted the pollen grains remaining per stamen (male pollination performance) and stigmatic pollen loads (female pollination performance). RESULTS: Male pollination performance was significantly higher in open flowers with zygomorphic androecia than in pseudo-campanulate flowers. Female pollination performance did not differ among floral shapes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is an "optimal" shape for male pollination performance, while the movement of bees around the flower when buzzing the spread-out stamens results in sufficient pollen deposition regardless of floral shape.

[Anatomical observation and CT three-dimensional reconstruction of Five-shu acupoints of Shaoyin Heart Meridian in rabbit's forelimb].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the location and anatomical structure of "Shaochong"(HT9), "Shaofu"(HT8), "Shenmen"(HT7), "Lingdao"(HT4) and "Shaohai"(HT3) in the rabbit's forelimb. METHODS: Sixteen rabbits (half male and half female) were used in the present study. By referring to the national standards on the location of acupoints in the human body and the literature about the location of acupoints in the rabbit, and by using the method of comparative anatomy, the location and needling operation of the Five-shu acupoints of Shaoyin Heart Meridian on the rabbit's forelimb were defined, and these acupoints were needled and CT three-dimensional reconstruction were conducted. Then, the rabbits were killed, and intravascular perfusion was performed, followed by inserting acupuncture needles into these five acupoints for observing the anatomical relationship between the inserted acupuncture needle and the structure of surrounding tissues. RESULTS: HT9 is located at the medial side of the little finger of forelimb, about 1 mm beside the nail root, and is adjacent to the superficial flexor tendon of the finger, the dorsal branches of the proper palmar digital artery and vein, and the endings of dorsal branch of palmar digital proper nerve of the ulnar nerve on the fifth finger side. HT8 is located at the palm side of the forelimb, horizontally parallel to the proximal end of the 5th metacarpophalangeal joint and between the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones, and is adjacent to the lumbricalis, the 4th and 5th interossei, and common palmar digital artery and vein and the palmar digital proper nerve of the ulnar nerve. HT7 is located at the medial margin of the extensor carpal tendon on the ulnar side, between the distal end of the ulna and the ulnar carpal bone, and is adjacent to the tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris, ulnar artery, ulnar vein and ulnar nerve. HT4 is located at the medial border of the ulnar flexor tendon, about 1.5 cun superior to HT7, and is adjacent to extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, ulnar artery, vein and ulnar nerve. HT3 is located at the depression, medial to the condyle of humerus when the elbow is bent at 90°, its neighbor structure is composed of pronator teres, biceps brachii, brachial artery and vein, radial collateral artery, radial collateral vein, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and median nerve. CONCLUSION: In the rabbit, there is a close relationship between HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 regions and brachial vascular and its branches, cephalic vein and its branches, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve, which is the morphological basis of the Five-shu acupoints of Shaoyin Heart Meridian for treating some related clinical disorders.

Three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram by online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Application to the identification and differentiation of ginseng from herbal medicines to various Chinese patent medicines.

One bottleneck problem in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the accurate identification of easily confused herbal medicines from Chinese patent medicine (CPM). Ginseng products derived from the multiple parts (e.g., root/rhizome, leaf, and flower bud) of multiple Panax species (P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, and P. japonicus var. major) are globally popular; however, their authentication is very challenging. Using online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC), we propose the concept of a three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram (3D CC) by integrating enhanced LC × LC separation and a contour plot that visualizes the stereoscopic chromatographic peaks and examine its performance in authenticating various ginseng products. Targeted at the resolution of 17 ginsenoside markers, an online LC × LC/UV system with a 56 min analysis time was constructed: a CORTECS UPLC Shield RP 18 column running at 0.1 mL/min for the first-dimensional chromatography and a Poroshell SB-Aq column at 2.0 mL/min in shift gradient mode in the second dimension of separation. In particular, ginsenosides Rg1/Re and Rc/Ra1 were well resolved. According to the presence/absence of stereo peaks consistent with the main ginsenoside markers in the 3D CC and the depth of shade (depending on peak volume), it was feasible to use a single method to identify and distinguish among 12 different ginseng species as the drug materials and the use of ginseng simultaneously from 21 CPMs. Conclusively, a practical solution enabling the accurate identification of easily confused TCMs was provided, covering both the drug materials and the compound preparations.

Identification of Human Body Fluid Stains and Non-Biological Stains by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVES: To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. METHODS: The collected three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of human saliva, 3% blood, coffee and Fanta® stains were processed with dimensionality reduction. After wavelet transform, spectral denoising and feature extraction, the classification formula was established. The Fisher discriminant was used for spectrum matching and recognition to establish the analysis method to distinguish stain types. RESULTS: According to the results of data training and comparison, all the recognition accuracies of Fanta®, coffee, saliva and blood were more than 91.39%. Among them, saliva reached 100% recognition accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid and nondestructive identification of biological and non-biological stains.

Colour stability of 3D-Printed orthodontic brackets using filled resins.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of common beverages and accelerated aging on the colour stability of filled resins, which could potentially be used for fabrication of 3D-printed orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: GR-17.1 (shades A1, A2, and A3), and GR-10 Guide resins (pro3dure medical, Eden Prairie, MN) were printed on an Asiga MAX UV printer into discs 2 mm thick, with a diameter of 10 mm, and then post-print processed as per manufacturer's instructions. Discs were immersed in 5 mL of coffee, tea, red wine, or distilled water for 7 days. Another group was subjected to accelerated aging in accordance with ISO Standard 4892-2. Ten samples were produced per resin, per treatment condition. Colour measurements were taken on the discs before and after treatment using a spectrophotometer against white and black reference tiles to assess colour and translucency differences with the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula. RESULTS: While initial colour of the printed resin discs was acceptable, all resin groups underwent significant colour change during the experiment. Red wine and coffee produced the greatest colour and translucency change, followed by tea, with accelerated aging producing the least change in colour and translucency. CONCLUSION: The 3D-printed resins tested underwent significant changes in colour and translucency following exposure to endogenous and exogenous sources of staining, which may affect their acceptability for fabrication of aesthetic orthodontic brackets.

