ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/abnormalities , Islets of Langerhans/injuries , In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , In Vitro Techniques/methods , International Research Information System , Palm Oil/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/pathology , In Vitro Techniques/standards , In Vitro Techniques , Palm Oil/prevention & control , Spain/ethnologyABSTRACT
Pancreatic islets (PIs) are damaged under diabetic conditions, resulting in decreased PI size. This study examined the regenerative effects of coffee and its components (caffeine, CFI; trigonelline, TRG; chlorogenic acid, CGA) on zebrafish larval PIs and ß-cells damaged by administration of alloxan (AX). In addition, the influence of coffee and its active components on KATP channels was investigated using diazoxide (DZ) as a KATP channel activator. PI size and fluorescence intensity were significantly increased in the coffee-treated group relative to the no-treatment group (P < 0.0001). In addition, coffee exerted significant regenerative effects on pancreatic ß-cells (p = 0.006). Treatment with TRG and CGA rescued PI damage, and the combination of TRG/CGA had a synergistic effect. In conclusion, the results indicate that coffee has beneficial effects on AX-damaged PIs and may also be useful as a blocker of pancreatic ß-cell K(+) channels.
Subject(s)
Coffea/chemistry , Coffee/chemistry , Insulin/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/drug effects , KATP Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Alloxan/adverse effects , Animals , Caffeine/pharmacology , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , Drug Synergism , Islets of Langerhans/injuries , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , KATP Channels/metabolism , ZebrafishABSTRACT
The polysaccharides from pumpkin fruit (PP) were obtained and purified by hot-water extraction, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of PP were determined by gel filtration chromatography, gas chromatography, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that the molecular weight of PP was about 23 kDa and PP was composed of D-Arabinose, D-Mannose, D-Glucose, and D-Galactose with a molar ratio of 1 : 7.79 : 70.32 : 7.05. FTIR and NMR spectra indicated that PP was the polysaccharide containing pyranose ring. Additionally, PP protected islets cells from streptozotocin (STZ) injury in vitro via increasing the levels of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and reducing the production of NO. The experiment of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction further proved that PP inhibited apoptosis via modulating the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in STZ-damaged islet cells. In conclusion, PP could be explored as a novel agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Cucurbita/chemistry , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Islets of Langerhans/drug effects , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, Gel , Islets of Langerhans/injuries , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Molecular Weight , Monosaccharides/analysis , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Superoxide Dismutase/drug effects , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/drug effectsABSTRACT
Cephalendra indica (41//v/v alcoholic extract of the wild variety of Cephalendra indica Naud.), on regular administration in doses ranging from 25uml to 75uml/100g of body weight (gbw) by the oral or intraperitoneal (ip) route produced a significant fall in blood sugar level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biochemical studies showed stabilization of blood sugar level in 70//of cases at fourteen to twenty days after withdrawal of the drug. Histopathological studies revealed regeneration of pancreatic B cells. The hypothesis is that the drug acts through the hypothalamo-hypophysial-pancreatic axis, producing selective regeneration of B cells. The drug may indirectly release inhibitory factors from hypothalamic neurons, inhibiting the secretion of growth hormone and triggering insulin secretions from B cells. The therapeutic action of the drug on pancreatic B cells and lack of acute and subacute toxicity may open up new prospects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus