ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The present study was developed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the level of emotional flexibility and ambivalence related to emotional expression of divorced women. A general community sample of 30 divorced women was recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MBSR for 8 weeks, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The Emotional Flexibility Questionnaire (EFQ) and the Ambivalence Over the Expression of Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ) were administered to both groups before (pre) and after (post) the treatment. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed repeated-measures analyses of variance. The results showed that women in the treatment group had a significant increase in the total score of the EFQ and its components. In addition, the MBSR group had a significant decrease in the total score of the AEQ and its components. MBSR intervention shows potential for use with divorced women to help with emotion regulation and subsequent better adjustment to separation.
Subject(s)
Mindfulness , Humans , Female , Treatment Outcome , Mindfulness/methods , Pilot Projects , Divorce , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Stress, Psychological/psychology , EmotionsABSTRACT
Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir da teoria de bioecológica de desenvolvimento, as implicações da prática profissional no processo de acolhimento de crianças em uma casa-abrigo, na perspectiva de cuidadoras. As participantes foram 10 profissionais de uma casa-abrigo localizada na região sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a organização e análise dos dados sustentou-se na Grounded Theory, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Os resultados evidenciaram uma centralização das ações de acolhimento e atenção em torno dos cuidados físicos das crianças. As ações para promover suporte e cuidados emocionais dentro da casa-abrigo eram delegadas às profissionais da equipe técnica da instituição. Observou-se que as dificuldades encontradas pelas cuidadoras diziam respeito à falta de segurança e preparação para responder e acolher as demandas emocionais das crianças, as quais estão presentes em diversos momentos do processo de acolhimento. Percebeu-se que as práticas institucionais afetaram decisivamente tanto as ações de acolhimento das participantes e o suporte emocional oferecido às crianças na passagem pela casa-abrigo quanto as cuidadoras, no sentido de vivenciarem no trabalho sentimentos de insegurança. Os resultados tensionam ecologicamente a interação nos processos proximais presentes no desenvolvimento humano. Advoga-se pela reflexão sobre as implicações das práticas institucionais de uma casa-abrigo e o desenvolvimento infantil, visando o cuidado integral dos acolhidos.(AU)
Based on the developmental bioecological theory, this study analyzes the implications of professional practice in children's user embracement at a shelter from the caregivers' perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals from a shelter located in southern Brazil. Data organization and analysis was performed based on Grounded Theory using the Atlas.ti 8.4.14 software. Results showed that embracement and attention focus on the physical care of children. Support and emotional care activities were delegated to the institution's technical team. Caregivers faced difficulties regarding the lack of security and preparation to respond to and accept the children's emotional demands, which arise at different moments in the embracement process. The institutional practices decisively affected both user embracement actions and the emotional support offered to the children, as well as the caregivers, in the sense of experiencing feelings of insecurity. These findings ecologically tension the interaction in the proximal processes present in human development. Further reflections on the implications of institutional shelter-based practices for child development are needed to provide comprehensive care.(AU)
Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender, desde la perspectiva de la teoría bioecológica del desarrollo, las implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el proceso de acogida de niños en una institución infantil desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras. Las participantes fueron 10 profesionales de una institución de acogida infantil ubicada en la región Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, y para la organización y análisis de datos se aplicó Grounded Theory, con el uso del software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Los resultados mostraron que las acciones de recepción y atención se centran en el cuidado físico de los niños. Las acciones de promoción de apoyo y cuidado emocional dentro del alojamiento se asignaron a los profesionales del equipo técnico de la institución. Se observó que las dificultades encontradas por las cuidadoras estaban relacionadas con la falta de seguridad y preparación para responder y aceptar las demandas emocionales de los niños, las cuales se encuentran presentes en diferentes momentos del proceso de acogida. Se notó que las prácticas institucionales afectaron decisivamente tanto las acciones de acogida de las participantes como el apoyo emocional que la institución brinda a los niños