The predictive capacity of in vitro preclinical models to evaluate drugs for the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the eye. Of the small number of drugs are used to treat retinoblastoma, all have been repurposed from drugs developed for other conditions. In order to find drugs or drug combinations better suited to the improved treatment of retinoblastoma, reliable predictive models are required, which facilitate the challenging transition from in vitro studies to clinical trials. In this review, the research performed to date on the development of 2D and 3D in vitro models for retinoblastoma is presented. Most of this research was undertaken with a view to better biological understanding of retinoblastoma, and we discuss the potential for these models to be applied to drug screening. Future research directions for streamlined drug discovery are considered and evaluated, and many promising avenues identified.

Virtual screening and structure-activity relationship study of novel BTK inhibitors in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a known drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, a series of 1-amino-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives with good inhibitory activity against BTK were selected to explore the structure-activity relationships of these BTK inhibitors (BTKIs). Furthermore, we concentrated on 182 prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine with therapeutic effects on RA. 54 herbs with a frequency of ≥10 were counted to establish a database containing 4027 ingredients for virtual screening. Five compounds with relatively higher docking scores and better absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) parameters were then selected for higher precision docking. The results demonstrated that the potentially active molecules form hydrogen bond interactions with the hinge region residues Met477, Glu475, glycine-rich P-loop residue Val416, Lys430 and DFG motif Asp539. In particular, they also interact with the key residues Thr474 and Cys481 of BTK. The molecular dynamics (MD) results demonstrated that all five compounds above could bind with BTK stably as its cognate ligand in dynamic conditions. This work identified several potential BTKIs using a computer-aided drug design approach and may provide crucial information for developing novel BTKIs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Role of three-dimensional cell culture in therapeutics and diagnostics: an updated review.

Drug development and testing are a tedious and expensive process with a high degree of uncertainty in the clinical success and preclinical validation of manufactured therapeutic agents. Currently, to understand the drug action, disease mechanism, and drug testing, most therapeutic drug manufacturers use 2D cell culture models to validate the drug action. However, there are many uncertainties and limitations with the conventional use of 2D (monolayer) cell culture models for drug testing that are primarily attributed due to poor mimicking of cellular mechanisms, disturbance in environmental interaction, and changes in structural morphology. To overcome such odds and difficulties in the preclinical validation of therapeutic medications, newer in vivo drug testing cell culture models with higher screening efficiencies are required. One such promising and advanced cell culture model reported recently is the "three-dimensional cell culture model." The 3D cell culture models are reported to show evident benefits over conventional 2D cell models. This review article outlines and describes the current advancement in cell culture models, their types, significance in high-throughput screening, limitations, applications in drug toxicity screening, and preclinical testing methodologies to predict in vivo efficacy.

[Three-dimensional multi-component analysis of Aurantii Fructus quality and research on influencing factors].

The present study explored the consistency of the content proportions of active components of Aurantii Fructus and analyzed the influencing factors based on three-dimensional multi-component analysis. A total of 839 Aurantii Fructus samples in 65 research articles were analyzed using the three-dimensional multi-component analysis mode. The content data of flavonoid components(naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, narirutin, and nobiletin), coumarin components(meranzin and gluconolactone), and alkaloid(synephrine) in 386 samples which met the criteria of 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were extracted and adjusted to percentages, and the content ratios between components were calculated. The influencing factors of Aurantii Fructus quality were analyzed. The results showed content ratios of components as follows: neohesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.4-1.2; narirutin∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.16; hesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.01-0.3; nobiletin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 588 3-0.069 68; synephrine∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.042; gluconolactone∶naringin in the range of 0.001-0.01; meranzin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 4-0.035. The quality of Aurantii Fructus was closely related to the origin, variety, harvesting time, and processing method of medicinal materials. Harvesting time had a greater impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus, and the origin and variety had a certain impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The findings of this study indicated that the ratios between flavonoid components, flavonoids and coumarin components, and flavonoids and alkaloids fluctuated. The production base should optimize the varieties, harvesting period, and processing methods of Aurantii Fructus to provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality Aurantii Fructus.

3D-CEUS tracking of injectable chemo-sonodynamic therapy-enabled mop-up of residual renal cell carcinoma after thermal ablation.

Thermal ablation (TA), as a minimally invasive therapeutic technique, has been extensively used to the treatment of solid tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which, unfortunately, still fails to overcome the high risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis since the incomplete ablation cannot be ignored due to various factors such as the indistinguishable tumor margins and limited ablation zone. Herein, we report the injectable thermosensitive hydrogel by confining curcumin (Cur)-loaded hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (Cur@HMON@gel) which can locate in tumor site more than half a month and mop up the residual RCC under ultrasound (US) irradiation after transforming from colloidal sol status to elastic gel matrix at physiological temperature. Based on the US-triggered accelerated diffusion of the model chemotherapy drug with multi-pharmacologic functions, the sustained and controlled release of Cur has been demonstrated in vitro. Significantly, US is employed as an external energy to trigger Cur, as a sonosensitizer also, to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for sonodynamic tumor therapy (SDT) in parallel. Tracking by the three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) imaging, the typical decreased blood perfusions have been observed since the residual xenograft tumor after incomplete TA were effectively suppressed during the chemo-sonodynamic therapy process. The high in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of the multifunctional nanoplatform confined by thermogel provide the potential of their further clinical translation for the solid tumor eradication under the guidance and monitoring of 3D-CEUS.