[A case of bromadiolone poisoning leading to digestive tract, abdominal hemorrhage and secondary paralytic ileus].

Bromadiolone, commonly known as super warfarin, is a long-acting coumarin dicoumarin rodenticide. The mechanism of bromadiolone is mainly to inhibit vitamin K1 epoxide reductase and affect the synthesis of coagulation factors Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ, which causes blood coagulation dysfunction and systemic multiple organ hemorrhage. Here, we report of a case of bromadiolone poisoning patient who had digestive tract, abdominal hemorrhage, as well as secondary paralytic ileus. After blood product transfusion and vitamin K1 supplementation, the patient was discharged after the physical condition was improved. It's suggestied that clinicians should pay attention to rare complications to prevent missed diagnosis when treating other bromadiolone poisoning.

Paralytic ileus following "subcutaneous bortezomib" therapy: focus on the clinical emergency-report of two cases.

We retrospectively analyzed the medical history of 19 elderly myeloma patients treated with the "novel subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib." In our experience, two patients (10 %) discontinued treatment for paralytic ileus. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of toxic megacolon and paralytic ileus due to "novel subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib" are unclear. Probably, it may be related to possible damage of the autonomic nerve fibers that control organ functions. Adequate prevention and management of the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities with the use of fluid intake and prokinetic and laxative drugs (at least two types of agents in a suboptimal dose) especially in patients with risk factors for GI side effects (anti-myeloma novel agents, opioids or antiemetics, iron supplements, spinal and cord compression, immobility, history of constipation) can decrease the possibility of interruption of administration of drug and increase adherence to treatment. Clearly this complication must be borne in mind whenever a patient develops acute abdominal pain and distension.

Paralytic ileus associated with use of diltiazem.

PURPOSE: A case of paralytic ileus in a patient receiving oral diltiazem therapy for atrial fibrillation is reported. SUMMARY: A 64-year-old man with a history of multiple serious comorbidities, poly-pharmacy, and a recent hospital stay for acute cardiac problems was readmitted to the hospital for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. On day 2 of the readmission, he suffered a myocardial infarction complicated by atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. After initial treatment with oral metoprolol for ventricular rate control was discontinued (due to ineffective rate control and patient complaints of respiratory symptoms), oral diltiazem hydrochloride therapy (30 mg every six hours) was initiated on day 7; the dose was adjusted to a maximum of 120 mg every six hours on day 10. On day 12, the patient complained of nausea, abdominal pain and tenderness, and infrequent bowel movements; imaging studies on day 13 indicated paralytic ileus. Pursuant to a surgical consultation, a nasogastric tube was inserted and nothing was given by mouth except medications. After initial improvement of the GI symptoms, the feeding tube was removed; however, the symptoms worsened over the next two to three days, requiring reinsertion of the tube on day 16. On day 18, after other potential causes of ileus were ruled out, diltiazem therapy was withdrawn. The man experienced rapid symptomatic improvement, with no further GI symptoms, and was discharged four days later. CONCLUSION: A 64-year-old man receiving high-dose diltiazem to treat atrial fibrillation developed paralytic ileus, which quickly resolved after the medication was discontinued.

Minimizing antipsychotic medication obviated the need for enema against severe constipation leading to paralytic ileus: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: To report the usefulness of antipsychotic dose-reduction for avoiding paralytic ileus in a patient with chronic schizophrenia and comorbid dementia. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old in-patient developed severe paralytic ileus warranting a transfer to the general hospital. Constipation was very troublesome and he often needed enema to prevent intestinal obstruction. He had originally been treated with 24 mg of bromperidol, which was reduced to 4 mg, and other psychotropic treatments were simultaneously simplified. As a result, bowel habits improved and enema is now only rarely necessary. Constipation is a frequent adverse effect of antipsychotics and adjunctive psychotropics, which can be severe and may lead to life-threatening paralytic ileus. Dose-reduction obviated a necessity of enema against persistent constipation, while the patient's mental status remained under control. Assessment using the Naranjo probability scale revealed a definite causal relationship. DISCUSSION: With an increasing number of elderly patients with schizophrenia, more cases of severe gastrointestinal motility problems from antipsychotic medication are to be expected. In this patient population dose-reduction of antipsychotics and simplification of concomitant psychotropics should be seriously considered.

Are herbs always good for you? A case of paralytic ileum using a herbal tisane.

We believe that administration of phytotherapics ('herbal' medicines) should be managed by physicians and pharmacists who can monitor any adverse reactions including allergies in patients. This of course implies that physicians and pharmacists require adequate training at the university and post-university level regarding all aspects of medicinal plants. We report here a case of paralytic ileum occurring in an older self-medicated patient who acquired an herbal tisane composed of Cassia angustifolia, as well as other plant products, in an herbal shop, for chronic constipation.

Paralytic ileus accompanied by pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis after acarbose treatment in an elderly diabetic patient with a history of heavy intake of maltitol.

An 87-year-old woman, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at age 73, exhibited abdominal distention and appetite loss in March 1998. She had received acarbose as well as 5 mg per day of glibenclamide and had habitually used about 100 g of maltitol daily from 1997. She was diagnosed as having paralytic ileus accompanied by pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI). This condition subsided quickly with discontinuation of diet or cessation of acarbose and maltitol usage. The patient's condition appears to be attributable to increased gas levels produced by fermentation of disaccharides and maltitol. Decreased intestinal motility may be a result of pre-existing diabetic autonomic neuropathy and hypothyroidism. The patient's clinical course suggests that paralytic ileus and PCI should be listed as rare side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and that the drug should be used with great caution for those who consume non-digestive sugar substitutes.

Nonopioid analgesics shorten the duration of postoperative ileus.

Morphine inhibits propagating and stimulates nonpropagating colon contractions in monkeys and humans. The use of morphine or other opioids that inhibit propulsive contractions prolongs postoperative ileus. In contrast, ketorolac tromethamine, a nonsteroidal analgesic, has no effect on colon contractions in monkeys. In 14 patients having elective abdominal operations, bipolar electrodes were implanted on the right (n = 13) and left (n = 10) colon. Group A (n = 8) received ketorolac, 30 mg IM q6h, for pain relief. Group B (n = 6) needed supplemental morphine, 2-10 mg IV or IM, plus ketorolac to control their pain. Myoelectric activity was recorded from each subject on postop Days 1-5 and analyzed by computer for electrical control activity (ECA), short and long electrical response activity (ERA), and propagation of long ERA. There was a difference between the two groups in return of propagated long ERA bursts that correlated with clinical recovery from postoperative ileus. Postoperative analgesia with ketorolac resulted in faster resolution of ileus compared to morphine plus ketorolac because opioid-induced motor abnormalities in the colon were avoided.

[Paralytic ileus secondary to podophyllin poisoning]. / Ileus paralytique secondaire à une intoxication à la podophylline.

The authors report a case of general and local poisoning after erroneous intravaginal administration of podophyllin for warts. The clinical course mainly showed a 10 day paralytic ileus, vaginal and urethral lesions and a severe peripheral neurological illness: paresthesia, dysesthesia and ataxia. The authors stress the potential toxicity of podophyllin and recommend great caution in using this product.