durante su paso, así como a las cuidadoras en el sentido de experimentar sentimientos de inseguridad en el trabajo. Estos resultados tensan ecológicamente la interacción en los procesos proximales presentes en el desarrollo humano. Se aboga por reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de las prácticas institucionales en los alojamientos institucionales y el desarrollo infantil, apuntando a la atención integral de los acogidos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Professional Practice , Child , Caregivers , Ecology , User Embracement , Human Development , Pain , Parent-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior , Paternal Deprivation , Play and Playthings , Poverty , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Safety , Attention , Sibling Relations , Sleep , Social Adjustment , Social Change , Social Conditions , Social Environment , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Support , Sociology , Sports , Violence , Battered Child Syndrome , Women , Child Labor , Adoption , Divorce , Family , Child, Abandoned , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child Development , Child, Institutionalized , Child Rearing , Child, Unwanted , Child Welfare , Residence Characteristics , Family Characteristics , Health , Hygiene , Child of Impaired Parents , Liability, Legal , Hunger , Civil Disorders , Parenting , Interview , Domestic Violence , Cultural Diversity , Life , Crime Victims , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Affect , Culture , Personal Autonomy , Official Instructions , Defense Mechanisms , Adult Children , Stress Disorders, Traumatic , Qualitative Research , Friends , Minors , Adolescent Development , Human Rights Abuses , Diet , Alcoholism , Empathy , Health of Institutionalized Children , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Drug Users , Chemically-Induced Disorders , Enslaved Persons , Grounded Theory , Grandparents , Psychological Trauma , Child, Adopted , Child, Foster , Freedom , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Family Separation , Psychological Distress , Right to Health , Emotional Abuse , Freedom of Religion , Social Interaction , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Family Support , Household Work , Human Rights , Individuality , Institutionalization , Jealousy , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Love , Malpractice , Maternal Deprivation , Mental Disorders , Motivation , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
O distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19 levou a profundas mudanças na rotina das famílias com crianças pequenas, aumentando o estresse no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo analisou a experiência de planejamento e implementação de um projeto de extensão universitária que ofereceu orientação a pais com filhos de 0 a 11 anos por meio de chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia. O protocolo de atendimento foi desenvolvido para atender às necessidades de famílias de baixa renda e listava problemas específicos relacionados ao confinamento em casa e ao fechamento das escolas seguidos por uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento. A análise de 223 queixas relatadas pelos usuários em 130 ligações revelou que 94% dos problemas referidos pelos pais foram contemplados pelo protocolo de atendimento e estavam relacionados aos problemas externalizantes (39%) ou internalizantes (26%) das crianças ou ao declínio do bem-estar subjetivo dos pais (29%). Serviços de apoio devem orientar os pais quanto ao uso de práticas responsivas e assertivas que promovam o bem-estar emocional da criança e estabeleçam expectativas comportamentais em contextos estressantes. A diminuição dos conflitos entre pais e filhos resultante do uso dessas estratégias tende a reduzir o sofrimento dos pais, aumentando sua sensação de bem-estar subjetivo. Recomenda-se ampla divulgação dessas iniciativas e seguimento dos casos.(AU)
The social distancing the COVID-19 pandemic entailed has led to profound changes in the routine of families with young children, increasing stress in the home environment. This study analyzed the experience of planning and implementing a university extension program that offered support to parents with children from 0 to 11 years old via audio calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service protocol was developed to meet the needs of low-income families and listed specific problems related to home confinement and school closure followed by a variety of coping strategies. The analysis of 223 complaints reported by users in 130 calls revealed that 94% of the problems reported by parents were addressed by the protocol and were related to children's externalizing (39%) or internalizing (26%) problems or to the decline in parents' subjective well-being (29%). Support services should guide parents on the use of responsive and assertive practices that promote the child's emotional well-being and set behavioral expectations in stressful contexts. The reduction in conflicts between parents and children resulting from the use of these strategies tends to reduce parents' suffering, increasing their sense of subjective well-being. Wide dissemination of these initiatives and case follow-up are recommended.(AU)
La distancia social causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condujo a cambios profundos en la rutina de las familias con niños pequeños, aumentando el estrés en el entorno del hogar. Este estudio analizó la experiencia de planificar e implementar un proyecto de extensión universitaria que ofreció orientación a los padres con niños de cero a 11 años a través de llamadas de audio durante la pandemia COVID-19. El protocolo de atención se desarrolló para satisfacer las necesidades de las familias de bajos ingresos y enumeró problemas específicos relacionados con el confinamiento en el hogar y el cierre de la escuela, seguido de una variedad de estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis de 223 quejas informadas por los usuarios en 130 llamadas reveló que el 94% de los problemas informados por los padres fueron abordados por el protocolo de atención y estaban relacionados con los problemas de externalización (39%) o internalización (26%) de los niños o la disminución del bienestar subjetivo de los padres (29%). Los servicios de apoyo deberían aconsejar a los padres sobre el uso de prácticas receptivas y asertivas que promuevan el bienestar emocional del niño y establezcan expectativas de comportamiento en contextos estresantes. La reducción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos como resultado del uso de estas estrategias tiende a reducir el sufrimiento de los padres, aumentando su sensación de bienestar subjetivo. Se recomienda una amplia difusión de estas iniciativas y seguimiento de casos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Orientation , Parents , Personal Satisfaction , Child , Problem Behavior , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Appetite , Play and Playthings , Problem Solving , Psychology , Psychomotor Agitation , Quality of Life , Reading , Recreation , Remedial Teaching , Respiratory Tract Infections , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , School Health Services , Self Concept , Autistic Disorder , Sleep , Social Adjustment , Social Conditions , Social Conformity , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Telephone , Temperament , Therapeutics , Time , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior Therapy , Work Hours , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Child Abuse, Sexual , Boredom , Neurosciences , Virus Diseases , Activities of Daily Living , Bereavement , Exercise , Divorce , Child Abuse , Child Development , Mental Health , Mass Vaccination , Relaxation Therapy , Immunization , Self-Injurious Behavior , Civil Rights , Parenting , Panic Disorder , Interview , Cognition , Domestic Violence , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Lecture , Disabled Children , Wit and Humor , Internet , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Crying , Disaster Vulnerability , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Death , Friends , Aggression , Depression , Drive , Economics , Education, Special , Educational Status , Emotions , Empathy , Faculty , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Binge Drinking , Meals , Return to Work , Hope , Optimism , Pessimism , Self-Control , Phobia, Social , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work-Life Balance , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Screen Time , Disgust , Sadness , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Psychosocial Intervention , Teleworking , Financial Stress , Food Insecurity , Sentiment Analysis , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Family Support , Government , Guilt , Holistic Health , Homeostasis , Hospitalization , Household Work , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Anger , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In later life, the loss of a spouse due to divorce or widowhood is common and can lead to elevated depressive symptoms and loneliness. Research suggests that companion animal (CA) may be beneficial for psychological health, but limited research has explored whether CA can buffer negative consequences of social losses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study uses data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine changes in depressive symptoms and loneliness in relation to a social loss among those with/without a CA. We used inverse-probability weighted regression to adjust for selection factors and isolate effects of CA ownership on changes in psychological health. RESULTS: Regardless of CA ownership, spousal loss was associated with psychological health consequences. Facing a social loss without a CA was related to statistically greater increases in depressive symptoms relative to those with a pet (2.580 vs. 1.207 symptoms, respectively). Similarly, experiencing a loss was associated with significantly greater increases in loneliness, with statistically greater increases in loneliness among those without a CA (p < .01). However, those with a CA did not experience greater increases in loneliness than those who did not experience a loss. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In later life, CA ownership may buffer against the detrimental consequences of major social losses on psychological health. Future research on the therapeutic effects of CA ownership, as well as pet therapy, during other major life stage transitions is needed to help isolate potential mechanisms driving the benefits of human-animal interactions.
