Bioimpedance Measurement of Knee Injuries Using Bipolar Electrode Configuration.

Currently, there is no suitable solution for the point-of-care diagnosis of knee injuries. A potential portable and low-cost technique for accessing and monitoring knee injuries is bioimpedance measurement. This study validated the feasibility of the bipolar electrode configuration for knee bioimpedance measurement with two electrodes placed on a fixed pair of knee acupuncture locations called Xiyan. Then, the study collected 76 valid samples to investigate the relationship between bioimpedance and knee injuries, among whom 39 patients have unilateral knee injuries, and 37 individuals have healthy knees. The self-contrast results indicated that knee injuries caused a reduction of bioimpedance of the knee by about 5% on average, which was detectable at around 100 kHz (p ≈ 0.001). Furthermore, the results analyzed by principal component analysis and support vector machines show that the detection sensitivity can reach 87.18% using the leave-one-out cross-validation. We also proposed a low-cost and portable bioimpedance measurement device that meets the needs for measuring knee joint bioimpedance.

Automated Detection Model Based on Deep Learning for Knee Joint Motion Injury due to Martial Arts.

Objective: Develop a set of knee joint martial arts injury monitoring models based on deep learning, train and evaluate the model's effectiveness. Methods: This paper mainly collects knee MRI images of 1546 patients with knee joint martial arts injuries from 2015 to 2020. Through manual annotation, the data set is divided into six categories: meniscus injury, tendon injury, ligament injury, epiphyseal cartilage injury and synovial joint capsule loss. The human knee collaborative MRI image database is established, and the data set is divided into the training and validation sets. And test set. Establish a deep neural network, train the model using the training set and validation set, locate the knee joint injury location, and classify the specific injury type. The model's validity was validated using the test set, and the model's sensitivity, specificity, and mean accuracy for detecting lesions were evaluated. Results: In the test set, the accuracy of meniscus injury, tendon injury, ligament injury, bone and bone cartilage injury and synovial joint capsule injury were 83.2%, 89.0%, 88.0%, 85.9%, 85.6% and 83.5%, respectively, and the overall average accuracy value was 86.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 91.3% and 87.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The application of the deep learning method in the classification and detection of knee joint martial arts injuries can significantly improve the diagnosis effect, reduce the diagnosis time and misdiagnosis rate, and provide decision support for surgery.

Motor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) after traumatic knee injury: study protocol for an adaptive randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Treatment following traumatic knee injury includes neuromuscular training, with or without surgical reconstruction. The aim of rehabilitation is to restore muscle function and address psychological factors to allow a return to activity. Attention is often on rehabilitation of knee function, but deficiencies often persist. Specific interventions addressing psychological factors are sparing with varying degrees of success. We have developed a novel training program, MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS), which integrates simultaneous psychological training into physical rehabilitation exercises. The MOTIFS model individualizes rehabilitation to increase central nervous system involvement by creating realistic and relevant mental images based on past experiences. We hypothesize that a 12-week MOTIFS training intervention will improve psychological readiness to return to activity and muscle function to a greater extent than current neuromuscular training (Care-as-Usual). METHODS: This pragmatic 1:1 single assessor-blinded adaptive cumulative cluster-randomized controlled trial will include 106 knee-injured people with a goal of returning to physical activity. Participants are randomized to either the MOTIFS or Care-as-Usual condition. Primary outcomes are the ACL Return to Sport after Injury Scale and change in injured leg hop performance in a side hop task from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include patient-reported outcomes and assessment of muscle function using a hop test battery and Postural Orientation Errors at 12-week follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, patient-reported outcomes are assessed. A sub-group (7-10 in each group) will be interviewed to gain insight into experiences of rehabilitation. DISCUSSION: Strengths of this trial include that it is a randomized and pragmatic trial examining commonly under-studied aspects of rehabilitation following a knee injury. The model uses the patient as a reference, creating simultaneous psychological and physical training exercises with easily adopted principles for clinical practice. Limitations include that blinding is limited due to study design, and shifting the clinical paradigm to a more holistic model is a challenge. If successful, the MOTIFS model has implications for a clinically useful, individualized, and patient-relevant method of improving rehabilitation outcomes by integrating psychological training into physical training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03473821 . Registered March 22, 2018, with ethical approval that has been granted (Dnr 2016/413, Dnr 2018/927). TRIAL STATUS: Trial Status: Protocol Version is 2020, Dec 10 - Version 1.

The Jumper's Knee - a New Look at Non-surgical Treatment. Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: There are many opinions and views regarding the methods of treatment of patellar ligament enthesopathy. No gold standard of treatment exists. This paper presents our approach involving conservative treatment and an appropriate rehabilitation regime. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of a combination of various conservative treatment techniques and the time needed to return to sport. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 14 patients treated in 2019 and 2020. Knee joint evaluation was based on clinical and radiological examination (sonography and MR). All patients were treated conservatively according to a specially prepared treatment protocol. Patients were evaluated at two-week intervals until the symptoms subsided completely. The KOOS, Kujala and SF36 questionnaires were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: All of the patients returned to painless physical activity within 3-4 weeks from the start of treatment. In the group of professional athletes, 100% returned to sport. The return to sport took slightly longer for pa-tients with bilateral (5-6 weeks) in comparison to unilateral jumper's knee (3-4 weeks). The longest period of return to sport, in a patient who had severe pain at rest before starting treatment, was 7 weeks. Statistically significant improvement was noted in all of the questionnaires used and in all subdomains at 6 months after the beginning of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The conservative approach proposed by us generated promising results in the treatment of the jumper's knee. 2. A 100% rate of return to sport was recorded among our patients.

Integrating self-management support for knee injuries into routine clinical practice: TRAK intervention design and delivery.

BACKGROUND: TRAK is a web-based intervention that provides knee patients with health information, personalised exercise plans and remote clinical support. The aim of this study was to fully define TRAK intervention content, setting and context and develop the training through an implementation study in a physiotherapy out-patient service. METHODS: A mixed methods study. Phase 1 was a qualitative interview study, whereby fifteen physiotherapists used TRAK for 1 month with a patient of their choice. Interviews explored patient and physiotherapist views of TRAK intervention and training requirements. In Phase 2 seventy-four patients were recruited, all received conventional physiotherapy, a subset of 48 patients used TRAK in addition to conventional Physiotherapy. Aspects of feasibility measured included: uptake and usage of TRAK. RESULTS: Patients and physiotherapists reported that TRAK was easy to use and highlighted the therapeutic benefit of the exercise videos and personalised exercise plans to remind them of their exercises and the correct technique. Patients reported needing to use TRAK with the guidance of their treating physiotherapist initially. Physiotherapists highlighted appointment time constraints and lack of familiarity with TRAK as factors limiting engagement. In Phase 2, 67% patients accessed TRAK outside of the clinical environment. A total of 91% of patients were given a personalised exercise plan, but these were only updated in 34% of cases. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive training package for patients and clinicians has been defined. The refined TRAK intervention is reported using the 'Template for Intervention Description and Replication in preparation for a definitive randomised control trial.

Use of Physical Therapists to Identify and Treat Musculoskeletal Injuries at "The Tip of the Trident".

Musculoskeletal injuries continue to be the most common cause of decreased readiness and loss of productivity in all military environments. In commands with smaller footprints, such as Naval Special Warfare (NSW), every asset is critical for mission success. Studies have shown that early intervention by a medical provider can enhance healing and maintain unit readiness by preventing medical evacuations. Reports are limited with regard to Special Forces commands, especially during deployment. This article describes the injury characteristics and treatment of injuries seen by a physical therapist while deployed at forward operation commands embedded with NSW Group 2 Team 4. Over 4 months, 282 patients were evaluated and treated in southeast Afghanistan. In descending order, the three most common injured body regions were the lumbar/sacral spine (n = 82), shoulder (n = 59), and knee (n = 28). Therapy exercises (n = 461) were the most frequently performed treatment modality, followed by mobilization/manipulation (n = 394) and dry needling (n = 176). No patient evaluated was medically evacuated from the area or sent to an advanced medical site. Our data are similar to other published data reported on deployed units in terms of mechanisms and locations of injuries; thus, Special Forces commands do not appear to have unique injury patterns. These results support continued use of physical therapists in forward operations because of their ability to evaluate injuries and provide treatment modalities that help maintain the integrity of small commands at the site of injury.

Anatomical Knee Variants in Discoid Lateral Meniscal Tears.

