Listening to the Fathers of Twins-Being Sensitive to Fathers' Needs in Maternity and Child Healthcare.

Objective: In a multiple-birth family, parenthood means being a parent to more than one child of the same age. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of fathers of twins in order to contribute to the understanding of twin fatherhood and the needs for support. This article also provides some concrete guidance for midwives and nurses. Design: This qualitative research study was guided by the hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Setting: Notification of the study was published on the Multiple Births Association website for the fathers of twins. The data comprised fathers' (n = 6) diaries and/or notes and in-depth interviews. Results: The following themes describe the phenomenon of being a father of twins: "Fatherhood of twins grows gradually", "Strengthening of twin fatherhood by being present and involved", "Father develops his relationship with each and both of the twins", and "Making space for multiple fatherhood". This article concentrates on the latter two themes. Conclusions: Fatherhood/parenthood is a very special time in a person's life and has many effects on a child's health and wellbeing and his/her life. Fathers of twins want to create a close bond with them by being actively present and involved in the children's daily life, also with a view to the future. The staff of the hospital and maternity and child health clinic play a vital role in implementing services meant for multiple-birth families in the holistic understanding of and support for fathers/parents during the transition to parenthood and after the children's birth. Implications for practice: Midwives and nurses are vital in providing support for, sharing knowledge with, and giving advice to fathers and different kinds of families. Multiprofessional cooperation that links evidence-based knowledge, theory, and practice, ensuring that the voices of both parents are heard and respected, is key to improving the care for different kinds of families and families with special needs.

Short-term Music Therapy for Families With Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate short-term effects of music therapy (MT) for premature infants and their caregivers on mother-infant bonding, parental anxiety, and maternal depression. METHODS: Parallel, pragmatic, randomized controlled-trial conducted in 7 level III NICUs and 1 level IV NICU in 5 countries enrolling premature infants (<35 weeks gestational age at birth) and their parents. MT included 3 sessions per week with parent-led, infant-directed singing supported by a music therapist. Primary outcome was mother-infant bonding as measured by the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at discharge from NICU. Secondary outcomes were parents' symptoms of anxiety measured by General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and maternal depression measured by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Group differences at the assessment timepoint of discharge from hospital were tested by linear mixed effect models (ANCOVA). RESULTS: From August 2018 to April 2020, 213 families were enrolled in the study, of whom 108 were randomly assigned to standard care and 105 to MT. Of the participants, 208 of 213 (98%) completed treatment and assessments. Participants in the MT group received a mean (SD) of 10 sessions (5.95), and 87 of 105 participants (83%) received the minimum of 6 sessions. The estimated group effect (95% confidence interval) for PBQ was -0.61 (-1.82 to 0.59). No significant differences between groups were found (P = .32). No significant effects for secondary outcomes or subgroups were found. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-led, infant-directed singing supported by a music therapist resulted in no significant differences between groups in mother-infant bonding, parental anxiety, or maternal depression at discharge.

Hypothalamus volume in men: Investigating associations with paternal status, self-reported caregiving beliefs, and adult attachment style.

Most studies on mammalian caregiving and attachment focused on the mother-child relationship, particularly in humans. Yet, changing societal roles of male caregivers have highlighted the necessity for research with fathers.We examined the volume of the hypothalamus, an important subcortical brain area for caregiving and attachment, in N = 50 fathering (child age 5-6 years) and N = 45 non-fathering men using a novel technique to identify the hypothalamus in 3T MRI. We furthermore employed three self-report measures to assess interindividual differences in adult attachment style across all men and caregiving beliefs in fathers.While we did not observe any significant difference in hypothalamus volume between fathers and non-fathers or associations between hypothalamus volume and self-reported adult attachment style across all men, self-reported caregiving beliefs were positively related to total hypothalamus volume in fathers. A follow-up analysis showed that fathers' self-reported belief that a father's role is important to child development was specifically related to tuberal hypothalamus volume, while self-reported enjoyment of spending time with the child was not associated with sub-regional hypothalamus volume.Together, these findings suggest that interindividual variability in self-reported caregiving beliefs in fathers is related to brain structure, warranting further research.

Vivências paternas de bebês prematuros, musicoterapia e posição canguru: análise de conteúdo / Paternal experiences of premature babies, music therapy and the kangaroo position: content analysis / Experiencias paternas de bebês prematuros, musicoterapia y posición canguro: análisis de contenido

OBJETIVO: Compreender as vivências e percepções paternas em relação à realização da posição canguru associada ou não a música. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo tendo como referencial teórico Cuidado Centrado na Família. A amostra foi constituída por pais com idade entre 19 a 39 anos, possuíam recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados e que tiveram a oportunidade de realizar posição canguru associada ou não a musicoterapia. A coleta ocorreu no período de abril a junho de 2020. Para a análise utilizou o referencial metodológico Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: As falas permitiram a identificação de cinco categorias: Sentimentos proporcionados pelo primeiro canguru; Contato pele a pele e o despertar da paternidade; Ressignificando o canguru por meio da música; Música e seus significados; Sentimento paterno referente à música e COVID-19. CONCLUSÃO: A musicoterapia associada a posição canguru configurou-se para o pai como um momento de fortalecimento do vínculo pai e filho, bem como redução de sentimento de tristeza e ansiedade.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences and perceptions of fathers of premature babies regarding the realization of the kangaroo position with or without music. METHOD: Qualitative study with the Family-Centered Care theoretical framework. The sample consisted of parents aged between 19 and 39 years old, who had hospitalized premature newborns and who had the opportunity to perform a kangaroo position with or without music therapy. The collection took place from April to June 2020. The Content Analysis methodological framework was used. RESULTS: The speeches allowed the identification of five categories: Feelings provided by the first kangaroo position; Skin-to-skin contact and the awakening of fatherhood; Re-signifying the kangaroo care method through music; Music and its meanings; Paternal feelings regarding music and COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Music therapy associated with the kangaroo position for the father was considered a moment which strengthened the father-child bond, as well as reducing sadness and anxiety.

OBJETIVO: Comprender las vivencias y percepciones paternas sobre la realización de la posición canguro asociada o no a la música. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo que tiene como marco teórico el Cuidado Centrado en la Familia. La muestra estuvo constituida por padres de entre 19 y 39 años, que habían hospitalizado a recién nacidos prematuros y que tuvieron la oportunidad de realizar una posición canguro con o sin musicoterapia. La recolección sellevó a cabo de abril a junio de 2020. Para el análisis se utilizó el marco metodológico de Análisis de Contenido. RESULTADOS: Los discursos permitieron identificar cinco categorías: Sentimientos proporcionados por el primer canguro; El contacto piel con piel y el despertar de la paternidad; Re-significar el canguro através de la música; Música y sus significados; Sentimiento paterno con respecto a la música y COVID-19. CONCLUSIÓN: La musicoterapia asociada a la posición canguro se configuró para el padre como un momento de fortalecimiento del vínculo padre-hijo, además de reducir la sensación de tristeza y ansiedad.

An Integrative Review of Fathers' Needs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Having a child admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is traumatic for both parents, but mothers and fathers may have different experiences, and thus, different needs. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify the needs of fathers of premature infants. A systematic review of 7 databases was conducted, and studies were evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Programme checklist. To provide structure for searching and reporting findings, the Whittemore and Knafle interpretive methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis methodology were used. A total of 19 articles were identified. The resulting themes included: need to be close to infant and involved in infant's care; need for information; need for a better NICU environment; need for emotional support; and need for a relationship with the NICU staff.

The effect of video-mediated communication on father-infant bonding and transition to fatherhood during and after Satogaeri Bunben.

AIMS: The study aimed to explore the effect of video-mediated communication on father-infant bonding and transition to fatherhood during and after Satogaeri Bunben. BACKGROUND: Satogaeri Bunben is a Japanese perinatal tradition that results in the pregnant wife and husband living apart, which may interfere with father-infant bonding and transition to fatherhood. DESIGN/METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted from July 2012 to November 2015. Participants were divided into two groups (Treatment/Control). Quantitative data included Taiji kanjyo Hyotei Syakudo (TKHS) , communication methods, husband's visitation records and video-mediated communication records and satisfaction of video-mediated communication experience. Qualitative data included participants' journal entries about their experience and feelings toward their infants during Satogaeri Bunben. RESULTS: Fourteen treatment and thirteen control dyads/couples participated in the study. There were significant differences between groups in the frequency of fathers' visitation during Satogaeri Bunben, as well as on the THKS between groups in cross-sectional analysis and in treatment group in longitudinal analysis. Fathers' journal entries revealed the use of video-mediated communication in both groups, specifically commenting about these experiences and the impact of additional visual cues when communicating. CONCLUSION: Video-mediated communication provides a sense of virtual co-presence, which may help support father-infant bonding and transition to fatherhood; however, it does not completely substitute for face-to-face interaction.

Teaching Father-Infant Massage during Postpartum Hospitalization: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acceptability and impact of infant massage video instruction on fathers' behaviors in early postpartum. METHODS: A randomized crossover design was used. Participants were fathers of healthy term infants born at a Magnet hospital in Southern California. Measures included a demographic survey, Father-to-Infant Bonding Scale, Father-Infant Observation Scale, and postdischarge phone interview. Study nurses observed father-infant interactions for 5 minutes. Fathers were randomized to one of two groups: fathers in group 1 saw the massage video before they were observed with their infants and fathers in group 2 saw the video after. Fathers completed the Bonding Scale at baseline in person and again within a week of discharge by phone. Statistics were descriptive and comparative. Responses to interview questions were categorized and described. RESULTS: Ninety-eight fathers aged 18 to 44 years participated. Over half of fathers identified as Hispanic and the majority spoke English at home. Most fathers had positive responses to infants on individual Bonding Scale items. Fathers differed significantly in observed interactions with infants depending upon timing of massage instruction; fathers observed immediately after the video had more total interactions, specifically fingertip touching. Poststudy evaluations were predominantly positive. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: We found a brief infant massage instruction offered by video was well accepted by fathers and increased observed father-infant interactions.

Descubrimiento del abuso sexual del niño: revelación o silencio / Discovery of the Sexual Abuse of the Child: Revelation or Silence

Introducción: Conocer que la madre es el eje primordial de protección y afecto en el vínculo familiar es relevante, así como la importancia que juega ella y el padre en el vínculo afectivo con el niño en la recuperación, protección y apoyo postraumático de un abuso sexual. Objetivo: Describir los procesos y significados de la experiencia vivida por los padres o cuidadores primarios frente al descubrimiento del abuso sexual de sus hijos. Método: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con abordaje metodológico cualitativo y cuantitativo del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Se realizó una entrevista a 60 padres o cuidadores primarios no perpetradores del abuso los municipios de Cajicá y Tabio de Bogotá-Colombia. El procesamiento y análisis cuantitativo fue realizado con el software Qualiquantisoft. Resultados: El discurso de mayor prevalencia por los entrevistados fue la relación entre padres o cuidador e hijo (45,7 por ciento, n = 43), fomentar la confianza, el diálogo, escuchar a los niños, dedicar mayor tiempo y cuidado a los hijos. El papel que juega la red de apoyo en la protección y justicia fue señalado como importante por el 29 por ciento (n = 32) de los sujetos que participaron en la investigación. Conclusiones: Las niñas son con mayor frecuencia víctimas de abuso sexual. Por lo general, se trataba de familias monoparentales, con necesidad de dejar a su hijo bajo el cuidado de un pariente, amigo o vecino. Cuando el abuso se perpetra por individuos con fuertes lazos afectivos, es mayor el impacto en la salud emocional, cognitiva y comportamental del niño. La credibilidad, los comportamientos y las medidas de protección que los padres o cuidadores primarios asumen, son directrices esenciales para el proceso de la revelación del abuso sexual y un medio que favorece la elaboración positiva de la experiencia traumática en el niño(AU)

Objective: This research analyzes how parents or primary caregivers describe the processes and meanings of lived experience toward the discovery of sexual abuse of their children. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study with methodological approach the Collective Subject Discourse-DSC. Individual interview with 60 parents or caregivers that were not perpetrators was conducted, in the municipalities of Cajica and Tabio de Bogotá- Colombia. The empirical data were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse (DCS), based on the Theory of Social Representations, which makes possible the emergence of social representations by constructing collective discourses. The data were Qualitative processed and analyzed in the Qualiquantisoft software, which is associated with the DSC method. Results: The most significant discourse identify by interviewed was the relationship between parents, primary caregivers and child (45,74 percent, n=43), they emphasize in improving the role as parents, through trustfulness, the dialogue, listen out, taking care of the children and spending more time with them; they also considered important the support role of the protection and justice network (29 percent, n=32). Conclusions: The credibility, the behaviors and the protection measures that the parents or primary caregivers assume, are essential guidelines for the process of disclosure of the sexual abuse and provides an environment that enables a positive development of the traumatic experience in the child. It is important to emphasize the role played by the professionals involved in these cases, because comprehensive care to reduce the long-term consequences depends on their attitude, support and management(AU)

Descubrimiento del abuso sexual del niño: revelación o silencio / Discovery of the Sexual Abuse of the Child: Revelation or Silence

Introducción: Conocer que la madre es el eje primordial de protección y afecto en el vínculo familiar es relevante, así como la importancia que juega ella y el padre en el vínculo afectivo con el niño en la recuperación, protección y apoyo postraumático de un abuso sexual. Objetivo: Describir los procesos y significados de la experiencia vivida por los padres o cuidadores primarios frente al descubrimiento del abuso sexual de sus hijos. Método: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con abordaje metodológico cualitativo y cuantitativo del discurso del sujeto colectivo. Se realizó una entrevista a 60 padres o cuidadores primarios no perpetradores del abuso los municipios de Cajicá y Tabio de Bogotá-Colombia. El procesamiento y análisis cuantitativo fue realizado con el software Qualiquantisoft. Resultados: El discurso de mayor prevalencia por los entrevistados fue la relación entre padres o cuidador e hijo (45,7 por ciento, n = 43), fomentar la confianza, el diálogo, escuchar a los niños, dedicar mayor tiempo y cuidado a los hijos. El papel que juega la red de apoyo en la protección y justicia fue señalado como importante por el 29 por ciento (n = 32) de los sujetos que participaron en la investigación. Conclusiones: Las niñas son con mayor frecuencia víctimas de abuso sexual. Por lo general, se trataba de familias monoparentales, con necesidad de dejar a su hijo bajo el cuidado de un pariente, amigo o vecino. Cuando el abuso se perpetra por individuos con fuertes lazos afectivos, es mayor el impacto en la salud emocional, cognitiva y comportamental del niño. La credibilidad, los comportamientos y las medidas de protección que los padres o cuidadores primarios asumen, son directrices esenciales para el proceso de la revelación del abuso sexual y un medio que favorece la elaboración positiva de la experiencia traumática en el niño(AU)

Objective: This research analyzes how parents or primary caregivers describe the processes and meanings of lived experience toward the discovery of sexual abuse of their children. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study with methodological approach the Collective Subject Discourse-DSC. Individual interview with 60 parents or caregivers that were not perpetrators was conducted, in the municipalities of Cajica and Tabio de Bogotá- Colombia. The empirical data were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse (DCS), based on the Theory of Social Representations, which makes possible the emergence of social representations by constructing collective discourses. The data were Qualitative processed and analyzed in the Qualiquantisoft software, which is associated with the DSC method. Results: The most significant discourse identify by interviewed was the relationship between parents, primary caregivers and child (45,74 percent, n=43), they emphasize in improving the role as parents, through trustfulness, the dialogue, listen out, taking care of the children and spending more time with them; they also considered important the support role of the protection and justice network (29 percent, n=32). Conclusions: The credibility, the behaviors and the protection measures that the parents or primary caregivers assume, are essential guidelines for the process of disclosure of the sexual abuse and provides an environment that enables a positive development of the traumatic experience in the child. It is important to emphasize the role played by the professionals involved in these cases, because comprehensive care to reduce the long-term consequences depends on their attitude, support and management(AU)

A Typology of Interactional Patterns Between Youth and Their Stepfathers: Associations with Family Relationship Quality and Youth Well-Being.

Stepfamilies are an increasingly common family form, many of which are headed by a resident mother and stepfather. Stepfather-child relationships exert notable influence on stepfamily stability and individual well-being. Although various stepfather roles have been observed, more research is warranted by which stepfather-child interactions are explored holistically and across a variety of life domains (e.g., recreational, personal, academic, and disciplinary). Thus, the primary purpose of the current study is to explore varying interactional patterns between youth and their stepfathers. A latent class analysis is conducted using a representative sample of 1,183 youth (53% female; mean age = 15.64 years, SD = 1.70 years; 62% non-Hispanic White) residing in mother-stepfather families from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent-class enumeration processes support a four-class solution, with latent classes representing inactive, academically oriented, casually connected, and versatile and involved patterns of youth-stepparent interaction. Notable differences and similarities are evident across patterns with respect to family relationship quality, youth well-being, and socio-demographic characteristics. Differences are most stark between the inactive and versatile and involved patterns. Ultimately, the results showcase notable variation in youth-stepparent interactional patterns, and one size does not necessarily fit all stepfamilies. Family practitioners should be mindful of variation in youth-stepparent interactional patterns and assist stepfamilies in seeking out stepparent-child dynamics that are most compatible with the needs and dynamics of the larger family system.

Las familias ensambladas son cada vez más una forma común de familia, muchas de las cuales están encabezadas por una madre y un padrastro residentes. Las relaciones entre el padrastro y los niños ejercen una influencia notable en la estabilidad de la familia ensamblada y en el bienestar individual. Aunque se han observado distintos roles de los padrastros, se necesitan más investigaciones en las que las interacciones entre el padrastro y los niños se analicen íntegramente y en diferentes ámbitos de la vida (p. ej.: recreativo, personal, académico y disciplinario). Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar patrones interactivos variados entre los jóvenes y sus padrastros. Se realiza un análisis de clases latentes utilizando una muestra representativa de 1183 jóvenes (el 53 % de sexo femenino; edad promedio = 15.64 años, DT = 1.70 años; el 62 % blancos no hispanos) que viven en familias compuestas por una madre y un padrastro de la serie I del "Estudio Longitudinal Nacional de la Salud Adolescente a Adulta" (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health). Los procesos de enumeración de las clases latentes respaldan una solución de cuatro clases, donde las clases latentes representan patrones de interacción inactivos, orientados a lo académico, conectados ocasionalmente y versátiles e interesados entre los jóvenes y los padrastros. Se observan diferencias y similitudes notables entre los patrones con respecto a la calidad de la relación familiar, al bienestar de los jóvenes y a las características sociodemográficas. Las diferencias son más marcadas entre los patrones inactivos y versátiles e interesados. Finalmente, los resultados exhiben una variación notable en los patrones interactivos entre los jóvenes y los padrastros, por lo tanto, no necesariamente existe un criterio único aplicable a todas las familias esambladas. Los médicos familiares deben estar al tanto de la variación en los patrones interactivos entre los jóvenes y los padrastros y ayudar a las familias ensambladas a buscar una dinámica entre los jóvenes y los padrastros que sea más compatible con las necesidades y la dinámica del sistema familiar más amplio.

When a Child Needs a Transplant but Lacks Familial Social Support.

We present the case of a 19-month-old boy with complex congenital heart disease. His single father is skeptical of traditional medicine and does not offer the social support needed to make heart transplantation successful for his son. After the father demonstrates commitment to transplant success and provides enhanced social support, doctors place the child on a Berlin Heart (a biventricular assist device) as a bridge to transplantation and list him for transplant. When the child is matched to a donor heart, the father refuses transplantation, despite that it is the child's only chance for survival. His doctors report the case to child protective services, but they decline to take protective custody. The father then changes his mind and asks that the child be put back on the waiting list for transplant. By this time, the social supports the father implemented are no longer in place. This case raises a number of issues. First, should courts order heart transplantation when doctors believe that it is in the child's best interest and parents do not consent? Second, once parents refuse a transplant, can they change their minds? Third, if there are uncertainties regarding whether the child has the social support to make transplantation successful, should the child be relisted? Finally, should a child who is not currently a transplant candidate but who may become one in the future be supported with ventricular assist devices?

Patterns of stepfamily relationship quality and adolescents' short-term and long-term adjustment.

Stepfamilies experience unique dynamics, with implications for family functioning and youth well-being. Emerging research is incorporating a holistic perspective whereby stepfamily dynamics are viewed more comprehensively, and constellations of stepfamily relationship quality are identified. In the current study, we examined short-term and long-term associations between latent patterns of stepfamily relationships (including the quality of mother-child, stepfather-child, nonresident father-child, and stepcouple dyads) and youth adjustment (i.e., depression, delinquency, self-esteem) across three stages of youth development: adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood. Using a representative sample of adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Harris et al., 2009), results from longitudinal structural equation models and latent-growth curve models indicated that youth adjustment over time is optimized among youth in a residence-centered (i.e., high-quality relationships among mother-child, stepfather-child, and stepcouple dyads) or inclusive (i.e., high-quality relationships across all dyads, including the nonresident father) pattern, as compared with youth in an unhappy-couple (i.e., low-quality stepcouple relationship) or parent-child disconnection (i.e., low-quality relationships between youth and each parental figure) pattern. The results point to many similarities between male and female youth in terms of adjustment responses to patterns of stepfamily relationships, although some differences became apparent. In the context of stepfamily relationships marked by low-quality relationships, male youth might exhibit greater initial levels of externalizing problems than female youth, whereas female youth might exhibit greater initial levels of internalizing problems than male youth. Implications for future research and intervention and prevention efforts are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Infant colic: mechanisms and management.

Infant colic is a commonly reported phenomenon of excessive crying in infancy with an enigmatic and distressing character. Despite its frequent occurrence, little agreement has been reached on the definition, pathogenesis or the optimal management strategy for infant colic. This Review aims to delineate the definitional entanglement with the Rome IV criteria, which were published in 2016, as the leading, most recent diagnostic criteria. Moreover, neurogenic, gastrointestinal, microbial and psychosocial factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology of infant colic are explored. This Review underlines that a comprehensive medical history and physical examination in the absence of alarm symptoms serve as guidance for the clinician to a positive diagnosis. It also highlights that an important aspect of the management of infant colic is parental education and reassurance. Management strategies, including behavioural, dietary, pharmacological and alternative interventions, are also discussed. Owing to a lack of large, high-quality randomized controlled trials, none of these therapies are strongly recommended. Finally, the behavioural and somatic sequelae of infant colic into childhood are summarized.

Look Who Is Talking Now: Eliciting the Concept of Fatherhood Among Filipino Fathers Using Metaphor Analysis

BACKGROUND: Although the increased interest in investigating the dynamics of fatherhood in developed nations has been documented in the literature, its collective meaning and implications in nursing remain largely unknown in the context of East Asia, especially in developing countries such as the Philippines. PURPOSE: Capitalizing on the unique power of metaphors to improve the understanding of complex and abstract ideas and to shape healthcare practices, this qualitative semiotic investigation intended to define the essence of fatherhood from the perspective of Filipino fathers. METHODS: This study focused on a group of 28 first-time and 22 second-time fathers who were recruited from the largest maternal and newborn tertiary government hospital in the Philippines. To capture the richness and thickness of fatherhood as a subjective human reality, doodling and elicitation interviews were employed to promote data triangulation. Furthermore, semiosis was used as the data analytic framework to better understand the ontology and epistemology of the elicited metaphors. In addition, a member-checking procedure was employed to validate the themes that emerged from the inductive approach. RESULTS: This study provides a conceptualization of "The House of Fatherhood," which illustrates the uniqueness of the experience of fatherhood as identity defining, maturity enabling, and duality affirming. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The pillars of fatherhood that were identified in this article provide a valuable framework for Filipino healthcare providers and program administrators in the field of maternal and child nursing to identify scaffolding measures and other support mechanisms to address the needs and concerns of Filipino fathers and their journey to fatherhood in a more effective and holistic way.

Experiences of Inner-City Fathers of Children With Chronic Illness.

We aim to explore the experiences of fathers from inner-city families caring for children affected by chronic health conditions or disabilities. A systematic scoping review was conducted using the Arskey and O'Malley framework. Fourteen of the 5114 articles were included in the full review and were qualitatively evaluated in terms of stressors, resources, perception, coping, and adaptation according to the Double ABCX model. Stressors included financial strain and health care access barriers. Resources ranging from immediate to extended family members depended on ethnicity. Fathers' perceptions of their primary caregiver roles depended on ethnicity in the context of cultural gender norms. While inner-city fathers desired information about their children's health, some were uncomfortable asking physicians. They had a higher risk for coping difficulties and maladaptation, including depression. We highlight a need for pediatricians to advocate for additional resources to provide comprehensive care for inner-city fathers caring for their children with chronic health conditions or disabilities.

Valoración del cuidado de enfermería en el curso de preparación para la maternidad y paternidad / Assessment of nursing care in the course of preparation for maternity and paternity

La salud materno perinatal es uno de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, es por esto que todas las naciones no escatiman esfuerzos para garantizar el bienestar del binomio madre-hijo (1), (2), por tal motivo existe la estrategia del curso de preparación para la maternidad y la paternidad en el que se busca, a través de actividades educativas disminuir la ansiedad, compartir conocimientos, experiencias, actitudes de cuidado, autocuidado, y dar herramientas a los futuros padres para favorecer el bienestar de la diada madre- hijo (8) (12). Los profesionales idóneos para llevar a cabo el curso son los enfermeros, que por su formación disciplinar y conocimientos teóricoprácticos cuidan y facilitan la transición por la gestación, el parto, el puerperio y la puericultura del recién nacido a las familias gestantes durante esta nueva etapa que genera en ellos incertidumbre y sentimientos ambivalentes (16), (20), (36), (37); de acuerdo con lo anteriormente expuesto el presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de describir la valoración del cuidado que ofrecen los enfermeros a un grupo de gestantes que realizan el curso de preparación para la maternidad y paternidad en una IPS privada en la ciudad de Bogotá, para lo cual se utilizó la escala de valoración del cuidado profesional derivada de la care profesional scale (CPS) de Kristen Swanson, versión español, 2011 (14). Se pudo evidenciar que las gestantes valoran el cuidado brindado por los enfermeros en el curso de preparación para la maternidad y paternidad como excelente, considerando este como holístico, ya que les proporciona los medios para cuidar de sí mismas y de los hijos por nacer.

The maternal ­ perinatal health is one of the sustainable development goals, is because of this that all the nations don't skimp on efforts to guaranty the mother-son binomial well-being (1), (2), for this reason exist the strategy of preparation course's to maternity and paternity in which it's looking for, through educational activities to reduce the anxiety, to share knowledges, experiences, attitudes of care, selfcare and to give tools to the future parents to favour the well-being of the mother-son dyad (8) (12). The ideal professionals to carry through the course are the nurses, that for their discipline formation's and theoretical ­ practical knowledges, they care and facilitate the transition for the gestation, the labour, the puerperium and childcare of the newborn to the pregnant families during this new stage that generates them uncertainty and ambivalent feelings (16), (20), (36), (37); in agreement with the previously exposed the present study is realized with the goal of describe the valuation of care that provide the nurses to a group of pregnant womans that take the preparation course's to maternity and paternity in a private provider of health services in Bogota City, for which was used the scale of valuation of professional care, derived of the care professional scale (CPS) of Kristen Swanson, Spanish version, 2011 (14). It was able to show that the pregnant values the care provided by the nurse in the preparation course's to maternity and paternity as excellent, considering this as holistic, that supplies them the ways to care of himself and the unborn child.

Constellations of dyadic relationship quality in stepfamilies: A factor mixture model.

Stepfamilies are an increasingly common family form, marked by distinct challenges, opportunities, and complex networks of dyadic relationships that can transcend single households. There exists a dearth of typological analyses by which constellations of dyadic processes in stepfamilies are holistically analyzed. Factor mixture modeling is used to identify population heterogeneity with respect to features of mother-child, stepfather-child, nonresident father-child, and stepcouple relationships using a representative sample of 1,182 adolescents in mother-stepfather families with living nonresident fathers from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Results favor a 4-class factor-mixture solution with class-specific factor covariance matrices. Class 1 (n = 302, 25.5%), the residence-centered pattern, was marked by high-quality residential relationships. Class 2 (n = 307, 26%), the inclusive pattern, was marked by high-quality relationships across all four dyads, with an especially involved nonresident father-child relationship. Class 3 (n = 350, 29.6%), the unhappy couple pattern, was marked by very low stepcouple relationship quality. Class 4 (n = 223, 18.9%), the parent-child disconnection pattern, was marked by distant relationships between youth and all three parental figures. The residence-centered and inclusive patterns encompassed some positive correlations between dyadic relationships whereas the unhappy couple and parent-child disconnection patterns encompassed some negative correlations between dyadic relationships. The patterns present with differences across sociodemographic and substantive covariates and highlight important opportunities for the development of new and innovative interventions, particularly to meet the needs of stepfamilies that reflect the parent-child disconnection pattern. (PsycINFO Database Record

Parental insightfulness is associated with cooperative interactions in families with toddlers.

A growing body of research has highlighted the importance of mother-father-child interactions in families with toddlers, but little is known about the internal processes underlying parenting in such interactions. Dyadic studies of parent-child relationships have focused on parental insightfulness as promoting sensitive parent-child interactions, and the goal of the present study was to examine whether insightfulness would similarly be associated with cooperative triadic interactions. To address this question, we observed 77 mother-father-toddler triads in the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP) procedure to assess family cooperation, and the insightfulness of each parent was assessed using the Insightfulness Assessment, a video replay procedure in which parents are interviewed regarding their children's thoughts and feelings after watching short video clips of the children. The results showed that families in which both parents were insightful had higher Family Cooperation and Coparenting scores compared to families in which only 1 parent was insightful and families in which neither parent was insightful. The implications of these findings for research on the internal processes underlying parenting in a triadic context are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Association Between Caregiver Stress and Behavioral Problems in the Children of Incarcerated Fathers in Hong Kong.

Objectives Caregivers of children with incarcerated parents have received little attention in the literature, though they face unique incarceration-related challenges. General caregiver research has highlighted associations between caregiver distress and children's behavioral problems, even implying that the depressive tendencies of caregivers can be 'transmitted'. The current study investigated the applicability of this notion to caregivers responsible for children of incarcerated fathers. Methods Fifty-four female caregivers of children with incarcerated parents were recruited via collaboration with a non-governmental organization. Their levels of stress and depression were measured using questionnaires, as were the behavioral problems of children under their care. The relationships between the variables were examined. Results The results firstly suggest that these caregivers are vulnerable to psychological distress, with around 57 % of them suffering from borderline to severe depression. Obtained socio-demographic characteristics were not found to have any bearing on the psychosocial functioning of caregivers or children-rather, all psychosocial variables were interlinked, and further analyses revealed that the depression of caregivers mediated the relationship between their perceived stress and internalizing/externalizing behavioral problems of the child (ß = .628 and ß = .468 respectively), implicating depression as a mechanism via which adversity can be transferred from a caregiver to a child. Conclusions Increasing the focus on a caregiver's mental health may be an efficacious strategy in research and practice, perhaps by providing more support for caregivers and implementing joint caregiver-child interventions to more holistically alleviate problems in families affected by parental incarceration. Limitations of the current study and further recommendations are also discussed.