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Complementary Medicines
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1.
Asclepio ; 68(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158650

ABSTRACT

En octubre de 1863 Rafael Castro y Ordóñez, artista y fotógrafo de la Comisión Científica del Pacífico, viajó junto al naturalista Francisco de Paula Martínez y Sáez por el estado de California. La Comisión acompañaba una expedición militar y política de corte panhispanista. Fruto de aquel viaje el artista produjo una veintena de fotografías, dibujos y varias cartas que se publicarían en la revista El Museo Universal. Fotografías y crónicas del viaje conforman un corpus de excepcional valor que permite reconstruir el proyecto y su fabricación de una nueva imagen de América tras la independencia de las antiguas colonias y la irrupción de los Estados Unidos como potencia emergente. Este trabajo analiza este discurso y cómo se articuló con relación a este recién incorporado territorio de los Estados Unidos. A lo largo del estudio se revelarán varios fenómenos interesantes, como la ruptura ocasional del discurso, la circulación de las fotografías más allá del contexto de la Expedición o las conexiones de este viaje de exploración con el fenómeno del turismo (AU)


In October 1863, Rafael Castro y Ordóñez, artist and photographer of the Comisión Científica del Pacífico, traveled across the State of California in the company of naturalist Francisco de Paula Martínez y Sáez. The Comisión was associated with a pan-Hispanic military and political expedition. As a result of the expedition the artist produced around twenty photographs, drawings, and several letters that were ultimately published by the Spanish pictorial magazine El Museo Universal. Both his photographs and travel accounts make up an exceptionally valuable body of knowledge allowing to reconstruct not only the Comisión project but also its attempt at portraying a new image of America following the independence of Spain’s former colonies and the ascent of the United States as a world power. This paper analyzes both this discourse and its expression in relation to California, a then recently incorporated US territory. Several interesting phenomena, including occasional breaches in the discourse, the circulation of photographs beyond the expedition’s context, and the connections of this exploration journey with tourism, will be unveiled in the course of the present study (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 19th Century , Expeditions/history , Photograph/history , Botany/history , Forestry/history , Mining/history , Ethnobotany/history , California/epidemiology
3.
Rev Hist Pharm (Paris) ; 62(381): 39-46, 2014 Jan.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25668911

ABSTRACT

This article describes an unpublished correspondence between Augustin-Ambroise Delondre (1823- 1879), son of the famous pharmacist Augustin - Pierre Delondre and Friedrich August Flückiger, Swiss pharmacist (1828-1894), professor between 1873 to 1892 of the Chair in pharmacy at the university of Strasbourg and considered as the father of pharmacognosy. This set of 9 unique hand- written letters (1868 and 1869) allows to have an clearer idea of their scientific and human relations.


Subject(s)
Correspondence as Topic/history , History of Pharmacy , Expeditions/history , Faculty/history , France , History, 19th Century , Humans , Phytotherapy/history , Switzerland
5.
Forsch Komplementmed ; 19(3): 143-52, 2012.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22759729

ABSTRACT

The spreading of Tibetan Buddhism and with it the Tibetan medicine in the region east of Lake Baikal, goes back to the 17th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, German speaking scholars were among the first to undertake scientific expeditions through Siberia. As such they were amongst the first scientists of the modern era who encountered the traditions, concepts, and therapeutic methods of Tibetan medicine. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze these first encounters with Tibetan medicine by the example of selected men of science of the 18th and 19th century. This work is based on extensive studies of sources in archives and libraries in Russia and Switzerland. We found documents related to the following scientists: Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (1685-1735), Johann Georg Gmelin (1709-1755), Erik Laxmann (1737-1796), Friedrich Adelung (1768-1843), and Joseph Rehmann (1779-1831). They mentioned the distribution of Tibetan medicine within Russia, the use of medicinal plants and formulas as well as therapeutic techniques. For the scientific community of the time these first encounters of Europeans with practitioners of Tibetan medicine could not lift Tibetan medicine out of other exotic context in the field of ethnography. For today's researchers, these encounters are an important evidence for more than 300 years of development of Tibetan medicine on the vast territory of Siberia. The practice and the scientific examination of Tibetan medicine in Siberia is an active endeavor until today. The present work shows that it is possible and rewarding to follow up the historic and cultural connections from Europe to Asia via the Siberian link.