BACKGROUND: Discoid lateral meniscus was a common meniscal dysplasia and was predisposed to tear. There were some anatomical knee variants in patients with discoid lateral meniscus. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between anatomical knee variants and discoid lateral meniscal tears. METHODS: There were totally 125 cases of discoid lateral meniscus enrolled in this study from February 2008 to December 2013. Eighty-seven patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for right torn discoid lateral meniscus were enrolled in the torn group. An additional 38 patients who were incidentally identified as having intact discoid lateral menisci on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were included in the control group. All patients were evaluated for anatomical knee variants on plain radiographs, including lateral joint space distance, height of the lateral tibial spine, height of the fibular head, obliquity of the lateral tibial plateau, squaring of the lateral femoral condyle, cupping of the lateral tibial plateau, lateral femoral condylar notch, and condylar cutoff sign. The relationship between anatomical variants and meniscal tear was evaluated. These anatomical variants in cases with complete discoid meniscus were also compared with those in cases with incomplete discoid meniscus. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in lateral joint space distance (P = 0.528), height of the lateral tibial spine (P = 0.927), height of the fibular head (P = 0.684), obliquity of the lateral tibial plateau (P = 0.672), and the positive rates of squaring of the lateral femoral condyle (P = 0.665), cupping of the lateral tibial plateau (P = 0.239), and lateral femoral condylar notch (P = 0.624). The condylar cutoff sign was significantly different between the two groups, with the prominence ratio in the torn group being smaller than that in the control group (0.74 ± 0.11 vs. 0.81 ± 0.04, P = 0.049). With the decision value of the prominence ratio (0.78) in predicting discoid lateral meniscal tear, the sensitivity and specificity of the cutoff sign were 66% and 71%, respectively. There were no significant differences in radiographic variants between the complete and incomplete discoid lateral meniscal groups. CONCLUSIONS: The condylar cutoff sign observed on the tunnel view of the radiograph is helpful in predicting meniscal tear in adult patients with discoid lateral meniscus. As for these patients, further MRI test is recommended.

Manipulation Under Anesthesia: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Posttraumatic Arthrofibrosis of the Knee.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the results of closed manipulations performed under anesthesia (MUA) to evaluate whether it is an effective means to treat posttraumatic knee arthrofibrosis. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level I trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 40 underwent closed MUA for posttraumatic knee arthrofibrosis. Injuries included fractures of the femur, tibia, and patella as well as ligamentous injuries and traumatic arthrotomies. The mean time from treatment to manipulation was 90 days. Mean follow-up after manipulation was 7 months. INTERVENTION: Closed knee MUA. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Improvement of knee range of motion (ROM) arc was the primary outcome. Patient demographics were correlated with manipulation success using a 2-sample t test. A delay in manipulation of 90 days or greater was also evaluated in this fashion with regard to its role in predicting the benefit of MUA. RESULTS: The mean premanipulation ROM arc was 59 ± 25 degrees. The mean intraoperative arc of motion, achieved at the time of the manipulation was 123 ± 14 degrees. No complications occurred during the MUA procedure. At the most recent follow-up, the mean ROM arc was 110 ± 19 degrees. Tobacco use, associated injuries, elevated body mass index, open fracture, and advanced age did not impact manipulation efficacy. Additionally, manipulations performed 90 days or more after surgical treatment provided a benefit equaling those performed more acutely (P = 0.12). DISCUSSION: MUA is a safe and effective method to increase knee ROM in the setting of posttraumatic arthrofibrosis. Improvement in ROM was noted in all patients. A 90-day window between fracture fixation and manipulation did not impact ROM at final follow-up and may prevent fracture displacement during the MUA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Special tests for assessing meniscal tears within the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal knee pain is a large and costly problem, and meniscal tears make up a large proportion of diagnoses. 'Special tests' to diagnose torn menisci are often used in the physical examination of the knee joint. A large number of publications within the literature have investigated the diagnostic accuracy of these tests, yet despite the wealth of research their diagnostic accuracy remains unclear.Aim To synthesise the most current literature on the diagnostic accuracy of special tests for meniscal tears of the knee in adults. METHOD: An electronic search of MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allies Health Literature (CINAHL), The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and SPORT Discus databases was carried out from inception to December 2014. Two authors independently selected studies and independently extracted data. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) 2 tool. RESULTS: Nine studies were included (n=1234) and three special tests were included in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor. McMurray's had a sensitivity of 61% (95% CI 45% to 74%) and a specificity of 84% (95% CI 69%to 92%). Joint line tenderness had a sensitivity of 83%(95% CI 73% to 90%) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI 61% to 94%). Thessaly 20° had a sensitivity of 75%(95% CI 53% to 89%) and a specificity of 87% (95% CI 65% to 96%). CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of the special tests to diagnose meniscal tears remains poor. However, these results should be used with caution, due to the poor quality and low numbers of included studies and high levels of heterogeneity.

Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Greek version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with total knee replacement.

PURPOSE: Aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the developed Greek version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. METHODS: Psychometric properties of the Greek version of KOOS were evaluated according to the Consensus-based Standards Measurements Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Patients' pre-operative clinical status and post-operative outcomes at two occasions (at discharge and 10-12 days post-operatively) were evaluated using the KOOS, KOS-ADL and SF-12 Health Survey. RESULTS: A comprehensive Greek KOOS was piloted and well accepted by patients and therefore administered to 60 consecutive TKR patients (mean age 72.2 ± 7.2 years, 39 women). Excellent Internal consistency, good test-retest reliability of KOOS and KOOS 5 subdomains, respectively [ICC(2-1) 0.76, 95% CI = 0.235-0.902 and 0.89, 95% CI = 0.843-0.927] was yielded. A priori hypotheses for construct validity were confirmed with KOOS score and subdomains for pain, symptoms and Everyday Living function (ADL) correlating moderately with KOS-ADL. Responsiveness for KOOS subdomains of Pain and Symptoms yielded moderate effect size (ES = 0.4). CONCLUSION: The Greek KOOS was found to be a practical and comprehensible self-reported measure for TKR patients with acceptable psychometric properties. It is therefore, recommendable for usage in future clinical trials and clinical practice. Implications for Rehabilitation The Greek version of KOOS is an essential assessment scale to evaluate not only acute injuries but also chronic knee associated conditions in a holistic perspective. The Greek KOOS has been found to be a practical and comprehensible self-reported measure for TKR patients with acceptable psychometric properties, recommendable for usage in future clinical trials and clinical practice. KOOS Greek version (downloadable at the official site http://www.koos.nu/koosgreek.pdf ) was used in the validity study.

Patellar tendinopathy - recent developments toward treatment.

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a clinical and chronic overuse condition of unknown pathogenesis and etiology marked by anterior knee pain typically manifested at the inferior pole of the patella. PT has been referred to as "jumper's knee" since it is particularly common among populations of jumping athletes, such as basketball and volleyball players. Due to its common refractory response to conservative treatment, a variety of new treatments have emerged recently that include dry-needling, sclerosing injections, platelet-rich plasma therapy, arthroscopic surgical procedures, surgical resection of the inferior patellar pole, extracorporeal shock wave treatment, and hyperthermia thermotherapy. Since PT has an unknown pathogenesis and etiology, PT treatment is more a result of physician experience than evidence-based science. This review will summarize the current literature on this topic, identify current research efforts aimed to understand the pathological changes in abnormal tendons, provide exposure to the emerging treatment techniques, and provide suggested direction for future research.

Manual therapy directed at the knee or lumbopelvic region does not influence quadriceps spinal reflex excitability.

UNLABELLED: Manual therapies, directed to the knee and lumbopelvic region, have demonstrated the ability to improve neuromuscular quadriceps function in individuals with knee pathology. It remains unknown if manual therapies may alter impaired spinal reflex excitability, thus identifying a potential mechanism in which manual therapy may improve neuromuscular function following knee injury. AIM: To determine the effect of local and distant mobilisation/manipulation interventions on quadriceps spinal reflex excitability. METHODS: Seventy-five individuals with a history of knee joint injury and current quadriceps inhibition volunteered for this study. Participants were randomised to one of five intervention groups: lumbopelvic manipulation (grade V), lumbopelvic manipulation positioning (no thrust), grade IV patellar mobilisation, grade I patellar mobilisation, and control (no treatment). Changes in spinal reflex excitability were quantified by assessing the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex), presynaptic, and postsynaptic excitability. A hierarchical linear-mixed model for repeated measures was performed to compare changes in outcome variables between groups over time (pre, post 0, 30, 60, 90 min). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in H-reflex, presynaptic, or postsynaptic excitability between groups across time. CONCLUSIONS: Manual therapies directed to the knee or lumbopelvic region did not acutely change quadriceps spinal reflex excitability. Although manual therapies may improve impairments and functional outcomes the underlying mechanism does not appear to be related to changes in spinal reflex excitability.

Soft tissue knee injury with concomitant osteochondral fracture is associated with higher degree of acute joint inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Osteochondral fractures are often seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of acutely injured knees, but their existence has gained little interest because of a lack of knowledge of their relation to treatment options and outcome. It is not clear whether acute phase synovial fluid (SF) concentrations of cartilage and bone markers and proinflammatory cytokines are different between traumatically injured knees with or without osteochondral fracture. HYPOTHESIS: Acutely injured knees with an osteochondral fracture, particularly fractures with disrupted cortical bone, have higher concentrations of bone markers and cytokines than do knees without an osteochondral fracture. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Synovial fluid (hemarthrosis) was aspirated (median 1 day after injury) and 1.5-T MRI was performed (median 8 days after injury) in the acutely injured knee of 98 individuals (26% women; mean age, 23 years). As visualized on MRI, 39% knees had an osteochondral fracture with disrupted cortical bone, 30% had an osteochondral fracture with intact cortical bone, and 32% did not have an osteochondral fracture. Concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, ARGS aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, osteocalcin, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), osteopontin and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were analyzed. RESULTS: After adjusting for days between injury and SF aspiration, age at injury, and sex, knees with any osteochondral fracture (with or without disrupted cortical bone) had significantly higher SF concentrations of TNF-α (median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 9 [7-12] pg/mL vs. 7 [5-14] pg/mL; P = .013), whereas knees with an osteochondral fracture with disrupted cortical bone had significantly higher SF concentrations (medians [IQRs]) of SPARC (492 [328-754] ng/mL vs. 407 [140-685] ng/mL; P = .030), IL-8 (278 [148-628] pg/mL vs. 138 [67-413] pg/mL; P = .028), and TNF-α (11 [7-15] pg/mL vs. 7 [5-14] pg/mL; P = .004) compared with knees without an osteochondral fracture. CONCLUSION: In acutely injured knees with hemarthrosis, a concomitant osteochondral fracture with disrupted cortical bone is associated with a higher degree of joint inflammation.

Physical examination tests for the diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament rupture: a systematic review.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic literature review. OBJECTIVES: To summarize and evaluate research on the accuracy of physical examination tests for diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear. BACKGROUND: Rupture of the PCL is a severe knee injury that can lead to delayed rehabilitation, instability, or chronic knee pathologies. To our knowledge, there is currently no systematic review of studies on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination tests to evaluate the integrity of the PCL. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE from 1946, Embase from 1974, and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database from 1985 until April 30, 2012. Studies were considered eligible if they compared the results of physical examination tests performed in the context of a PCL physical examination to those of a reference standard (arthroscopy, arthrotomy, magnetic resonance imaging). Methodological quality assessment was performed by 2 independent reviewers using the revised version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. RESULTS: The search strategy revealed 1307 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria for this review. In these studies, 11 different physical examination tests were identified. Due to differences in study types, different patient populations, and methodological quality, meta-analysis was not indicated. Presently, most physical examination tests have not been evaluated sufficiently enough to be confident in their ability to either confirm or rule out a PCL tear. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests to assess the integrity of the PCL is largely unknown. There is a strong need for further research in this area. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 3a.

Rehabilitation of an osteochondral fracture using blood flow restricted exercise: a case review.

OBJECTIVES: In this case review we report on a bodybuilder who used a practical model of blood flow restriction (BFR) training to successfully rehabilitate himself following an injury to his right knee. RESULTS: The patient originally thought he had torn his meniscus however repeat radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed an osteochondral fracture. The patient initially sought out a low load alternative to help with the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. However, following rehabilitation with low load BFR resistance training, radiographs indicated that the bone had begun to heal suggesting that this type of training may also benefit bone. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this case review provides evidence that practical BFR using knee wraps can serve as an effective stimulus during rehabilitation from a knee injury.

Surgical treatment of symptomatic discoid medial meniscus in childhood: a case report.

