Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2021 Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition.

Nutrition in sports and human performance incorporates knowledge of the intersection of human physiology and nutrition. Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) practitioners in sports and human performance focus on nutrition care that is specific to the individual and their sport/occupational requirements. The Dietitians in Sports, Cardiovascular and Wellness Dietetic Practice Group, along with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, have updated the Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for RDNs working in sports and human performance. The SOP and SOPP for RDNs in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition provide indicators that describe three levels of practice: competent, proficient, and expert. The SOP uses the Nutrition Care Process and clinical workflow elements for delivering care to athletic/professional populations. The SOPP describes the following six domains that focus on professional performance: Quality in Practice, Competence and Accountability, Provision of Services, Application of Research, Communication and Application of Knowledge, and Utilization and Management of Resources. Specific indicators outlined in the SOP and SOPP depict how these standards apply to practice. The SOP and SOPP are complementary resources for RDNs and are intended to be used as a self-evaluation tool for assuring competent practice in sports and human performance and for determining potential education and training needs for advancement to a higher practice level in a variety of settings.

Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male Endurance Athletes.

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and ß-hydroxy ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) are common ergogenic aids in the field of sports and are frequently used in an isolated way. However, there are a few studies that have investigated the effect of combining both supplements on different variables related to performance, with controversial results. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and the degree of potentiation of 10 weeks of CrM plus HMB supplementation on sports performance, which was measured by an incremental test to exhaustion in elite male traditional rowers. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 10-week study, participants (n = 28) were randomized to a placebo group (PLG; n = 7), CrM group (0.04 g/kg/day of CrM; n = 7), HMB group (3 g/day of HMB; n = 7) and CrM-HMB group (0.04 g/kg/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB; n = 7). Before and after 10 weeks of different treatments, an incremental test was performed on a rowing ergometer to calculate the power that each rower obtained at the anaerobic threshold (WAT), and at 4 mmol (W4) and 8 mmol (W8) of blood lactate concentration. There were no significant differences in WAT and W4 among groups or in body composition. However, it was observed that the aerobic power achieved at W8 was significantly higher in the CrM-HMB group than in the PLG, CrM and HMB groups (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.766). Likewise, a synergistic effect of combined supplementation was found for the sum of the two supplements separately at WAT (CrM-HMBG = 403.19% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 337.52%), W4 (CrM-HMBG = 2736.17% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 1705.32%) and W8 (CrM-HMBG = 1293.4% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 877.56%). In summary, CrM plus HMB supplementation over 10 weeks showed a synergistic effect on aerobic power (measured as WAT, W4, and W8) during an incremental test but had no influence muscle mass.

Low Risk of Injuries in Young Adolescents Participating in Top-Level Karate Competition.

BACKGROUND: Prospective studies on injuries in martial arts competition are scarce, especially those involving young practitioners, but the upsurge of children and adolescents taking part in organized training and competition in these sports requires clarification of the injury risk that they represent for youths. HYPOTHESIS: Top-level karate competition for young adolescents (cadets, or 14- to 15-year-olds) has a low injury rate and can be safely promoted. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS: Prospective recording of the injuries resulting from all bouts in 3 consecutive World Karate Championships (2009, 2011, and 2013) for cadets was performed. Data were collected prospectively in situ with checklists that described competitor sex, bout category, and weight as well as injured area, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, severity, and treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1020 bouts were reviewed, 671 in the male category and 349 in the female category. A total of 61 injuries were recorded. Of those, only 3 were time-loss injuries. During the 2009 and 2011 championships, there was 1 injury per 25.6 fights, while during the 2013 championship the number of injuries increased, with 1 injury per 10 fights (P = .003). There was no statistical difference in the total injury rate between the male and female categories (P = .71), with an odds ratio of 1.16 (95% CI, 0.52-2.55). CONCLUSION: The injury rate for cadet top-level karate competition found in this prospective study is much lower than the rates previously published for karate or other martial arts competitions, but there seems to be a marked increase as more championships are held, which is a matter of concern.

Factores motivacionales relacionados con la agresividad en las artes marciales / Motivational factors related to aggression within martial arts context / Factores motivacionais relacionados com a agressividade nas artes marciais

La finalidad del trabajo fue analizar un modelo de mediación en donde la orientación motivacional, la motivación autodeterminada y la deportividad eran factores predictivos de la agresividad. Practicantes de artes marciales italianos (N = 366; Medad = 29.53 años, DE = 9.107; Hombres = 325, Mujeres = 41) completaron un cuestionario para medir la orientación motivacional, la motivación autodeterminada, la deportividad y la agresividad. El path analysis confirmó el modelo hipotetizado: la motivación autodeterminada media la relación entre la orientación motivacional y deportivad y esta última media la relación entre la motivación y la agresividad. Los resultados sugieren que se debería intervenir sobre los factores motivacionales para prevenir la agresividad entre los atletas

