Molecular detection of Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus infection in arthritis and tenosynovitis lesions of broiler and breeder chickens in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.

Testing the efficacy of kitasamycin for use in the control and treatment of swine dysentery in experimentally infected pigs.

BACKGROUND: Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an important disease in Australia. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the macrolide antibiotic kitasamycin for use in SD control. METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of kitasamycin, tylosin and lincomycin for 32 Australian isolates of B. hyodysenteriae were evaluated. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were examined. Isolate '13' with a low kitasamycin MIC was used to challenge weaner pigs. Sixty pigs were housed in 20 pens each containing three pigs: pigs in four pens received 2 kg/tonne of a product containing kitasamycin (3.1% active) prophylactically in their food starting 4 days before B. hyodysenteriae challenge (group 1); pigs in four pens were challenged and received the same dose therapeutically once one pig in a pen showed diarrhoea (group 2); four pens were challenged and received 4 kg/tonne of the product therapeutically (group 3); four pens were challenged but not medicated (group 4); two pens were unmedicated and unchallenged (group 5) and two pens received 2 kg/tonne and were unchallenged (group 6). Pigs were monitored for B. hyodysenteriae excretion and disease. RESULTS: Macrolide resistance was widespread, and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were identified in 23 isolates. Four isolates with kitasamycin MICs < 5 µg/mL were considered susceptible. Following experimental challenge, 10 of 12 unmedicated pigs developed SD. No pigs receiving kitasamycin prophylactical or therapeutically developed SD. Medicated pigs shed low numbers of B. hyodysenteriae in their faeces. CONCLUSIONS: Kitasamycin can help control SD in pigs infected with susceptible isolates of B. hyodysenteriae.

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018.

Trace elements and potential toxic elements were analyzed in bovine livers submitted for autopsy in the Netherlands during the years 2007 to 2018. The age of each animal was recorded. In total, 1544 livers were analyzed for cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc. Less than 2% of the liver samples were from veal calves. Young animals had significantly higher concentrations of iron and zinc in their livers compared to animals older than one year, while older animals had significantly higher levels of cadmium and molybdenum in their livers. Animals aged 1 to 2 years had the lowest copper and selenium levels. There was a tendency for lower chromium and nickel levels during the last years of the testing period, while copper showed an increase. Lead intoxication was only seen in the youngest group of cattle, while copper intoxication, defined as a liver copper of more than 1000 mg/kg dry matter, occurred in older animals, mainly in animals of 3 to 4 years old. This trend analysis of trace elements in bovine livers of cattle over time in recent years, and the relation of liver element concentrations with age of the animal, provides insight in the uptake and storage of these elements by cattle in The Netherlands. Possible reasons for observed trends and age-related patterns are discussed.

Biochemical detection of fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia in affected rat hypothalamus tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

It is difficult to determinate the cause of death from exposure to fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia in forensic casework. Here, we present a state-of-the-art study that employs Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the hypothalamus tissues of fatal hypothermic, fatal hyperthermic and normothermic rats to determine forensically significant biomarkers related to fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia. Our results revealed that the spectral variations in the lipid, protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acid components are highly different for hypothalamuses after exposure to fatal hypothermic, fatal hyperthermic and normothermic conditions. In comparison with the normothermia group, the fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia groups contained higher total lipid amounts but were lower in unsaturated lipids. Additionally, their cell membranes were found to have less motional freedom. Among these three groups, the fatal hyperthermia group contained the lowest total proteins and carbohydrates and the highest aggregated and dysfunctional proteins, while the fatal hypothermia group contained the highest level of nucleic acids. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to become a reliable method for the biochemical characterization of fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia hypothalamus tissues, and this could be used as a postmortem diagnostic feature in fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia deaths.

Clinical and Pathologic Features of a Suspected Selenium Deficiency in Captive Plains Zebras.

Previous studies have shown that selenium (Se) deficiency is associated with nutritional myopathy, known as white muscle disease (WMD), in horses. However, correlations between Se deficiency and clinical findings, such as hematologic biochemical values and pathological features, have not been evaluated in captive plains zebras. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical and pathologic features that may be caused by a Se deficiency in the captive plains zebra. Clinical findings, feed analyses, hematologic biochemical analyses, response to treatment, and pathologic examination were assessed in six affected plains zebras. The dietary concentration of Se in feed was also tested. Sudden death occurred in two cases during the first day of the onset of symptoms. Two zebras died at 4 days and two zebras survived after treatment. The clinical signs in affected animals were characterized by general weakness, astasia, and abnormal postural positions. The Se concentration in hay from the breeding stable was low, based on the reference value. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was lower compared with the equine reference value. Multiple areas of subcutaneous steatitis and pale skeletal muscle and myocardium were revealed at gross necropsy. Degeneration and necrosis of myocardial and skeletal muscles, as well as congestion of the liver, lung, and kidney were found via histopathological examination. No suspected bacterial infections were found. Feed analyses, response to treatment, serum GSH-Px activity, and pathological features suggest that Se deficiency may have caused the disease in the six affected captive plains zebra.

Surto de intoxicação por sal em ovinos no estado do Pará / Salt poisoning outbreak in sheep in the state of Pará

O presente trabalho relata um surto de intoxicação por sal em ovinos no Brasil, em uma propriedade no estado do Pará. De um total de 545 ovinos, oito animais adoeceram (1,46%) e quatro destes morreram (50%). A avaliação das instalações e do manejo indicaram como fatores predisponentes a ingestão excessiva de mistura mineral e a restrição hídrica. Os principais sinais clínicos foram decúbito, diminuição ou ausência da sensibilidade cutânea, ausência dos reflexos de ameaça, palpebral e auricular, midríase, nistagmo, opistótono, espasticidade de membros, sonolência e estupor. Havia ainda, timpanismo, diarreia, taquipneia, taquicardia, desidratação e poliúria. A evolução do quadro clínico nos animais que morreram variou de duas horas e meia a 48 horas. As médias das concentrações séricas de sódio e de potássio de 31 ovinos do mesmo lote afetado pela intoxicação, em amostras colhidas durante o surto, revelaram hipernatremia (190mEq/l) e hipercalemia (8,2mEq/l). À necropsia, observou-se em um animal, achatamento das circunvoluções cerebrais. Microscopicamente, neste animal, evidenciou-se vacuolização moderada do neurópilo, particularmente nas lâminas intermediárias do córtex cerebral, com aumento dos espaços perineural e perivascular. Nessas áreas foram observados ainda, acentuada tumefação e edema dos astrócitos e necrose neuronal aguda. A dosagem de sódio no encéfalo de um ovino, revelou-se elevada com valor de 3.513ppm. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base na epidemiologia, nos sinais clínicos, nas lesões macro e microscópicas e nas dosagens de sódio no soro e no encéfalo dos ovinos.(AU)

This paper reports an outbreak of salt poisoning in sheep on a farm in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. Eight (1.46%) animals were affected from a total of 545 sheep and four (50%) of them died. The evaluation of the facilities and the handling indicated as predisposing factors excessive intake of the mineral supplement and water restriction. The main clinical signs were recumbency, decrease or absence of cutaneous sensibility, absence of auricular, palpebral and menace reflex, mydriasis, nystagmus, opisthotonus, spasticity of limbs, somnolence and stupor. Beside these signs bloat, diarrhea, tachypnea, tachycardia, dehydration and polyuria were observed. The course of the disease in animals that died ranged from two hours and a half to 48 hours. The medium of serum concentration of sodium and potassium of 31 sheep from the same group affected on samples collected during the outbreak revealed hypernatremia (190mEq/l) and hyperkalemia (8.2mEq/l). At necropsy, there was flattening of the cerebral gyri in one sheep; in this animal was found vacuolization of the neuropil in the cerebral cortex with moderate intensity in the intermediary and mild on the superficial layers, with increased perineural and perivascular spaces. In these areas there were markedly swollen nucleus of astrocytes with acute neuronal necrosis. The dosage of sodium in the brain of a sheep revealed a high value of 3.513ppm. The diagnosis was made based on the epidemiology, clinical signs, macro and microscopic lesions and in the dosages of sodium in serum and brain.(AU)

Doenças do sistema nervoso de bovinos no Mato Grosso do Sul: 1082 casos / Diseases of the nervous system of cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: 1082 cases

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012 com base nos laudos de necropsia do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), com o intuito de descrever quais as doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso de bovinos que ocorrem no Mato Grosso do Sul. Os casos consistiam de acompanhados por técnicos do LAP e encaminhados por médicos veterinários que atuam no campo (autônomos ou do serviço veterinário oficial). De 1082 materiais analisados, 588 apresentavam histórico de sinais clínicos neurológicos. Destes, 341 (53,75%) tiveram diagnóstico correspondente a doenças neurológicas e 247 (46,25%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivos. As fichas clínico epidemiológicas foram revisadas para determinar dados referentes a epidemiologia, aos sinais clínicos e às alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas. O botulismo (16,67%), a raiva (15,92%), a polioencefalomalacia (8,05%) e a encefalite por herpesvirus bovino (4,31%) foram as enfermidade de maior frequência. Outras doenças como meningoencefalite não supurativa (2,62%), meningoencefalite supurativa (1,50%), abscessos cerebrais e osteomielite por compressão medular (1,31%), tétano (1,12%), hipotermia (0,94%), babesiose cerebral (0,75%), febre catarral maligna (0,37%) e lesões sugestivas de intoxicação por oxalato (0,19%) foram ocasionalmente diagnosticadas. Em nenhum dos casos foram observadas lesões que pudessem sugerir encefalopatia espongiforme bovina.