Subject(s)
Divorce/psychology , Pets/psychology , Widowhood/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Cats , Depression/psychology , Dogs , Female , Humans , Loneliness/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Spouses/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Anxiety , Depression , Divorce/psychology , Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods , Marijuana Abuse , Adult , Anxiety/complications , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety/therapy , Behavior Rating Scale , Depression/complications , Depression/psychology , Depression/therapy , Female , Humans , Marijuana Abuse/complications , Marijuana Abuse/psychology , Marijuana Abuse/therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In recent decades, due to the high prevalence of divorce in numerous countries and the detrimental aftermath thereof, it has become increasingly important to study the components of marital stability. The current study explored fundamental protective factors in long-term marriage through a systematic review. METHODS: Searches for relevant publications were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from their inception through January 30, 2019. Through the keyword search, 1,706 articles were found, of which 25 articles remained after screening based on the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: The extracted protective factors associated with marital stability in long-term marriage were classified as interpersonal and intrapersonal. Notable extracted factors included spirituality and religion, commitment, sexual relationship, communication, children, love and attachment, intimacy, and conflict resolution approach. These findings show that some aspects of relationships, such as commitment, act to preserve the pillars of marriage in critical situations, while other aspects, such as intimacy, help to construct marital identity and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The identified components of marital stability are structures that enhance a couple’s identity and sense of togetherness. Identifying the specific aspects of marital relationships that contribute to marital stability may help specialists and researchers to target specific types of marital interaction that may enhance the happiness and longevity of relationships, thereby preventing avoidable divorces.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Divorce , Happiness , Longevity , Love , Marriage , Mass Screening , Negotiating , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Specialization , SpiritualityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In recent decades, due to the high prevalence of divorce in numerous countries and the detrimental aftermath thereof, it has become increasingly important to study the components of marital stability. The current study explored fundamental protective factors in long-term marriage through a systematic review.METHODS: Searches for relevant publications were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from their inception through January 30, 2019. Through the keyword search, 1,706 articles were found, of which 25 articles remained after screening based on the eligibility criteria.RESULTS: The extracted protective factors associated with marital stability in long-term marriage were classified as interpersonal and intrapersonal. Notable extracted factors included spirituality and religion, commitment, sexual relationship, communication, children, love and attachment, intimacy, and conflict resolution approach. These findings show that some aspects of relationships, such as commitment, act to preserve the pillars of marriage in critical situations, while other aspects, such as intimacy, help to construct marital identity and satisfaction.CONCLUSIONS: The identified components of marital stability are structures that enhance a couple's identity and sense of togetherness. Identifying the specific aspects of marital relationships that contribute to marital stability may help specialists and researchers to target specific types of marital interaction that may enhance the happiness and longevity of relationships, thereby preventing avoidable divorces.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Divorce , Happiness , Longevity , Love , Marriage , Mass Screening , Negotiating , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Specialization , SpiritualityABSTRACT
The poignant testimony of Anne L. illustrates perfectly how the spiral of an abuser's hold closes around the victim. She describes how she met Charles and how their relationship, between passionate love and hate, hope and disillusion, progressed from psychological war to beatings, resulting in absolute domination. Supported today by a specialised network, even though she has managed to leave him, many questions remain for this victim and her scars are far from healed.
Subject(s)
Dominance-Subordination , Marriage , Spouse Abuse/psychology , Divorce/psychology , Domestic Violence/psychology , Fear , France , Humans , Love , Mental Healing , Power, Psychological , Self Care/psychologyABSTRACT
Military Service Members are often exposed to high levels of occupational noise, solvents, and other exposures that can be damaging to the auditory system. Little is known about hearing loss and how it progresses in Veterans following military service. This epidemiology study is designed to evaluate and monitor a cohort of Veterans for 20 years or more to determine how hearing loss changes over time and how those changes are related to noise exposure and other ototoxic exposures encountered during military service. Data reported here are from baseline assessments of the first 100 study participants (84 males; 16 females; mean age 33.5 years; SD 8.8; range 21-58). Each participant was asked to complete a comprehensive audiologic examination and self-report questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics, noise and solvent exposures, health conditions common among post-deployment Veterans, and the social and emotional consequences of hearing loss. For this relatively young cohort, 29% exhibited hearing loss, defined as average hearing threshold >20 dB HL in the conventional audiometric range. Forty-two percent exhibited hearing loss in the extended-high-frequency audiometric range using the same criterion (average hearing threshold >20 dB HL). Certain factors were found to be associated with poorer hearing in both conventional and extended-high-frequency ranges, including age, type of military branch, years of military service, number of military deployments, noise exposure, tinnitus, and a positive screen for post-traumatic stress disorder. Although the majority of participants had hearing within normal limits, 27% reported a self-perceived mild/moderate hearing handicap and 14% reported a significant handicap. Further research is needed to identify a cause for this discrepancy in audiologic results versus self-report. The information obtained from this longitudinal study could be used in future resource planning with the goal of preventing, as much as possible, the development of hearing loss during military service, and the exacerbation of prevalent hearing loss after military service and over Veterans' lifetimes.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception , Divorce , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/psychology , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/psychology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Tinnitus/psychology , Veterans/psychology , Acoustic Stimulation , Adult , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Auditory Perception/drug effects , Auditory Threshold , Disability Evaluation , Female , Hearing/drug effects , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/physiopathology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Solvents/adverse effects , Speech Perception , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Tinnitus/diagnosis , Tinnitus/physiopathology , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
To explore the effectiveness of a mentalization-based therapeutic intervention specifically developed for parents in entrenched conflict over their children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled intervention study in the United Kingdom to work with both parents postseparation, and the first to focus on mentalization in this situation. Using a mixed-methods study design, 30 parents were randomly allocated to either mentalization-based therapy for parental conflict-Parenting Together, or the Parents' Group, a psycho-educational intervention for separated parents based on elements of the Separated Parents Information Program-part of the U.K. Family Justice System and approximating to treatment as usual. Given the challenges of recruiting parents in these difficult circumstances, the sample size was small and permitted only the detection of large differences between conditions. The data, involving repeated measures of related individuals, was explored statistically, using hierarchical linear modeling, and qualitatively. Significant findings were reported on the main predicted outcomes, with clinically important trends on other measures. Qualitative findings further contributed to the understanding of parents' subjective experience, pre- and posttreatment. Findings indicate that a larger scale randomized controlled trial would be worthwhile. These encouraging findings shed light on the dynamics maintaining these high-conflict situations known to be damaging to children. We established that both forms of intervention were acceptable to most parents, and we were able to operate a random allocation design with extensive quantitative and qualitative assessments of the kind that would make a larger-scale trial feasible and productive. (PsycINFO Database Record
Subject(s)
Divorce/psychology , Family Conflict/psychology , Marital Therapy/methods , Parents/psychology , Theory of Mind , Child , Cooperative Behavior , Education, Nonprofessional , Feasibility Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Male , Object Attachment , Parent-Child Relations , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Random Allocation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The transcultural consultation is a form of group therapy which is aimed at families from other countries, using a method which enables children, through drawing, to express themselves in a group. The favoured means of communication for children, drawing is an effective way of liberatingthoughts and giving meaning to family history. Incorporated into the overall narrative, it can thereby be a form of mediation, on condition that it is integrated into the therapeutic programme. This article reflects on the characteristics of the drawings produced by these children who have different cultures and different ways of drawing.
Subject(s)
Art Therapy/methods , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Family Therapy/methods , Islam/psychology , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Referral and Consultation , Transcultural Nursing , Adult , Child , Divorce/psychology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A case of pediatric oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) with concomitant emotional dysregulation and secondary behavioral disruptiveness was treated with hypnosis by means of the hypnotic hold, a method adapted by the authors. An A-B-A-B time-series design with multiple replications was employed to measure the relationship of the hypnotic treatment to the dependent measure: episodes of emotional dysregulation with accompanying behavioral disruptiveness. The findings indicated a statistically significant relationship between the degree of change from phase to phase and the treatment. Follow-up at 6 months indicated a significant reduction of the frequency of targeted episodes of emotional dysregulation and behavioral disruptiveness at home.
Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms/therapy , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy , Hypnosis/methods , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child Custody , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Divorce/psychology , Humans , Immobilization/psychology , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Male , Personality AssessmentABSTRACT
Enhancement of pattern separation could be helpful in improving the quality of normal daily learning and in treating individuals with cognitive impairment and certain psychiatric disorders. Previously, we have shown that elevating brain magnesium, by a novel magnesium compound (magnesium-L-threonate; MgT), enhances extinction of fear memory without enhancing amygdala-dependent fear memory. Here, we investigated the effects of MgT treatment on contextual-fear memory and subsequent pattern separation. Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated with MgT for 4 weeks and memory was evaluated using a spatial-context fear conditioning task. The pattern separation ability of MgT-treated rats was assessed using a spatial-context-discrimination task. MgT treatment did not enhance the retention of contextual-fear memory. Interestingly, the ability to discriminate between two, more or less distinct, contexts was enhanced in MgT-treated rats. Our results suggest that elevation of brain magnesium might be helpful in enhancing spatial-context discrimination and/or pattern separation besides preventing aversive-event-induced overgeneralization of fear.
Subject(s)
Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects , Extinction, Psychological/drug effects , Fear/drug effects , Magnesium Compounds/pharmacology , Space Perception/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects , Divorce , Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects , Magnesium/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Threonine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: There are a number of reports from traditional medical practice in Zimbabwe and neighboring countries and few in vitro studies suggesting an effect with extracts of Boophone disticha in some forms of anxiety disorder. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to validate the use of Boophone disticha in treatment of anxiety, this study was set to determine the effects of the plant extracts on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in adult BALB/c mice subjected to repeated early maternal separation (MS) stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test whether early life stress increases anxiety in mice, non-invasive tail cuff method was used to examine the autonomic nervous system activity by assessing cardiovascular reactivity and response to acute mixing stress (AMS) and restraint stress (RS) in adult mice subjected to early postnatal stress as compared to control. AMS-induced cardiovascular response was then evaluated in adult MS mice treated with Boophone disticha as compared to vehicle and diazepam. RESULTS: Comparisons of the BP and HR measurements indicated that MS significantly reduced AMS-induced HR responses in BALB/c mice when compared with control. Boophone disticha treatment significantly reduced AMS-induced BP response in BALB/c MS mice as compared to vehicle and diazepam treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate for the first time that postnatal stress can induce short-term changes in the sensitivity of the cardiovascular system to subsequent stress which can be reduced by treatment with a freeze dried aqueous ethanolic extract of Boophone disticha.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/drug therapy , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Divorce/psychology , Liliaceae/chemistry , Medicine, African Traditional/methods , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Stress, Psychological/drug therapy , Animals , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Ethanol/chemistry , Female , Heart Rate/drug effects , Maternal Deprivation , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Water/chemistry , ZimbabweABSTRACT
The lived experiences of being resilient as described by 13 single Taiwanese mothers after divorce was the focus of this study. A descriptive phenomenological approach to inquiry was the theoretical framework underpinning the study. Information was gathered through two in-depth face-to-face digitally recorded interviews with each participant. Each of the participants had suffered from depression. For the analysis of the participants' transcripts of interview the authors used Colaizzi's method. Four themes emerged from the analysis process: having faith in God, bending with the ebb and flow of daily life, finding strength in the support and friendship of others, and new found freedom and hope for the future. Findings of this study have the potential to enhance understanding of the mental health needs of single mothers and their children in the provision of holistic health care delivery.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Asian People/psychology , Divorce/psychology , Life Change Events , Mothers/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Adult , Cohort Studies , Divorce/ethnology , Female , Humans , Motivation , Single-Parent Family/ethnology , Single-Parent Family/psychology , TaiwanABSTRACT
pH-Zone-refining counter-current chromatography (pH-zone-refining CCC) was successfully applied for the large-scale separation of alkaloids from Corydalis bungeana. The crude extract was separated by a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:5:2:8, v/v) where triethylamine (10 mM) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid (5 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase as a displacer. As a result, 285 mg of protopine, 86 mg of corynoloxine, 430 mg of coryno1ine, and 115 mg of acetylcorynoline were obtained from 3.0 g of crude extract in a one-step separation. The purities of these compounds were 99.1%, 98.3%, 99.0% and 98.5%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. The chemical structures of these isolated compounds were confirmed by ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemistry , Corydalis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Alkaloids/classification , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Countercurrent Distribution , Divorce , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Solvents/chemistryABSTRACT
Treatment advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as oocyte donation and gestational surrogacy have introduced a new cohort of intended parents and new family constellations. Who these parents are and how their children are doing is the focus of this paper. Special emphasis will be paid to the impact of delayed parenthood on oocyte donation, the increasing numbers of gestational surrogacy participants (intended parents and surrogates), and the growing numbers of gay male couples seeking fatherhood through ART. While it appears that children of these new family constellations are doing well, research is limited and longitudinal studies of their health and well being are needed.
Subject(s)
Adult Children/psychology , Parents/psychology , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child Development , Divorce , Female , Fertilization in Vitro/psychology , Gender Identity , Homosexuality, Male/psychology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Oocyte Donation/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Pregnancy , Reproductive Behavior/psychology , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/psychology , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/trends , Social Adjustment , Surrogate Mothers/psychology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative case study, analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method, was to gain a holistic understanding of the lived-experience of a male victim of intimate partner violence and the real-life context in which the violence emerged.
Subject(s)
Spouse Abuse/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Divorce/psychology , Humans , Male , Narration , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Survivors/psychology , United StatesABSTRACT
This study represents the first longitudinal effort to use a spiritual stress and coping model to predict adults' psychosocial adjustment following divorce. A community sample of 89 participants completed measures at the time of their divorce and 1 year later. Though the sample endorsed slightly lower levels of religiosity than the general U.S. population, most reported spiritual appraisals and positive and negative religious coping tied to divorce. Hierarchical regression analyses controlling general religiousness and nonreligious forms of coping indicated that (a) appraising divorce as a sacred loss or desecration at the time it occurred predicted more depressive symptoms and dysfunctional conflict tactics with the ex-spouse 1 year later; (b) positive religious coping reported about the year following divorce predicted greater posttraumatic growth 1 year after divorce; and (c) negative religious coping reported about the year following divorce predicted more depressive symptoms 1 year after the divorce. Bootstrapping mediation analyses indicated that negative religious coping fully mediated links between appraising the divorce as a sacred loss or desecration at the time it occurred and depressive symptoms 1 year later. In addition, moderation analyses revealed that negative religious coping is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms among those who form high versus low appraisals of their divorce as a sacred loss or desecration. These findings are relevant to divorce education and intervention provided by professionals in legal, family, mental health, and clerical roles. Implications are discussed for clinical and counseling psychology and religious communities.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological/physiology , Depression/psychology , Divorce/psychology , Spirituality , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Social Adjustment , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
The Beta Israel (House of Israel) represent a total number of more than 100,000 individuals. Ethiopian Jewish culture is based on a tribal cultural model. With their arrival in Israel, many difficulties surfaced. Ethiopian Jews had to deal with cultural choices that challenged their traditions. It has been suggested that the trauma of their journey coupled to the difficulties of the adaptation process to Israeli society, ( the culture shock), was directly responsible for psychopathology found among this population. It also appeared that culture plays a central role in the construction of the clinical picture, blurring at times the boundary between expressions of distress and pathology. It became increasingly difficult to draw the line between culturally normative behavior and psychopathology. The following case report underlines the importance of socio cultural considerations in both staff and patients, and illustrates the dangers of misdiagnosis due to patient therapeutic team cultural clash. A 41 year old woman of Ethiopian origin was hospitalized for suspected schizophrenia. Because of the striking contrast between the patients behavior, responses and so called psychotic content, possible misunderstanding based on cultural differences was considered by the clinical management team. This case underlines the dangers of the psychiatric diagnostic process, emphasizes the important role of sociocultural backgrounds of both staff and patients in patient management and encourages the consideration of cultural factors in all patient evaluations.