This study was aimed at testing a meditational model in which goal orientation, self-determined motivation, and sportspersonship were predictive factors of aggressiveness. Italian martial artists (N = 366; Mage = 29.53, SD = 9.107; Men = 325, Female = 41) were asked to fill in a questionnaire assessing sport orientation, sport motivation, sportspersonship, and aggressiveness. The path analysis supported the hypothesized model: self-determined motivation mediates the relationship between motivational orientations and sportspersonhip, which in turn mediates the relationship between motivation and aggressiveness. The results suggest considering these motivational factors in order to plan interventions to prevent aggressiveness among athletes

finalidade do trabalho foi analisar um modelo de mediação no qual a orientação motivacional, a motivação auto-determinada e odesportivismo eram factores preditores da agressividade. Praticantes de artes marciais italianos (N = 366; Midade= 29.53 anos, DP= 9.107; Homens =325, Mulheres = 41) completaram um questionário para medir a orientação motivacional, a motivação auto-determinada, o desportivismo e aagressividade. A path analysis confirmou o modelo testado: a motivação auto-determinada medeia a relação entre a orientação motivacional e odesportivismo que por seu turno medeia a relação entre a motivação e a agressividade. Os resultados sugerem que se deveria intervir sobre os factoresmotivacionais para prevenir a agressividade entre os atletas

Control de la atención en situaciones de competición con deportistas jóvenes / Control of the attention in situations of competition with young sportsmen

En este trabajo expondremos una muestra de trabajos utilizados con deportistas jóvenes, partiendo de casos reales, destinados a la mejora de rendimiento, dentro del ámbito de la psicología del deporte aplicado. El objetivo del trabajo realizado será mejorar la atención y concentración de los deportistas en competición, partiendo de intervenciones puntuales muy dirigidas, y con el objetivo fundamental de mejorar determinadas situaciones concretas en competición en un tiempo muy breve. Partiendo de las teorías y técnicas de intervención en atención reflejaremos en varios ejemplos, como adaptarlas a situaciones reales de competición y como solucionar diferentes problemáticas, atendiendo a necesidades específicas de cada situación competitiva. Precisamente, la corta edad delos deportistas, en muchos casos, es lo que hace necesario intervenciones muy dirigidas del tipo de las que mostraremos a continuación(AU)

In this work we will expose a sample of works used with young sportsmen, departing from royal cases, destined for the improvement of performance, inside the area of the psychology of the applied sport. The aim of the realized work will be to improve the attention and concentration of the sportsmen in competition, departing from punctual very directed interventions, and with the fundamental aim to improve certain concrete situations in competition in a very brief time. Departing from the theories and technologies of intervention in attention we will reflect in several examples, since adapting them to royal situations of competition and as solving different problematic, attending to specific needs of every competitive situation. Precisely, the short age delos sportsmen, in many cases, is what makes necessary interventions very directed of the type of which we will prove to be later (AU)

Bovine colostrum supplementation and exercise performance: potential mechanisms.

Bovine colostrum (BC) is rich in immune, growth and antimicrobial factors, which promote tissue growth and the development of the digestive tract and immune function in neonatal calves. Although the value of BC to human adults is not well understood, supplementation with BC is becoming increasingly popular in trained athletes to promote exercise performance. The combined presence of insulin-like growth factors (IGF), transforming growth factors, immunoglobulins, cytokines, lactoferrin and lysozyme, in addition to hormones such as growth hormone, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids, would suggest that BC might improve immune function, gastrointestinal integrity and the neuroendocrine system, parameters that may be compromised as a result of intensive training. A review of studies investigating the influence of BC supplementation on exercise performance suggests that BC supplementation is most effective during periods of high-intensity training and recovery from high-intensity training, possibly as a result of increased plasma IGF-1, improved intramuscular buffering capacity, increases in lean body mass and increases in salivary IgA. However, there are contradicting data for most parameters that have been considered to date, suggesting that small improvements across a range of parameters might contribute to improved performance and recovery, although this cannot be concluded with certainty because the various doses and length of supplementation with BC in different studies prevent direct comparison of results. Future research on the influence of BC on sports performance will only be of value if the dose and length of supplementation of a well-defined BC product is standardized across studies, and the bioavailability of the active constituents in BC is determined.

The injury profile of Karate World Championships: new rules, less injuries.

The aim of this paper is to document the injury rate in high-level modern competitive karate after a change of competition rules was implemented in the year 2000, and to compare it with the injury rate found before the rules were changed. A prospective recording of the injuries resulting from 2,762 matches in three consecutive World Karate Championships (representing 7,425 min of active fighting) was performed, and compared with the results from 2,837 matches from the three last World Karate Championships (representing 7,631 min of active fighting) held before the change of competition rules. In total, 497 injuries were recorded, with an incidence of 0.180 injuries per match or 6.7 per 100 min of active fighting. There were 1,901 male category fights (in which 383 injuries were recorded), and 861 female category fights (in which 114 injuries were recorded). The global injury incidence was almost double with the old rules compared to the one with the new rules [OR 1.99, 95% CI (1.76-2.26); p < 0.00001]. In male category, the risk of injury was higher before the rules were changed [OR 1.81, 95% CI (1.56-2.09); p < 0.00001], and also in female category [OR 2.71; 95% CI (2.64-2.80); p < 0.00001]. The rate of severe injuries was not different before and after the change of rules. The implementation of the new competition rules in competitive karate has been associated with a significant reduction in injury rate, making competition safer for athletes.