ABSTRACT
Chinoline alkaloids found in Cinchona bark still play an important role in medicine, for example as antimalarial and antiarrhythmic drugs. For the first time Supercritical Fluid Chromatography has been utilized for their separation. Six respective derivatives (dihydroquinidine, dihydroquinine, quinidine, quinine, cinchonine and cinchonidine) could be resolved in less than 7â¯min, and three of them quantified in crude plant extracts. The optimum stationary phase showed to be an Acquity UPC2 Torus DEA 1.7⯵m column, the mobile phase comprised of CO2, acetonitrile, methanol and diethylamine. Method validation confirmed that the procedure is selective, accurate (recovery rates from 97.2% to 103.7%), precise (intra-day ≤2.2%, inter-day ≤3.0%) and linear (R2â¯≥â¯0.999); at 275â¯nm the observed detection limits were always below 2.5⯵g/ml. In all of the samples analyzed cinchonine dominated (1.87%-2.30%), followed by quinine and cinchonidine. Their total content ranged from 4.75% to 5.20%. These values are in good agreement with published data, so that due to unmatched speed and environmental friendly character SFC is definitely an excellent alternative for the analysis of these important natural products.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/analysis , Cinchona/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid , Cinchona/metabolism , Cinchona Alkaloids/analysis , Limit of Detection , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Bark/metabolism , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Quinidine/analogs & derivatives , Quinidine/analysis , Quinine/analysisABSTRACT
Quinas contains several compounds, such as quinoline alkaloids, principally quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cichonidine. Identified from barks of Cinchona, quinine is still commonly used to treat human malaria. Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) is proposed for the extraction of quinoline alkaloids from bark of Cinchona succirubra. The process is performed in four steps, which ensures complete, rapid and accurate extraction of the samples. Optimal conditions for extraction were obtained using a response surface methodology reached from a central composite design. The MIEL extraction has been compared with a conventional technique soxhlet extraction. The extracts of quinoline alkaloids from C. succirubra obtained by these two different methods were compared by HPLC. The extracts obtained by MIEL in 32 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine) similar to those obtained by conventional Soxhlet extraction in 3 hours. MIEL is a green technology that serves as a good alternative for the extraction of Cinchona alkaloids.
Subject(s)
Cinchona/chemistry , Plant Extracts/analysis , Quinolines/analysis , Antimalarials/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cinchona Alkaloids/analysis , Green Chemistry Technology , Microwaves , Plant Bark/chemistry , Quinidine/analysis , Quinine/analysisABSTRACT
The separation of ten plant extracts using automated multiple development thin-layer chromatography (AMD -TLC) is described. Alcoholic extracts were obtained from Cinchona succirubra, Aesculus hippocastanum, Berberis vulgaris. Artemisia abrotanum, Carduus marianus, Thuja occidentalis, Baptisia tinctoria, Paulinia cupana, Lycopus europaeus and Echinacea angustifolia. The separation was performed on silica plates (Sil G-50 UV 254 (Macherey-Nagel), 10 x 20 cm). AMD was achieved in 25 steps using methanol, ethyl acetate, toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 25% ammonia solution and anhydrous formic acid as modifiers. The chromatograms were evaluated with a Shimadzu CS-9000 dual-wavelength flying-spot scanner. Better separations were obtained using AMD than isocratic elution.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Artemisia , Berberine Alkaloids/analysis , Berberine Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cinchona , Cinchona Alkaloids/analysis , Cinchona Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Coumarins/analysis , Coumarins/isolation & purification , Densitometry , Flavonoids/analysis , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Saponins/analysis , Saponins/isolation & purification , Terpenes/analysis , Terpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Rapid and reliable methods are presented for the characterization of biologically active and/or characteristic constituents in aqueous extracts of Hamamelis virginiana, Matricaria chamomilla, Achillea millefolium, Thymus vulgaris, Althaea officinalis and Cinchonia spp. Prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation a clean-up step was performed using a solid-phase extraction system. The purified extracts were analysed by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector and a fluorescence detector. In some instances, previously unreported components of the aqueous plant extracts were found.