Subject(s)
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional/history , Culture , Europe , Expeditions/history , Germany , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Siberia
7.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 155: A2818, 2011.
Article in Dutch | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21447209

ABSTRACT

The Dutch expansion into tropical climates, starting in the 1590s, posed practical problems of prevention and therapy for the doctors and surgeons of the trading companies (the Dutch West India Company (WIC) and the Dutch East India Company (VOC)). The first specialised manual on tropical medicine was published in Dutch in 1694. It presented information that was based on practical experience and on knowledge obtained from earlier colonists and from the indigenous population. Obtaining information from the latter required the help of a specific kind of researcher, the so-called 'adventurer-scientists'. One of the most important among them was the German Georg Marcgraf, who in 1639 joined an expedition of slave traders to the inlands of Brazil to collect botanical and zoological information, including information on medicinal plants.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Continuing/history , Ethnopharmacology/history , Tropical Medicine/history , Brazil , Expeditions/history , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Humans , Netherlands
9.
Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi ; 40(2): 105-8, 2010 Mar.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20510099

ABSTRACT

'Interpretive outline of Dunhuang medical literature', hidden in Russia, which was written by Li Ying-cun, was the required reading book for the researchers of Dunhuang medical literature. By carefully reading this book and contrasting it with the original volumes, we can find that there are still careless omissions in the aspects of knowledge, sentences and phrases and interpretations in this book. As a result, we supplement and correct it by combining other relevant literature.


Subject(s)
Expeditions/history , Manuscripts, Medical as Topic/history , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , China , History, Ancient , Russia
10.
Ann Fr Anesth Reanim ; 28(4): 332-8, 2009 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19356891

ABSTRACT

One of the most erroneous and repeated assertion in the history of pharmacology for anaesthetists is to say that "the curare was introduced in Europe by Sir Walter Raleigh under the name of ourari". On the contrary, the names to be reminded are: Lawrence Keymis for the first citation of the word ourari, José Gumilla for the word curare and the description of its effects, Charles-Marie de La Condamine for the import of the first known samples. The mistake was initiated by Alexander von Humboldt and developed by the physiologist Münter, a student of Johannes Müller, quoted by Claude Bernard. The repetition of this error was facilitated by the world diffusion of Claude Bernard's work.


Subject(s)
Curare/history , Expeditions/history , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/history , Curare/poisoning , Europe , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Indians, South American/history , Neuromuscular Blockade/history , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/poisoning , South America
11.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 15(4): 1025-1038, out.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506986

ABSTRACT

O início do século XIX, no Brasil, registrou intenso movimento de investigação da natureza e presença de várias expedições com o propósito de formar um corpo de conhecimentos sobre a flora brasileira. Tais expedições tinham como um de seus principais objetivos o mapeamento e a identificação de espécies vegetais que pudessem ser utilizadas para exploração econômica e em práticas terapêuticas. Em tal contexto o viajante baiano Antônio Moniz de Souza viveu e desenvolveu suas atividades. Nas primeiras décadas do século XIX, percorreu algumas localidades do território brasileiro, observando, catalogando e coletando produtos dos três reinos da natureza. O estudo desse personagem põe em evidência características importantes da exploração da natureza e os saberes e usos de plantas medicinais no período.


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Expeditions/history , Flora/history , History of Medicine , Herbal Medicine/history , Plants, Medicinal , Brazil
12.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 15(4): 1025-1038, out.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-16368

ABSTRACT

O início do século XIX, no Brasil, registrou intenso movimento de investigação da natureza e presença de várias expedições com o propósito de formar um corpo de conhecimentos sobre a flora brasileira. Tais expedições tinham como um de seus principais objetivos o mapeamento e a identificação de espécies vegetais que pudessem ser utilizadas para exploração econômica e em práticas terapêuticas. Em tal contexto o viajante baiano Antônio Moniz de Souza viveu e desenvolveu suas atividades. Nas primeiras décadas do século XIX, percorreu algumas localidades do território brasileiro, observando, catalogando e coletando produtos dos três reinos da natureza. O estudo desse personagem põe em evidência características importantes da exploração da natureza e os saberes e usos de plantas medicinais no período. (AU)


Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Plants, Medicinal , Flora/history , Expeditions/history , History of Medicine , Herbal Medicine/history , Brazil
13.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 115(3): 339-60, 2008 Feb 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18079078

ABSTRACT

The earliest inhabitants of South Africa are believed to be the Khoi-Khoi and San peoples, whose knowledge of economic botany is extensive. Their ethnomedical practice, based on the plant species indigenous to the region, is an oral tradition and particularly susceptible to disruption. The culture of both peoples has during the past 350 years come under increasing threat of extinction, resulting in the likely loss to science of important ethnomedical knowledge. While written records of Khoi-San traditional medical practice are preserved in English, they mainly cover the period from 1800 onward. Earlier written records do exist, but do not appear to have been adequately screened. The present study was undertaken in order to complete the historical written record by critically examining all potential sources of Khoi and San ethnomedical information, for the years 1650-1800. These sources comprised journals of exploratory expeditions, herbarium specimens, published academic works and archival records associated with the activities of the former Dutch East India Company (VOC) at the Cape. The results of the search show that the VOC had a great interest in Khoi and San traditional medicines and attempted to record this knowledge. The VOC archives in particular represent a largely untapped source of ethnomedical information with potential application in health care, new drug development and intellectual property protection.


Subject(s)
Ethnopharmacology/history , Expeditions/history , Medicine, African Traditional/history , Archives/history , Commerce , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Humans , Intellectual Property , Netherlands , Plants, Medicinal , South Africa/ethnology
14.
In. Almeida, Marta de; Vergara, Moema de Rezende. Ciência, história e historiografia. São Paulo, Via Lettera, 2008. p.377-388, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520543

ABSTRACT

Demonstra a existência de uma rede de troca de informações que se dava entre os inacianos no interior do continente americano. Acredita-se que dados sobre as plantas e animais coletados na América pelos jesuítas não eram apenas remetidos para a Europa, como vem sendo valorizado nos estudos sobre o impacto dos descobrimentos na ampliação do conhecimento sobre História Natural e da medicina durante a Época Moderna. Ao mesmo tempo em que as informações chegaram à Europa por meio de cartas e crônicas, estas mesmas informações eram trocadas pelos missionários no âmbito do continente americano, ou seja, havia uma circulação do conhecimento sobre as virtudes das plantas, circularidade esta garantida tanto pela movimentação dos missinários na América, quanto pela existência de textos manuscritos. A produção do conhecimento sobre a natureza americana fez parte das estratégias de conquista e ocupação das novas terras, as informações sobre características climáticas e sobre as virtudes dos animais e plantas foram fundamentais para garantir a manutenção da sociedade colonial. Entre os grupos que contribuíram para edificação de uma nova sociedade nos trópicos, os jesuítas foram agentes importantes para a produção e difusão do conhecimento sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo durante aquela época.


Subject(s)
History, 16th Century , Expeditions/history , Fauna/history , Flora/history , History of Medicine , Natural History/history , Manuscript , Plants, Medicinal , Brazil
15.
In. Porto, Ângela de Araújo. Enfermidades endêmicas da capitania de Mato Grosso: a memória de Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira. Rio de Janeiro, FIOCRUZ, 2008. p.123-141. (Coleção História e Saúde).
Monography in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-16503

ABSTRACT

Reproduz a 'Lista da Botica' que Américo Pires de Lima compilou do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, na qual Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira requisitava ao capitão-general do Grão-Pará, João Pereira Caldas, uma série de itens que precisava repor para prosseguir viagem. É com base nessa lista da botica que o autor obteve pistas e indícios sobre algumas práticas e concepções das artes da cura no final do setecentos, no mundo luso-brasileiro, no contexto da ilustração. A botica portátil era uma caixa ou baú feito de madeira ou couro, em que eram guardados os medicamentos necessários para uma longa viagem (AU)


Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , History of Medicine , Medicine, Traditional/history , Expeditions/history , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmacy/history , Brazil , Portugal
16.
In. Almeida, Marta de; Vergara, Moema de Rezende. Ciência, história e historiografia. São Paulo, Via Lettera, 2008. p.377-388, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | HISA - History of Health | ID: his-16601

ABSTRACT

Demonstra a existência de uma rede de troca de informações que se dava entre os inacianos no interior do continente americano. Acredita-se que dados sobre as plantas e animais coletados na América pelos jesuítas não eram apenas remetidos para a Europa, como vem sendo valorizado nos estudos sobre o impacto dos descobrimentos na ampliação do conhecimento sobre História Natural e da medicina durante a Época Moderna. Ao mesmo tempo em que as informações chegaram à Europa por meio de cartas e crônicas, estas mesmas informações eram trocadas pelos missionários no âmbito do continente americano, ou seja, havia uma circulação do conhecimento sobre as virtudes das plantas, circularidade esta que garantida tanto pela movimentação dos missinários na América, quanto pela existência de textos manuscritos. A produção do conhecimento sobre a natureza americana fez parte das estratégias de conquista e ocupação das novas terras, as informações sobre características climáticas e sobre as virtudes dos animais e plantas foram fundamentais para garantir a manutenção da sociedade colonial. Entre o os grupos que contribuíram para edificação de uma nova sociedade nos trópicos, os jesuítas foram agentes importantes para a produção e difusão do conhecimento sobre a fauna e a flora do Novo Mundo durante aquela época (AU)


Subject(s)
History, 16th Century , History of Medicine , Natural History/history , Expeditions/history , Manuscript/history , Plants, Medicinal , Flora/history , Fauna/history , Brazil
18.
J R Coll Physicians Edinb ; 32(3): 189-96, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12434796

ABSTRACT

On of the most compelling sagas in the history of medicine and therapeutics is the emergence of the Peruvian bark (Cinchona) and also of the pharmacologically active substance derived from it, quinine. Its discovery involved exploration, exploitation and secrecy, and it came, in the nineteenth century, to reflect the struggles of the major European powers for domination, territory and profit. This short history shows how the use of Cinchona enabled the exploration of dangerous malarial areas and in this way facilitated imperial expansion by the Western powers.


Subject(s)
Colonialism/history , Expeditions/history , Malaria/history , Plants, Medicinal , Quinine/history , Americas , Europe , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century
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