The aim of this study was to describe the types of diseases that affect the nervous system of cattle from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2012 was perfomed, based on reports of cattle autopsies autopsy carried out by the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The material came from cases attended and forwarded to LAP by practicing veterinarians autonomous and from the official veterinary service. From 1028 cases studied, 588 presented a history of neurological clinical signs, 341 (53.75%) of which were diagnosed as affected bytrue neurological disease, and 247 (46.25%) had inconclusive diagnosis. The clinical records were reviewed to determine epidemiology, clinical signs, and gross and histopathological features. The most frequent diseases were botulism (16.67%), rabies (15.92%), polioencephalomalacia (8.05%), and herpesviral meningoencephalitis (4.31%). Other conditions were diagnosed occasionally, and included non suppurative meningoencephalitis (2.62%), suppurative meningoencephalitis (1.50%), brain abscesses and osteomyelitis caused by spinal cord compression (1.31%), tetanus (1.12%), hypothermia (0.94%), cerebral babesiosis (0.75%), malignant catarrhal fever (0.37%), and cases suggestive of oxalate poisoning (0.19%). No cases with lesions that may suggest of bovine spongiform encephalopathy were observed.

Osteopatia hipertrófica em sete cães / Hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs

Os achados clínico-patológicos de sete casos de osteopatia hipertrófica em cães foram estudados. Os cães afetados apresentavam sinais clínicos indicativos de envolvimento ósseo e lesões macroscópicas principalmente nos ossos longos dos membros. As lesões consistiram de neoformação óssea periosteal detectada em exame radiográfico, na inspeção óssea durante a necropsia e, com grande nível de detalhamento, em espécimes ósseos macerados. A proliferação óssea observada era parcialmente circunferencial e ocorreu principalmente na diáfise dos ossos longos. Era constituída por trabéculas ósseas de tamanho e espessura irregulares que estavam dispostas de forma perpendicular ao córtex ósseo original. Em todos os casos as lesões de osteopatia hipertrófica foram associadas a neoplasmas pulmonares (primários ou metastáticos).

Clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs were studied. Affected dogs had clinical signs of bone involvement and lesions mainly in the long bones of the limbs. The lesions consisted of periosteal new bone formation detected on radiographic examination, inspection of bones during the necropsy, and with great detail, in macerated bone specimens. The bone proliferation observed was partially circumferential and occurred mainly in the diaphysis of long bones. It consisted of bone trabeculae of irregular size and thickness that were arranged perpendicularly to the original bone cortex. In all cases the lesions were associated with lung neoplasms (primary or metastatic).

Ultrasonographic findings in cattle and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the ultrasonographic findings in cattle and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. To the best of the author's knowledge, this report is the first to document ultrasonographic findings in buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. Ultrasonographic findings included distended gallbladders with either homogenous or heterogeneous contents, edema of the gallbladder walls, which ranged from mild or moderate to severe and bile duct mineralization. In 78% of the buffaloes, there was an ultrasonographic picture of hepatic fibrosis in which heterogeneous and hyperechogenic hepatic parenchymas with multiple echogenic foci were imaged. Other ultrasonographic findings included peritoneal, pleural and pericardial effusions. Two cows and one buffalo were slaughtered and examined postmortem. Hence, it was possible to verify distended gallbladders, edema of the gallbladder wall, calcified bile ducts, cholestasis and hepatic fibrosis by using ultrasonography in the cows and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. The procedure offers a useful supplement to clinical, hematological and biochemical examinations on the diagnosis of this condition.

Renal cortex copper concentration in acute copper poisoning in calves / Concentração de cobre no córtex renal na intoxicação aguda de cobre em bezerros

The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of renal cortex copper (Cu) concentration in clinical cases of acute copper poisoning (ACP). A total of 97 calves that died due to subcutaneous copper administration were compiled in eleven farms. At least, one necropsy was conducted on each farm and samples for complementary analysis were taken. The degree of autolysis in each necropsy was evaluated. The cases appeared on extensive grazing calf breeding and intensive feedlot farms, in calves of 60 to 200 kg body weight. Mortality varied from 0.86 to 6.96 percent, on the farms studied. The first succumbed calf was found on the farms between 6 and 72 hours after the susbcutaneous Cu administration. As discrepancies regarding the reference value arose, the local value (19.9 parts per million) was used, confirming the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning in 93 percent of the analyzed kidney samples. These results confirm the value of analysis of the cortical kidney Cu concentration for the diagnosis of acute copper poisoning.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o valor diagnóstico de concentração de cobre (Cu) no córtex do rim em casos clínicos da intoxicação cobre aguda (ACP). Um total de 97 bezerros foi compilado em onze fazendas. Pelo menos, uma necropsia foi realizada em cada caso e foram colhidas amostras para análise complementar. O grau de autólise em cada necropsia foi avaliado. Os casos aparecem em criação extensiva e também em fazendas de confinamento intensivo. Os pesos dos animais variavam de 60 até 200 kg. Mortalidade variou entre 0,86 e 6,96 por cento, em todas as fazendas estudadas, o primeiro animal morto foi observado entre 6 e 72 horas após à administração parenteral de Cu. Surgirem discrepâncias em relação ao valor de referência a ser usado. O valor local (19. 9 partes por milhão) foi usado, confirmando o diagnóstico de intoxicação aguda de cobre em 93 por cento das amostras analisadas nos rins. Estes resultados confirmam o valor diagnóstico da concentração de Cu no rim córtex para o diagnóstico de ACP.

Fibrous osteodystrophy in two Northern Royal albatross chicks (Diomedea sanfordi).

CASE HISTORY: In February 2004, two Northern Royal albatross chicks aged 20 and 25 days old were presented for necropsy. Both chicks had been hand-fed in situ at a breeding colony, from 2-3 days post-hatch. The hand-rearing diet consisted of boneless hoki fillets (Macraronus novaezelandiae), electrolytes, and sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) proventricular oil obtained as a by-product of cultural harvest. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Routine necropsies on the affected chicks revealed many bones were soft and easily bent. Radiography and histopathology revealed decreased bone density, pathological fractures, and extensive remodelling suggestive of fibrous osteodystrophy. DIAGNOSIS: Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, resulting from an imbalance in the dietary Ca:P ratio. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The imbalance in the dietary Ca:P ratio was a result of feeding deboned and eviscerated fish. This investigation also highlighted potential health risks associated with the practice of feeding stored rancid proventricular oil, including the destruction of fat-soluble vitamins. It is therefore possible that oxidative degradation of vitamin D may have contributed to the development of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. Subsequently, dietary recommendations for supplementary feeding of orphaned Northern Royal albatross chicks include the feeding of whole human-grade fish with an appropriate Ca:P ratio, and the exclusion of proventricular oil. These cases highlight the need for scientific input into wildlife conservation projects, as lack of appropriate nutritional advice resulted in the feeding of a nutritionally inadequate diet. Following the recommended changes in diet, no further cases of osteodystrophy have been diagnosed in hand-raised chicks in the albatross colony.

Carbamate poisoning in a dairy goat herd: clinicopathological findings and therapeutic approach.

CASE HISTORY: Approximately 1 hour after the consumption of carnations from a nearby glasshouse 55 animals from a dairy goat herd exhibited signs of possible poisoning. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Upon clinical examination affected animals exhibited signs of salivation, tympany, tachypnoea, polydipsia, urination, diarrhoea, bradycardia, miosis, tremor and convulsions. As poisoning from an acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide was suspected, treatment with atropine sulphate was initiated at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The treatment was repeated for some animals that relapsed, and was effective in all cases, with the exception of one goat kid that died. DIAGNOSIS: Necropsy of the goat kid showed pulmonary oedema and congestion of internal organs. Toxicological analysis of stomach contents and liver of the dead animal, as well as of the carnations, revealed high concentrations of carbamates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carbamate poisoning after consumption of polluted feedstuffs or glasshouse products can be fatal for dairy goats. Atropine sulphate, at 0.3 mg/kg, can be useful in treating this condition.

Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from the brain of a feedlot heifer with meningoencephalitis.

A 700-pound, 9-month-old Angus heifer from a feedlot presented with acute neurologic signs, characterized by circling, posterior weakness, and nonresponsiveness, followed by death. Histologically, the frontal lobe and the thalamus contained multiple foci of liquefaction that contained numerous degenerative neutrophils and foamy macrophages. Some of these foci were centered on blood vessels that contained fibrin thrombi and exhibited varying degrees of fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall. There was adjacent axonal degeneration and neuronal necrosis characterized by pronounced cytoplasmic eosinophilia, peripheralization of the nuclei, and loss of Nissl substance. Aerobic culture of the brain yielded moderate growth of Vibrio species, which was determined to be Vibrio cholerae by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a 438-base pair fragment of the 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. V. cholerae are motile, gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacteria. Some strains of V. cholerae are important food- and water-borne bacterial pathogens that produce an often fatal diarrhea in humans. This is the first known case report of V. cholerae meningoencephalitis and cerebral abscessation in a bovine.

The effects of overnight fasting, feeding, or sucrose supplementation prior to necropsy in rats.

This study was designed to investigate the acute effects on routine hematology, serum biochemistry, gastrointestinal contents and weight, and liver weight and morphology due to overnight sucrose feeding of rats prior to necropsy. Groups of rats (five males and five females/group) were fasted overnight, fed chow, or fed sucrose and were euthanized approximately 17 h later. At necropsy, blood was obtained for hematology and serum biochemistry profiling, and the livers and gastrointestinal tracts were weighed and examined. The livers also were evaluated microscopically. The blood glucose and urea nitrogen concentrations and liver weights of animals fed sucrose differed significantly from those of the other groups. Alterations were more striking in males than females. Marked histological changes were present in livers from animals fed sucrose prior to necropsy compared with fasted or chow-fed animals, and these changes were attributed to increased glycogen deposition in the sucrose-fed animals. Because of alterations in hepatic structure and function, we cannot recommend the practice of feeding sucrose to rats prior to necropsy for toxicology studies or any studies examining hepatic function.

Interactive mortality factors in common loons from Maritime Canada.

Between August 1992 and November 1995, 31 moribund or dead common loons (Gavia immer) found in the three Maritime provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) were necropsied. Eight of these birds were in good body condition and died acutely from drowning or trauma. The remaining 23 birds were in poor body condition and had either chronic lead poisoning, respiratory mycosis, or oil contamination of their plumage. Loons in poor body condition had significantly higher numbers of intestinal trematodes and significantly higher levels of total renal mercury than loons in good body condition. Therefore, poor body condition in many loons was associated with two or more concurrent potential disease processes, although we could not establish a cause-effect relationship among these processes in individual birds. These results suggest that mortality in chronically ill wild animals can result from synergism among several potentially debilitating agents present in their environment.

Nutritional myodegeneration associated with dorsal scapular displacement in beef heifers.

Scapular displacement due to bilateral rupture of the serratus ventralis muscles ("flying scapula") occurred in four heifers from a large beef herd. Two of the four affected animals were necropsied. Additional animals on the farm developed intermittent lameness when enclosed on certain pastures. The lameness and scapular displacement were attributed to selenium deficiency in the feed and pasture environment. This is the first account of "flying scapula" in the United States.

Assessment of the histopathological lesions and chemical analysis of feral cats to the smoke from the Kuwait oil fires.

Twenty-six adult or subadult feral cats were collected from Kuwait approximately 8 months after the ignition of the Kuwait oil wells. These animals were obtained from two sources: 12 animals from Kuwait City, a relatively smoke-free area, and 14 from the city of Ahmadi, an area with heavy smoke. Animals were euthanized and a complete set of tissues consisting of all major organs was taken for histopathology. Samples of lung, liver, kidney, urine, and blood were also taken for toxicology. Histopathological lesions observed in the lung were mild accumulations of anthracotic pigment in the lungs of 17 cats. Hyperplasia of the bronchial and bronchiolar gland in 8 cats, and smooth muscle hyperplasia of bronchioles in 14 cats. Tracheal gland hyperplasia was observed in 7 cats, and minimal squamous metaplasia of the tracheal mucosa in 17 cats, Laryngeal lesions consisted of submucosal gland hyperplasia in 2 cats and squamous metaplasia of the mucosa in 5 cats. Hyperplasia of the nasal submucosal glands was observed in 6 animals. The pharyngeal mucosa as well as other organs and organ systems were normal in all cats. Atomic absorption analysis for 11 metals was performed; vanadium and nickel levels (two metals that were present in the smoke from the oil fires) are not indicative of substantial exposure to the oil fires. Based on the histopathological findings and toxicological analysis, it is felt that inhalation of air contaminated with smoke from the oil fires had little or no long-term effect on the animals examined.