Synergistic effect of doxycycline and aqueous extract of irradiated khella on structure of nanobacteria isolated from kidney stones: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Kidney stones have been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases, end-stage renal failure. This study is devoted to isolate nanobacteria from patients with active urolithiasis and investigate the in vitro and in vivo antinanobacterial activity of some antibiotics alone or in combination with extracts of irradiated herbs from certain medicinal plants. Nanobacteria were detected using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and DNA profile. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some biofilm-producing nanobacterial isolates was evaluated. The effect of medicinal plant extracts on growth was tested. A combination treatment between the most potent extracts and antibiotics was tested on biofilm production, protein profile, release of 260 nm absorbing material, protein content, and ultrastructure of the strongest biofilm producers. In vivo study of nanobacteria and its treatment by the most potent agents was evaluated on male rats. Renal function was measured in serum; histological examination and oxidative stress parameters were determined in kidney tissues. Results showed that streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and water extracts of irradiated khella at 6 kGy had antinanobacterial activity. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of the aqueous extract of irradiated Khella and doxycycline showed higher inhibition activity on microbial growth and biofilm production. They affected dramatically the strength of its cell membrane and subsequently its ultrastructure. Moreover, these results are confirmed by ameliorations in renal function and histological alterations. It could be concluded that the combination of DO and an aqueous extract of irradiated khella has an antinephrotoxic effect against nanobacteria-induced renal toxicity.

Characterization of Biofilm Producer Nanobacteria Isolated from Kidney Stones of Some Egyptian Patients.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Nanobacteria (NB) appear to contribute to many calcifying diseases including kidney stones which represent a common problem with inadequate prevention exist. NB framing itself with a mineral coat that assists as a primary defence shield against the immune system, antibiotics. This study aims to collect and detect nanobes from different kidney stones from patients with active urolithiasis then investigated the anti-nano-bacterial activity of some antibiotics alone or in combination with extracts of irradiated herbs of certain medicinal plants which will represent a new approach to therapy for patients with kidney stones. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Total of 32 nanobes were isolated from 54 kidney stones. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that calcium and phosphate are the main components of stones. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), showed that nanobes were Gram-ve cocci with size ranged from (375:600 nm). The biofilm production ability of nanobes was estimated qualitatively and quantitatively. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that all were strong biofilm producers. Further, the antibiotic susceptibility test indicates their resistance towards most of the tested antibiotics. Molecular identification of the strong biofilm producer isolates by ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) revealed that it is indicated by 85.37% to <i>Bartonella apis</i> strain PEB0122. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings of the current study evidenced that combination treatment between Doxycycline (DO) and water extract of khella exhibited a significant reduction in biofilm formation ability of the strongest producers nanobes. Therefore, this treatment can play a role in enhancing public health, especially with patients who suffer from recurrent kidney stone formation.

Observations of the ultrastructure of infected kidney stones.

Struvite stones are formed as the result of urinary tract infection by urease-producing bacteria. Ultrastructural examination of calculi removed from a patient revealed bacteria incorporated throughout the stone matrix. Exopolysaccharide stained by ruthenium red was associated with most of the bacteria, but it represented only a small portion of the organic matrix in the stone. Localised deposits of calcium and phosphorus, components of carbonate-apatite, and magnesium, a struvite component, were detected in close proximity to the cells. Histochemical examinations revealed that several of the gram-negative bacteria within the stone matrix possessed high levels of urease activity. We propose that bacterial slime production, intimately involved in the initiation of stone matrix deposition, is less prominent in mature stones because of the increased incorporation of host-derived mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides.

[Olemorphocycline treatment of calculous and noncalculous pyelonephritis]. / Lechenie olemorfotsiklinom bol'nykh kal'kuleznym i nekal'kuleznym pielonefritom

40 patients suffering from calculous and non-calculous pyelonephrits were treated with olemorphocycline administered intravenously in a dose of 250 00 Units 2 times a day for 5--7 days. The clinical effect was observed in 62.5 per cent of the cases. In 54.7 per cent of the cases the isolates were resistant to oleandomycin and morphocycline. The kidney tissue and urine from the kidney pelvis taken during surgical operations of 20 patients were plated out. Staphylocci were most often detected in the platings of the kidney tissue. The microflora of the urinary bladder before the treatment and that of the urine from the kidney pelvis and the kidney tissue taken during the surgical operation was mainly ident