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1.
Anesth Analg ; 122(3): 616-623, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26891388

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stored red blood cells (RBCs) are deficient in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), but it is unclear how autologous salvaged blood (ASB) compares with stored blood and how rapidly 2,3-DPG levels return to normal after transfusion. Therefore, we compared levels of 2,3-DPG in stored versus ASB RBCs and in patients' blood after transfusion. METHODS: Twenty-four patients undergoing multilevel spine fusion surgery were enrolled. We measured 2,3-DPG and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (P50) in samples taken from the ASB and stored blood bags before transfusion and in blood samples drawn from patients before and after transfusion. RESULTS: The mean storage duration for stored RBCs was 24 ± 8 days. Compared with fresh RBCs, stored RBCs had decreased 2,3-DPG levels (by approximately 90%; P < 0.0001) and a decreased P50 (by approximately 30%; P < 0.0001). However, ASB RBCs did not exhibit these changes. The mean 2,3-DPG concentration decreased by approximately 20% (P < 0.05) in postoperative blood sampled from patients who received 1 to 3 stored RBC units and by approximately 30% (P < 0.01) in those who received ≥4 stored RBC units. 2,3-DPG was unchanged in patients who received no stored blood or ASB alone. After surgery, 2,3-DPG levels recovered gradually over 3 postoperative days in patients who received stored RBCs. CONCLUSIONS: Stored RBCs, but not ASB RBCs, have decreased levels of 2,3-DPG and a left-shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Postoperatively, 2,3-DPG levels remain below preoperative baseline levels for up to 3 postoperative days in patients who receive stored RBCs but are unchanged in those who receive only ASB RBCs.


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Blood Transfusion, Autologous , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Operative Blood Salvage , Adult , Aged , Blood Preservation , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxyhemoglobins/analysis , Spinal Fusion
2.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ; 16(5): 395-403, 2015 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25990057

ABSTRACT

The safe use of intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) in cancer surgery remains controversial. Here, we investigated the killing effect of cisplatin combined with hyperthermia on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells and erythrocytes from IBS in vitro. HepG2 cells were mixed with concentrated erythrocytes and pretreated with cisplatin (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) alone at 37 °C for 60 min and cisplatin (25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) combined with hyperthermia at 42 °C for 60 min. After pretreatment, the cell viability, colony formation and DNA metabolism in HepG2 and the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration, free hemoglobin (Hb) level, osmotic fragility, membrane phosphatidylserine externalization, and blood gas variables in erythrocytes were determined. Pretreatment with cisplatin (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) combined with hyperthermia (42 °C) for 60 min significantly decreased HepG2 cell viability, and completely inhibited colony formation and DNA metabolism when the HepG2 cell concentration was 5×10(4) ml(-1) in the erythrocyte (P<0.01). Erythrocytic Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, 2,3-DPG level, phosphatidylserine externalization, and extra-erythrocytic free Hb were significantly altered by hyperthermia plus high concentrations of cisplatin (100 and 200 µg/ml) (P<0.05), but not by hyperthermia plus 50 µg/ml cisplatin (P>0.05). In conclusion, pretreatment with cisplatin (50 µg/ml) combined with hyperthermia (42 °C) for 60 min effectively eliminated HepG2 cells from IBS but did not significantly affect erythrocytes in vitro.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Operative Blood Salvage , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/chemistry , Adult , Aged , Cell Survival , Combined Modality Therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Female , Hemoglobins/chemistry , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Hyperthermia, Induced , Male , Middle Aged , Osmosis , Phosphatidylserines/chemistry , Phospholipids/chemistry , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/chemistry
3.
Sports Med ; 43(6): 425-35, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23568374

ABSTRACT

Legal nutritional ergogenic aids can offer athletes an additional avenue to enhance their performance beyond what they can achieve through training. Consequently, the investigation of new nutritional ergogenic aids is constantly being undertaken. One emerging nutritional supplement that has shown some positive benefits for sporting performance is sodium phosphate. For ergogenic purposes, sodium phosphate is supplemented orally in capsule form, at a dose of 3-5 g/day for a period of between 3 and 6 days. A number of exercise performance-enhancing alterations have been reported to occur with sodium phosphate supplementation, which include an increased aerobic capacity, increased peak power output, increased anaerobic threshold and improved myocardial and cardiovascular responses to exercise. A range of mechanisms have been posited to account for these ergogenic effects. These include enhancements in 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations, myocardial efficiency, buffering capacity and adenosine triphosphate/phosphocreatine synthesis. Whilst there is evidence to support the ergogenic benefits of sodium phosphate, many studies researching this substance differ in terms of the administered dose and dosing protocol, the washout period employed and the fitness level of the participants recruited. Additionally, the effect of gender has received very little attention in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically examine the use of sodium phosphate as an ergogenic aid, with a focus on identifying relevant further research.


Subject(s)
Athletic Performance/physiology , Dietary Supplements , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Physical Endurance/drug effects , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis , Exercise/physiology , Heart/drug effects , Humans , Phosphocreatine/biosynthesis
4.
Transfusion ; 52(11): 2459-64, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22452273

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stored red blood cells (RBCs) accumulate biochemical and biophysical changes. Maximum storage duration is based on acceptable in vitro characteristics and 24-hour survival, but not RBC function. Relatively little is known about the impact of RBC storage duration on oxygenation and the microcirculation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight healthy subjects donated a double RBC apheresis, which were prestorage leukoreduced and processed in AS-3. Subjects were transfused 1 unit of RBCs at 7 and 42 days after blood collection. Measurements of percentage of tissue oxygenation in the thenar eminence muscle (StO2) and brain (SctO2) were recorded with Food and Drug Administration-cleared noninvasive devices. Sublingual microvascular blood flow (microcirculatory flow index [MFI]) was quantified before and after RBC transfusion using a video microscope. Raw electronic data for all measurements were analyzed by a blinded observer at a core laboratory. RESULTS: The only pre- versus posttransfusion change observed in measurements of SctO2, StO2, or MFI was a very small increase in SctO2, from 70.4 to 71.8 (means, p=0.032) at 7 days. There was no significant difference in the amount of pre-post change at 7 days versus 42 days for any of the measures. CONCLUSION: Transfusion of 1 unit of 42-day-stored RBCs to healthy subjects has no overt detrimental effect on tissue oxygenation or the microcirculation assessed by clinically available monitors.


Subject(s)
Blood Preservation/methods , Blood Preservation/standards , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Erythrocyte Transfusion/standards , Microcirculation/physiology , Oxygen/blood , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Adult , Blood Component Removal , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/methods , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/standards , Erythrocytes/cytology , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Mouth Floor/blood supply , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Young Adult
5.
Ren Fail ; 33(6): 562-7, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21663386

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hyperphosphatemia is a well-recognized complication of chronic kidney disease, and phosphorus kinetics during hemodialysis (HD) remains a vague area of investigation. We studied the inorganic phosphorus homeostasis during the first hour of an HD session. MATERIALS/METHODS: Twelve patients were studied twice, in two consecutive HD sessions. Total (TPR), extracellular (EPR), and intracellular (IPR) phosphorus mass removal was determined using the direct dialysate quantification (DDQ) method. Alterations of serum inorganic phosphorus (sP), erythrocyte intracellular phosphorus (P(ERY)), and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations were measured before HD initiation and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min. RESULTS: The contribution of IPR to TPR was negative in the first 10 min of both HD sessions (-27.2 ± 6.5 and -26.4 ± 58 mmol, respectively, p = ns) while the contribution of the IPR to TPR increased as the time elapsed. Intracellular phosphorus and 2,3-DPG remained almost unchanged during the 60 min of HD session. CONCLUSIONS: Unchanged P(ERY) concentration during the first hour of an HD session does not reject the hypothesis of a simultaneous efflux and influx of phosphorus from/to intracellular compartment.


Subject(s)
Homeostasis/physiology , Hyperphosphatemia/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Phosphates/blood , Phosphorus/blood , Renal Dialysis , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hyperphosphatemia/etiology , Intracellular Fluid/metabolism , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors
6.
Rom J Intern Med ; 47(2): 173-7, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20067168

ABSTRACT

Since the main reason for transfusing preserved red cells is to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the recipient, the circulating preserved red cells should have at the time of transfusion normal oxygen uptake and normal oxyhemoglobin dissociation characteristics. We evaluated the effectiveness of transfused red cells, through periodical determination of erythrocyte components, during 72 hours after transfusions of large quantities (3,000 mL) of blood. Three patients with massive hemorrhages, two after amputation and one after nephrectomy were given each 3,000 mL preserved blood (in ACD, 10 days, at 4 degrees C). Red cell 2,3-DPG and serum inorganic phosphorus were determined prior to transfusion and after, periodically, for three days. Red cell 2,3-DPG was determined by Krimsky's method and inorganic phosphorus by Kuttner and Lichtenstein's method. The in vivo restoration of 2,3-DPG--of transfused red cells is shown as a percentage of recipient's final 2,3-DPG level, and was calculated in each of the three patients. The level of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG was greater than 60% of the final level within 24 hours, after the end of transfusion. The in vivo rates of restoration of 2,3-DPG in transfused red cells for periods of 0-6, 6-24, 24-48 and 48-72 hours are 0.251, 0.238, 0.133, 0.120 mM/L cells/hour. The therapeutic significance of the increased oxygen affinity of stored blood becomes very important in clinical conditions, when large volumes of red cells are urgently needed. After massive transfusions, the restoration of 2,3-DPG in red cells produces a decrease of serum inorganic phosphorus through its consumption. The stored blood with low values of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG can be used without hesitation when correcting a chronic anemia for instance, but in acute situation, when the organism needs restoration of the oxygen releasing capacity within minutes, the resynthesis is obviously insufficient. In such situations, fresh blood or blood with a near normal 2,3-DPG content should be used.


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/metabolism , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Phosphorus/blood
7.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18293157

ABSTRACT

The severe adverse events observed in patients who received hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) were associated with the Ringer's D.L lactate resuscitative solution administered and to the excipient used in the HBOCs containing Ringer's D,L lactate and the length of storage of the preserved RBC administered to the patient at the time that the HBOCs were infused. This paper reports the quality of the red blood cells preserved in the liquid state at 4 degrees C and that of previously frozen RBCs stored at 4 degrees C with regard to their survival, function and safety. Severe adverse events have been observed related to the length of storage of the liquid preserved RBC stored at 4 degrees C prior to transfusion. The current methods to preserve RBC in the liquid state in additive solutions at 4 degrees C maintain their survival and function for only 2 weeks. The freezing of red blood cells with 40% W/V glycerol and storage at -80 degrees C allows for storage at -80 degrees C for 10 years and following thawing, deglycerolization and storage at 4 degrees C in the additive solution (AS-3, Nutricel) for 2 weeks with acceptable 24 hour posttransfusion survival, less than 1% hemolysis, and moderately impaired oxygen transport function with no associated adverse events. Frozen deglycerolized RBCs are leukoreduced and contain less than 5% of residual plasma and non-plasma substances. Frozen deglycerolized RBCs are the ideal RBC product to transfuse patients receiving HBOCs.


Subject(s)
Blood Preservation , Blood Substitutes/adverse effects , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/adverse effects , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Hemoglobins , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Adenine/chemistry , Adenosine Triphosphate/blood , Anemia/therapy , Blood Preservation/adverse effects , Cell Survival , Chondroitin Sulfates/chemistry , Citrates/chemistry , Complex Mixtures/chemistry , Dextrans/chemistry , Erythrocytes/pathology , Gentamicins/chemistry , Glucose/chemistry , Hemolysis , Humans , Mannitol/chemistry , Sodium Chloride/chemistry , Temperature , Time Factors
8.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 19(6): 343-6, 2006 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16801310

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recently we demonstrated an increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) erythrocyte concentration in rat pups subjected to nucleotide-enriched artificial feeding. DESIGN: The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that a possible increase in 2,3-DPG concentration can also be obtained in human neonates who are fed nucleotide-enriched formula. Preterm neonates born or referred to the neonatal intensive care unit of the G. Gaslini Hospital, Genoa University, with a gestational age >30 weeks and <37 weeks were enrolled in our randomized trial. Recruitment took place within 48-72 hours from birth. Only newborns of mothers deciding not to breast-feed were eligible to be randomized for the supplemented group (FN) or non-supplemented group (RF). Breast-fed newborns were considered the control group (C). The study window (for supplementation and blood samples) was restricted to the first two weeks following birth (from the 2nd (t1) to the 16th (t2) day of life). At the end of our study, only 21 neonates were eligible for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The stimulating action of dietary nucleotides on 2,3-DPG concentration failed to be demonstrated; increases in 2,3-DPG concentration that were observed in newborns fed with nucleotide supplemented formula (FN) were comparable to those observed in newborns fed with regular formula (RF) and breast-fed newborns. CONCLUSIONS: The EC recommendation for the amount of nucleotides allowed in formula milk does not seem to be high enough to have positive effects on 2,3-DPG synthesis. Whether this possible 'pharmacological' effect can be achieved by a higher intake of ingested nucleotides and/or a change in the proportions of single nucleotides contained in milk formulas remain interesting end points to be elucidated.


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Dietary Supplements , Infant Formula/administration & dosage , Nucleotides/administration & dosage , Blood Gas Analysis , Humans , Infant Formula/chemistry , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Treatment Outcome
9.
Investig. clín. (Granada) ; 8(3): 197-199, jul.-sept. 2005.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-96611

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: analizar la concentración de 2-3 DPG en relación con la concentración de fósforo inorgánico sérico. Casuística: se estudiaron 23 sujetos normales y 172 enfermos con variables concentraciones de fósforo inorgánico sérico (descendido, normal o elevado). Métodos: el fósforo sérico se determinó según el método de Fiske-Subarow, el 2-3 DPG según el método de Michal. Resultados: Las concentraciones de 2-3 DPG eritrocitario fueron las siguientes: fósforo inorgánico sérico normal: 89 casos, 2-3 DPG: 5, 18±0,15 nMol/l; fósforo inorgánico sérico elevado: 76 casos, 2-3 DPG: 5,87±0,15 nMol/l; Fósforo inorgánico sérico descendido: 7 casos, 2-3 DPG: 5,10±0,89 nMol/l. Conclusiones: La concentración de fósforo inorgánico sérico influye en el 2-3, DPG eritrocitario que se eleva de forma significativa (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphorus/blood , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Neoplasms/blood , Spectrophotometry
10.
Investig. clín. (Granada) ; 8(3): 200-202, jul.-sept. 2005.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-96612

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To analyze the concentration of 2-3,- DPG in connection to the concentration of serum inorganic phosphorus. Casuistry: Twenty-three normal individuals and 172 patients with different concentrations of serum inorganic phosphorus (low, normal or high). Methods: Serum phosphorus was determined according to the Fiske-Subbarow method and 2,3-DPG was achieved through the method of Michal. Results: Concentrations of erythrocyte 2,3-DPG were as follows: Normal serum inorganic phosphorus: 89 cases (2,3-DPG: 5. 18±0.15 nmol/l). High serum inorganic phosphorus: 76 cases (2,3-DPG: 5.87±0.15 nmol/l). Low serum inorganic phosphorus: 7 cases (2,3-DPG: 5.10±0.89 nmol/l). Conclusions: Concentrations of serum inorganic phosphorus influence erythrocyte 2,3-DPG which increases significantly (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphorus/blood , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Neoplasms/blood , Spectrophotometry
11.
Vet Surg ; 33(5): 475-86, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15362986

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare viability of equine whole blood stored by 4 different methods, and to establish optimal storage protocols for an equine autologous blood donation program. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study of stored equine whole blood. Animals- Six healthy adult horses. METHODS: Blood from each horse was collected into 4 different containers: glass bottles containing acid-citrate-dextrose solution (ACD), plastic bags containing ACD, citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), and CPD with supplemental adenine (CPDA-1). Blood was stored for 5 weeks and sampled at 2-day intervals. Standard hematologic and biochemical variables were evaluated, and adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations were measured and normalized to total hemoglobin content. RESULTS: Plasma hemoglobin, % hemolysis, lactate, potassium, ammonia, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased, whereas glucose concentration and pH decreased in all stored blood over 5 weeks. There was a temporal increase in hemolysis with all storage methods, but the increase was greatest in glass bottles. Lactate and ammonia were highest in CPD and CPDA-1 samples, indicating more active red blood cell (RBC) metabolism. 2,3-DPG concentrations decreased during storage, but were optimally preserved with CPDA-1. ATP concentrations were significantly higher for blood stored in CPDA-1, and were lowest in glass bottles. CONCLUSIONS: Hematologic and biochemical values measured for blood stored in CPDA-1 are suggestive of improved RBC viability compared with other storage methods. With the exception of ATP, results from stored equine blood were similar to those reported for other species. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Commercial CPDA-1 bags appear to be the optimal storage method for equine whole blood.


Subject(s)
Blood Preservation/veterinary , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/veterinary , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Adenine/pharmacology , Adenosine Triphosphate/blood , Animals , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Blood Preservation/methods , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/methods , Citrates/pharmacology , Female , Glass , Glucose/pharmacology , Hemolysis , Horses , Male , Phosphates/pharmacology , Plastics , Preoperative Care/veterinary , Reference Values
13.
Clin Chim Acta ; 323(1-2): 111-4, 2002 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12135811

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Phosphate supplementation has been used in an effort to enhance athletic performance by increasing erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate levels ([2,3-BPG]) and hence improve oxygen offloading from haemoglobin. Claimed effects of phosphate loading upon both exercise performance and erythrocyte [2,3-BPG] are inconsistent, and the basis of any change in [2,3-BPG] is unknown. METHODS: We analysed plasma inorganic phosphate concentration ([P(i)]) and erythrocyte [P(i)] and [2,3-BPG] in venous blood samples from 12 healthy subjects. We re-examined a subset of five of these subjects after 7 days of phosphate loading. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between plasma [P(i)] and erythrocyte [P(i)] (r(2)=0.51, p=0.009) and between erythrocyte [P(i)] and [2,3-BPG] (r(2)=0.68, p<0.001). Following phosphate loading, there was a 30% increase in plasma [P(i)] (1.02+/-0.22 to 1.29+/-0.15 mmol/l (mean+/-S.D.), p=0.03) and a 25% increase in erythrocyte [2,3-BPG] (6.77+/-1.12 to 9.11+/-1.87 mmol/l cells, p=0.03). There is no relation between [2,3-BPG] and plasma [P(i)]. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphate loading increases both plasma and erythrocyte phosphate pools and the rise in [2,3-BPG] is probably a consequence of the rise in cell [P(i)].


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/analysis , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Phosphates/blood , Phosphates/pharmacology , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Adult , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male
14.
J Nutr ; 131(3s): 1016S-9S, 2001 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11238808

ABSTRACT

The effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on lipid peroxidative damage and the deformability of erythrocytes were evaluated in rats. The deformability of erythrocytes was measured using the micropore filtration method. AGE significantly prevented the decrease of erythrocyte deformability induced by lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of AGE significantly inhibited an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and hemolysis rate and prevented the loss of intraerythrocytic ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in oxidized erythrocytes. Moreover, AGE significantly suppressed not only the hemolysis rate induced by peroxidation but also hemolysis due to nonperoxidation. These results suggest the possibility that AGE improves microcirculation and rheological blood properties and preserves the structure and function of erythrocytes not only through an antioxidant process, but also via the glycolysis pathway and membrane stabilization of erythrocytes.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Erythrocyte Deformability/drug effects , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Garlic/chemistry , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Plants, Medicinal , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Erythrocytes/physiology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hemolysis/drug effects , Male , Microcirculation , Micropore Filters , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rheology/drug effects , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
15.
Ann Hematol ; 80(12): 745-8, 2001 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11797116

ABSTRACT

Twenty-seven subjects suffering from peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD, clinical stage II-III according to Fontaine) were enrolled in this study to evaluate the effect of oxygen-ozone therapy upon hemorheological parameters and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in patients with POAD. All patients underwent a major ozonized autohemotransfusion consisting of the slow reinfusion of 100 ml of autologous blood, previously exposed to a O(2)-O(3) mixture in a glass box for 10 min. Whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte filterability, hematocrit, and fibrinogen levels were assessed at the basal time and 30 min after the reinfusion of ozonized blood. At the same time p50 standard (p50std) values (an indicator of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity) and plasma values of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation) were evaluated. At the baseline, patients had significantly higher ( p<0.05- p<0.001) whole blood viscosity, MDA, and p50std values and significantly lower blood filterability ( p<0.01) as compared with 20 matched healthy volunteers (controls). Thirty minutes after the end of a major autohemotransfusion, whole blood viscosity significantly decreased ( p<0.01). This was accompanied by a significant fall in plasma fibrinogen level ( p<0.01) with no change in hematocrit. Blood filterability, MDA plasma level, and p50std values increased significantly at the same time ( p<0.01- p<0.005). The 2,3-DPG value did not change significantly. No significant changes occurred when the same patients received a non-ozonized autohemotransfusion (control test). In conclusion, ozonized autohemotransfusion may be useful to improve both the poor rheological properties of the blood and the oxygen delivery to tissues in patients suffering from POAD.


Subject(s)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/therapy , Blood Transfusion, Autologous , Hemorheology , Oxygen Consumption , Ozone , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/blood , Blood Viscosity , Erythrocyte Deformability , Female , Fibrinogen/analysis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Malondialdehyde , Middle Aged , Oxygen/blood
16.
Biol Neonate ; 78(4): 281-7, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11093007

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) on oxygen affinity and adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues of stable premature infants. 36 very-low-birth-weight infants were randomly assigned to either receive rHu-EPO (200 units/kg every other day) or not, and both groups were supplemented with iron, folic acid and vitamin E. Arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation, complete blood counts, fetal haemoglobin, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and blood lactate were analysed weekly, from the 1st week till discharge. Patients in the two groups were comparable. There was a trend in increasing lactate values towards the 4th to 5th weeks of life, which did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between lactate values and the studied variables (pH, BE, oxygen saturation). In 35 transfusions, pre- and 24 h post-transfusion blood lactate status was studied. In 23 of them, a decrease in post-transfusion lactate was noticed, whilst an increased post-transfusion level was shown in 10 cases and no change in 2 cases. The mean pre-transfusion lactate value was significantly higher than the post-transfusion one (24.04 +/- 11.9 mg/dl before and 16.27 +/- 8.5 mg/dl after transfusion; p = 0.0025). In both groups there was a steady rise in 2,3-DPG concentration over the period of study, and the 2,3-DPG values at the end of our study were significantly increased in the rHu-EPO group (rHu-EPO 5.98 +/- 0.9, control 4.84 +/- 0.7; p = 0.04). In conclusion, the use of rHu-EPO did not affect blood lactate levels compared to the control group. Regarding oxygen affinity, it seems that rHu-EPO causes a shift of the oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right. This is a previously unreported effect of rHu-EPO and its clinical use may, thus, confer to preterm babies an added advantage.


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Anemia, Neonatal/drug therapy , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Lactic Acid/blood , Anemia, Neonatal/therapy , Blood Transfusion , Fetal Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prospective Studies , Recombinant Proteins
17.
J Immunol ; 164(1): 379-88, 2000 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10605033

ABSTRACT

The global dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has underscored the urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms of immunity to this pathogen. Use of biological immunomodulatory compounds to enhance antituberculous therapy has been hampered by the limited efficacy of these agents toward infected human macrophages and lack of information regarding their mechanisms of activity. We tested the hypotheses that extracellular ATP (ATPe) promotes killing of virulent M. tuberculosis within human macrophages, and that activation of a specific macrophage enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD), functions in this response. ATPe treatment of infected monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in 3.5-log reduction in the viability of three different virulent strains of M. tuberculosis. Stimulation of macrophage P2X7 purinergic receptors was necessary, but not sufficient, for maximal killing by primary macrophages or human THP-1 promonocytes differentiated to a macrophage phenotype. Induction of tuberculocidal activity by ATPe was accompanied by marked stimulation of PLD activity, and two mechanistically distinct inhibitors of PLD produced dose-dependent reductions in ATPe-induced killing of intracellular bacilli. Purified PLD restored control levels of mycobacterial killing to inhibitor-treated cells, and potentiated ATPe-dependent tuberculocidal activity in control macrophages. These results demonstrate that ATPe promotes killing of virulent M. tuberculosis within infected human macrophages and strongly suggest that activation of PLD plays a key role in this process.


Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphate/physiology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology , Macrophages/enzymology , Macrophages/microbiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Phagocytosis/immunology , Phospholipase D/physiology , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/pharmacology , Adult , Enzyme Activation/immunology , Ethanol/pharmacology , Extracellular Space/immunology , Humans , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity , Phospholipase D/isolation & purification , Signal Transduction/immunology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Virulence
18.
NMR Biomed ; 12(1): 8-14, 1999 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10195324

ABSTRACT

Our objective was to develop a precise method for quantification of in vivo proton decoupled 31P spectra from the human brain. This objective required that an appropriate spectral model be created and that the quantification was performed using a non-subjective fitting technique. The precision of the quantification was assessed using Cramer-Rao standard deviations and compared using two different spectral models: one containing a pair of peaks representing 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, the other excluding this metabolite. The data was quantified using a Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) algorithm incorporating prior knowledge with a Hankel singular value decomposition (HSVD) performed initially to provide parameter estimates for the ML algorithm. Quantification was performed on two different in vivo 2-D CSI 31P data sets: the first examined 11 normal controls, the second examined a single individual six times. Spectra from a region in the parieto-occipital cortex were analyzed. The Cramer-Rao standard deviations were significantly lower for some metabolites with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the model: in the repeat study mobile phospholipids (p = 0.045) and phosphocholine (p = 0.034), and in the 11 controls mobile phospholipids (p = 0.003) and Pi (p = 0.002).


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/analysis , Algorithms , Humans , Least-Squares Analysis , Phosphorus , Protons
19.
J Nutr ; 129(3): 662-5, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10082771

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to test if dietary intake of nucleotides increases erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in neonatal rats. To this end, rat pups were fed a nucleotide-supplemented formula (S, n = 14) from d 9 until d 16 after birth. The results were compared with those obtained from a group of breast-fed pups (C, n = 14) and a group of pups artificially fed with nucleotide-free formula (NS, n = 14). Neonatal weight, 2,3-DPG concentration, hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were determined before the experiment (d 9) and after 7 d of treatment (d 16). In all groups, 2,3-DPG concentration was greater at d 16 than d 9, and the increase was greater in the S group than in the NS group. Alterations in neonatal weight, Hct and Hb concentration did not differ among the groups. On d 16 the 2, 3-DPG/Hb ratio, reflecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, was significantly higher in the C and S groups than in the NS group. We conclude that in neonatal rats, dietary nucleotides increase erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentration. Studies need to be conducted in humans to assess the effect of this increase on both neonatal peripheral hemodynamics and metabolism in this species.


Subject(s)
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Animals, Newborn/blood , Diet , Dietary Supplements , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Nucleotides/administration & dosage , Animals , Birth Weight , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
20.
Int J Sport Nutr ; 9(4): 333-44, 1999 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10660865

ABSTRACT

The two basic aims of this study were to add to the limited literature concerning Inosine as an ergogenic aid, and to determine the effects of Inosine supplementation over a period of 5 and 10 days, at a dosage of 10,000 mg.d-1 on measures associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance. Seven trained, volunteer male subjects (body mass = 63.0 +/- 8.7 kg, VO2max = 67.9 +/- 3.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) participated in this study. The subjects completed three test sessions, each comprising three tests (5 x 6-s sprint, 30-s sprint, and 20-min time trial). Supplementation was carried out in a random, double-blind manner, and the test sessions were undertaken prior to (Baseline, B), on Day 6, and on Day 11. Blood was sampled prior to supplementation as well as on Days 6 and 11 and was analyzed for uric acid and 2,3 DPG. An analysis of the data indicated no performance benefit of supplementation and no improvement in 2,3 DPG concentration. Uric acid concentration increased significantly after both Days 6 and 11 (p < 0.03 and p < 0.004, respectively). It is concluded that Inosine has no ergogenic effects but may cause possible health problems if taken over long periods of time.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Exercise , Inosine/administration & dosage , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate/blood , Analysis of Variance , Bicycling , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Inosine/blood , Inosine/urine , Male , Uric Acid/blood
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