Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 8 de 8
Filter
1.
Nature ; 624(7990): 122-129, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37993721

ABSTRACT

Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity1. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400 years BP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200 years BP. The distinctive genetic lineages that characterize present-day and ancient people from Northwest Mexico increased in frequency in Southern and Central California by 5,200 years BP, providing evidence for northward migrations that are candidates for spreading Uto-Aztecan languages before the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mexico2-4. Individuals from Baja California share more alleles with the earliest individual from Central California in the dataset than with later individuals from Central California, potentially reflecting an earlier linguistic substrate, whose impact on local ancestry was diluted by later migrations from inland regions1,5. After 1,600 years BP, ancient individuals from the Channel Islands lived in communities with effective sizes similar to those in pre-agricultural Caribbean and Patagonia, and smaller than those on the California mainland and in sampled regions of Mexico.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Indigenous Peoples , Humans , Agriculture/history , California/ethnology , Caribbean Region/ethnology , Ethnicity/genetics , Ethnicity/history , Europe/ethnology , Genetic Variation/genetics , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Human Migration/history , Indigenous Peoples/genetics , Indigenous Peoples/history , Islands , Language/history , Mexico/ethnology , Zea mays , Genome, Human/genetics , Genomics , Alleles
2.
Science ; 372(6541): 484-487, 2021 04 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33926948

ABSTRACT

An estimated 90 to 95% of Indigenous people in Amazonia died after European contact. This population collapse is postulated to have caused decreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at around 1610 CE, as a result of a wave of land abandonment in the wake of disease, slavery, and warfare, whereby the attendant reversion to forest substantially increased terrestrial carbon sequestration. On the basis of 39 Amazonian fossil pollen records, we show that there was no synchronous reforestation event associated with such an atmospheric carbon dioxide response after European arrival in Amazonia. Instead, we find that, at most sites, land abandonment and forest regrowth began about 300 to 600 years before European arrival. Pre-European pandemics, social strife, or environmental change may have contributed to these early site abandonments and ecological shifts.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/history , Forests , Indigenous Peoples/history , Population Dynamics/history , Atmosphere/chemistry , Brazil , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Europe , Fossils , History, 17th Century , Humans , Pollen/genetics
3.
N Z Med J ; 133(1524): 102-110, 2020 10 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33119573

ABSTRACT

Prior to colonisation, Maori had a well-developed holistic health system based on maintaining balance between people, place and spirit. The colonial imposition of British economic, religious, educational, legal, health and governance, through warfare, immigration, legislation and social coercion had a devastating effect on Maori health outcomes. With the release of the WAI 2575 Waitangi Tribunal report exposing the failings of our health system in relation to Maori health, the need to decolonise our health system becomes more pressing. A key difficulty in this work is the poverty of transformative language, concepts and frameworks in our workforce. This paper is the product of an anti-racism think tank that occurred in April 2019. While working through a system change analysis on our colonial health system, Maori and Tauiwi activists and scholars created an allegory-from gorse to ngahere. The allegory depicts the ongoing impact of the colonial health system as represented by gorse, and the possibilities of a decolonised health system represented by ngahere-a self-sustaining and flourishing native forest. Racism has a geographic specificity. The allegory we developed is a mechanism for conceptualising decolonisation for the context of Aotearoa. It serves to reinforce the different roles and responsibilities of the descendants of the colonisers and the colonised in the pursuit of decolonisation.


Subject(s)
Colonialism/history , National Health Programs , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander , Ulex , Ecosystem , History, 19th Century , Humans , Indigenous Peoples/history , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander/history , New Zealand
4.
Managua; APRODIN; 2011. 125 p. ilus, mapa.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552465

ABSTRACT

La diversidad humana y las particularidades de actuaciones y comportamientos, a veces impredecibles, de una comunidad constituyen aspectos importantes de la riqueza de la sociedad, tanto en lo individual como en su convivir social. La riqueza del ser humano desde el punto de vista individual ha sido estudiada ampliamente por los psicólogos y psiquiatras, sus resultados se han descrito en múltiples publicaciones sobre la psicología humana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Social Welfare/ethnology , Indigenous Peoples/history , Health Promotion/standards , Medicine, Traditional/history , Plants, Medicinal , Complementary Therapies/methods , Spiritual Therapies/methods , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , Human Rights/history
5.
Rev. medica electron ; 30(1)ene.-feb. 2008.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-35984