If the meniscus has a spherical shape and not a semilunary structure, it is called as discoid meniscus. This anomaly is generally seen in the lateral meniscus; however, it is rare in the medial meniscus. Although the discoid meniscus is usually asymptomatic in children and adolescents, it could present as a meniscal tear. An 11-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with right knee pain and lack of extension of the knee joint. He was diagnosed as discoid medial meniscus. On physical examination, we observed tenderness at the knee joint line with an effusion of the knee and a restriction during the extension movement of the knee joint. McMurray test was positive. Conventional radiograms revealed widening of the medial joint line and cupping of the medial tibial plateau. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a discoid meniscus image at sagittal slices. In this case, after the arthroscopic partial menisectomy, we obtained an excellent result at 2 years follow-up.

Rodilla flotante: epidemiología y evolución funcional postoperatoria / Floating knee: epidemiology and postoperatory functional evolution

Se denomina rodilla flotante a la combinación de fracturas de fémur y de tibia ipsilateral, como resultado principalmente a traumas de alta energía, frecuente en accidentes viales y la mortalidad supera el 10%. Se presenta con mayor incidencia en jóvenes de edades productivas. Ameritan un abordaje multidisciplinario y manejo quirúrgico complejo, la estadia intrahospitalaria es prolongada. El presente estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo, incluye 20 pacientes, pretende describir el marco epidemiológico de esta patología y conocer la evolución funcional de los diversos tratamientos establecidos en nuestro hospital, durante el periodo enero 2008 a enero 2010. Entre los resultados obtenidos la mayor incidencia fue del sexo masculino, en edades entre 15 y 35 años. La principal causa fue accidente en moto. La distribución del tipo de fractura según Fraser fue equitativo y las lesiones asociadas considerablemente elevadas. Se realizó estabilización primaria con fijación externa en 55% de los casos. La evolución funcional según Karlstromy Olerud fue regulara pobre, relacionándose con las principales complicaciones. A través del estudio se visualiza la rodilla flotante como un problema de dimensiones crecientes, según el incremento en los accidentes de alta energía; que no solo compete al equipo médico, sino también a los diversos entes gubernamentales, a quienes recomendamos su efectiva intervención.

Its designated floating knee to a combination of femoral and fibular ipsilateral fractures, as a result of high energy trauma which more common cause are road accidents, a mortality that overcomes a 10%. The main incidence it’s present in young in productive ages. demands a multidisciplinariyaproach and its surgical handle is complex, the intrahospitalary stay is long. The present is an descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective, research, that includes 20 patient and pretends to describe the epidemiológical frame of this pathology as well as knowing the functional evolution of the diverse treatments established in our hospital during the period January 2008 to January 2010. Among the results was the higher incidence of males, aged between 15 and 35 years. The main cause was an accident on a motorcycle. The distribution to type of fracture Fraser´s was fair and substantially higher associated injuries. Was perform external estabilitation primary in 55% of cases. The funtional evolution in accordance with Karlstrom and Olerud was fair to poor, relate to with major complications. Through the study floating knee is displayedas a problem of increasing dimensions, according to the increase in high-energy accidents, not only the responsibility of the medical team, but also to various government bodies, who recommend their effective intervention.

Quadriceps muscle activation and radiographic osteoarthritis following ACL revision.

PURPOSE: Quadriceps strength and activation may play an important role in the recovery from ACL revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to describe quadriceps strength and central activation ratio (CAR) and correlate with radiographic findings in patients with ACL revision surgery. METHODS: Twenty-one patients who were on average 47.5 ± 21.1 months [range: 14-85 months] post-revision ACL reconstruction. We performed knee joint physical examination and radiographic evaluation. Quadriceps strength testing consisted of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) with the knee bent to 90-degrees bilaterally. We calculated quadriceps central activation ratio using the superimposed burst technique. Radiographs (bilateral standing antero-posterior in knee flexion and lateral in full extension) were evaluated by a fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grading system. RESULTS: Mean CAR was 83.9 ± 12.0% on the reconstructed limb and 85.5 ± 9.5% on the contralateral limb. Average, normalized MVIC torque was 2.5 ± 1.0 Nm/kg on the reconstructed limb and 2.7 ± 1.0 N m/kg for the contralateral limb. Patient age at the time of follow-up evaluation was related to severity of knee joint degeneration, particularly the medial, anterior and patellofemoral compartments. Younger patients with lower CARs tended to have more severe degeneration in the patellofemoral joint. Older patients with lower normalized MVIC torque values tended to exhibit more severely graded degeneration in the patellofemoral joint. CONCLUSION: Bilateral quadriceps central activation deficits and radiographic osteoarthritis are evident in patients with revision ACL reconstruction.