ABSTRACT

Se hace una breve exposición de las fuentes históricas fundamentales para el estudio de la medicina en el México precolombino y primer siglo de la Nueva España. Se describen las características generales de la medicina en su aspecto creencial sobrenatural y aspecto empírico racional, y de la práctica médica, subrayando el valor de la tradición médica indígena, la riqueza natural del país y el importante aporte a la materia médica europea, además del significado para la medicina moderna de la fusión cultural y principalmente médica, de Europa y el Nuevo Mundo. Se ofrecen consideraciones sobre aspectos epidemiológicos...(AU)


We make a brief exposition of the main historical sources to study Medicine in pre-Columbian Mexico and during the first Nem Spain century. We describe the characteristics of the medicine in its over-natural beliefable aspect and its empirical-rational aspect, and also the characteristics of the medical practice, underlining the value of the indigenous medical tradition, the natural richness of the country, and the important contribution to the European medical science, in adition to the importance of the cultural fusion, and mainly medical,of Europe and the New World for modern medicine. We offer considerations on epidemiologic aspects...(AU)


Subject(s)
History of Medicine , History, Medieval , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Indigenous Peoples/history , /history , Mexico
6.
anom.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-26200

ABSTRACT

Los indios cubanos, de color cobrizo y cara achinada, aunque bajos de estatura y de complexión mediana, estaban bien formados, tenían buena presencia y estaban acostumbrados al trabajo ligero como lo requería su vida primitiva y la dulzura del clima y riqueza de su país. Su alimentación consistía en vegetales, yuca-casabe- pero comían algunos animales crudos, peces y moluscos. Sus casas de paja formaban a veces pequeños pueblos situados comúnmente a orilla de los ríos, del mar o de algún valle fértil. Su religión y su cultura eran primitivas y dejaron muy poco rastro en la Isla. No dejaron monumentos, ni escritura.Poseían una medicina propia y primitiva formada por nociones elementales y por la tradición. Pobres sus conocimientos de anatomía y de fisiología. Sabían conservar los huesos y los cadáveres. Conocían la diarrea, la constipación, las niguas y piojos. Su terapéutica era menos rica que la de los mexicanos. Usaban las hojas de cojioba, yerba santa, manzanilla y guaguasí. El almácigo y el tabaco en reuma y dolores. El guayacán contra las bubas. Hacían pequeñas sangrías, reducían las fracturas, la castración a maceta y sin sutura. Usaban cebadilla y xutola en parto laborioso y llegaron a practicar la cesárea. Aislaban a los enfermos contagiosos y enterraban a los muertos. Atribuían la enfermedad a castigo divino. En su terapéutica entraba la sugestión. Los sacerdotes y behíques hacían de médicos empleando la medicina mágica. Entre sus enfermedades más comunes se citan las dermatitis, eczema, lesiones por niguas y "caracol" o pelagra. En el Continente existía la fiebre amarilla (cocolitztle, mexicanos; paulicantina, caribes), el paludismo, fiebre tifoidea, disentería y otras infecciones de distintas índoles(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Medicine, Traditional/history , Indigenous Peoples/history , Cuba
7.
Rev. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(1/2): 3-18, mar.-jun. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | HISA | ID: his-9193

ABSTRACT

El trabajo de los cronistas ha servido como fuente de información sobre la ocurrencia de enfermedades mentales entre los incas. A partir de esta fuente, pareciera que entre los desórdenes mentales, la melancolía era, de lejos, la enfermedad más importante. La enfermedad no sólo afectaba a los habitantes comunes: la melancolía era más bien frecuente entre la familia del Inca. Al igual que otras enfermedades, los incas trataban a las enfermedades mentales con una mezcla de productos medicinales mágicos y empíricos. Estos últimos eran principalmente de naturaleza vegetal, aunque también se aplicaban algunos minerales para tratar los desórdenes depresivos. Algunos síndromes típicos de la medicina folklórica contemporánea, tales como el "susto" y los malestares que se relacionan con él, no han sido mencionados por los cronistas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Herbal Medicine/history , Peru , Mental Health/history , Indigenous Peoples/history , History of Medicine
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL