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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e257126, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529221

ABSTRACT

O texto é um relato de experiência da participação no Grupo de Estudos psicoQuilombologia ocorrida nos meses de setembro de 2020 a março de 2021, período atravessado pela segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é apresentar o conceito-movimento de psicoQuilombologia como uma proposta epistemológica quilombola de agenciamento de cuidado e saúde, com base em uma escuta que se faça descolonial e inspirada no fecundo e ancestral acervo de cuidado dos povos africanos, quilombolas e pretos, preservado e atualizado em nossos quilombos contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é a escrevivência, método desenvolvido por Conceição Evaristo que propõe uma escrita em que as vivência e memórias estão totalmente entrelaçadas, imersas e imbricadas com a pesquisa. O resultado das escrevivências dessa pesquisa descortinam que os povos pretos desenvolveram práticas de cuidado e acolhimento às vulnerabilidades do outro, enraizadas no fortalecimento de laços e conexões coletivas de afetos e cuidado mútuos. Práticas de cuidado que articulam memória, ancestralidade, tradição, comunidade, transformação, luta, resistência e emancipação, engendrando modos coletivos de ser e viver. Nas quais cuidar do outro implica tratar suas relações e situar o cuidado como extensão de uma cura que se agencia no coletivo. O trabalho conclui apontando que o cenário pandêmico vigente acentua a pungência de se desenvolver estratégias de cuidado baseadas em epistemologias pretas e quilombolas, valorizando os sentidos de ancestralidade, comunidade, pertencimento e emancipação.(AU)


The text is an experience report of the participation in the psicoQuilombology Study Group that carried out from September 2020 to March 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The purpose of the report is to introduce the concept-movement of psicoQuilombology as a quilombola epistemological proposal for the development of care and health, based on a decolonial listening and inspired by the rich care collection of African peoples, quilombolas and Blacks, preserved and updated in our contemporary quilombos. The methodology used is writexperience [escrevivências], a method developed by Conceição Evaristo who proposes a writing in that the experiences and memories are totally involved with the research. The result of the writability of this research show that Black people have developed practices of care and acceptance of the other's vulnerabilities, based on the strengthening of ties and collective connections of mutual affection and care. Care practices that mix memory, ancestry, tradition, community, transformation, struggle, resistance and emancipation, outlining collective ways of being and living. The core idea is that taking care of the other means treating your relationships and maintaining care as an extension of a cure that takes place in the collective. The paper concludes by pointing out that the current pandemic scenario demonstrates the urgent need to develop care strategies based on black and quilombola epistemologies, valuing the senses of ancestry, community, belonging and emancipation.(AU)


Este es un reporte de experiencia de la participación en el Grupo de Estudio psicoQuilombología que ocurrió en los meses de septiembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021, periodo en que Brasil afrontaba la segunda ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Su propósito es presentar el concepto-movimiento de psicoQuilombología como una propuesta epistemológica quilombola para el desarrollo del cuidado y la salud, basada en una escucha decolonial e inspirada en el rico acervo asistencial de los pueblos africanos, quilombolas y negros, conservado y actualizado en nuestros quilombos contemporáneos. La metodología utilizada es la escrivivencia, un método desarrollado por Conceição Evaristo quien propone una escrita en que las vivencias y los recuerdos están totalmente involucrados con la investigación. El resultado de la escrivivencia muestra que las personas negras han desarrollado prácticas de cuidado y aceptación de las vulnerabilidades del otro, basadas en el fortalecimiento de lazos y conexiones colectivas de afecto y cuidado mutuos. Prácticas de cuidado que mezclan memoria, ascendencia, tradición, comunidad, transformación, lucha, resistencia y emancipación, perfilando formas colectivas de ser y vivir. El cuidar al otro significa tratar sus relaciones y mantener el cuidado como una extensión de una cura que tiene lugar en lo colectivo. El trabajo concluye que el actual escenario pandémico demuestra la urgente necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de atención basadas en epistemologías negras y quilombolas, y que valoren los sentidos de ascendencia, comunidad, pertenencia y emancipación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Black or African American , Health Strategies , Problem-Based Learning , Knowledge , Empathy , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Quilombola Communities , Poverty , Prejudice , Psychology , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Religion , Audiovisual Aids , Social Behavior , Social Conditions , Social Desirability , Social Dominance , Social Identification , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Mainstreaming, Education , Attitude , Ethnicity , Family , Mental Health , Colonialism , Congresses as Topic , Basic Sanitation , Community Participation , Life , Cooperative Behavior , Internet , Culture , Spiritual Therapies , Personal Autonomy , Spirituality , Vulnerable Populations , Black People , Agriculture , Education , Ego , User Embracement , Existentialism , Racism , Social Marginalization , Human Migration , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Moral Status , Frailty , Survivorship , Political Activism , Social Construction of Ethnic Identity , Nation-State , Freedom , Social Vulnerability Index , Solidarity , Empowerment , Social Evolution , Sociodemographic Factors , Systemic Racism , Ethnic and Racial Minorities , Cognitive Restructuring , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Working Conditions , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , Hierarchy, Social , History , Homing Behavior , Household Work , Housing , Human Rights , Individuality , Life Change Events , Mass Behavior
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e265125, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529229

ABSTRACT

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi levantar o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo de psicólogos escolares, e discutir seu impacto nas práticas junto ao coletivo escolar e no trabalho em equipe. No município onde ocorreu a pesquisa, o psicólogo escolar é membro da equipe de especialistas em Educação. Participaram da pesquisa 62 psicólogos que atuam no Ensino Fundamental I, II, e na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os participantes responderam um questionário on-line com perguntas abertas e fechadas sobre dados sociodemográficos, de formação e atuação profissional. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa a partir dos objetivos e itens do instrumento, quais sejam: caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico dos psicólogos escolares, formação acadêmica, atuação em psicologia escolar, atuação em outros campos/áreas da psicologia, e atuação em equipe de especialistas. A média de idade dos profissionais é de 47,46 anos, e apenas um é do sexo masculino. Possuem tempo de atuação de um a 36 anos, e a maioria não possui estágio supervisionado e pós-graduações no campo da psicologia escolar. Parte das equipes que trabalham nas escolas está incompleta, e há uma variabilidade nos dias e horários de reuniões. Reafirma-se que a formação de psicólogos escolares tem repercussões na atuação junto à equipe multidisciplinar, e a importância de intervenções pautadas na perspectiva crítica e psicossocial em Psicologia Escolar. Ademais, conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e formativo destes profissionais possibilita obter um quadro atualizado sobre o grupo pesquisado e criar estratégias de intervenção que potencializem a atuação desses profissionais junto à equipe de especialistas e demais setores da escola.(AU)


The aim of this research is to identify the sociodemographic and training profile of school psychologists, and discuss their impact on practices within the school collective and the teamwork. In the city where the research took place, the school psychologist is a member of the council's expert team in Education. The research participants included 62 psychologists that work in elementary and intermediate school, and EJA. They answered an open and multiple choice online survey on sociodemographic, formation, and working data. A qualitative analysis was conducted considering its objectives and items, namely: sociodemographic profile, academic education, professional background on school psychology, other psychology fields/ areas, and participation on expert teams. The professionals are 47 and 46 years old, average, only one of them being male. They work in this position from one up to 36 years, and most of them do not have training experience and postgraduate studies in school psychology. Part of the teams working at schools are incomplete, and there is a variability concerning days and hours to team meetings. It is notable that the training profile of psychologists has repercussions in the performance with the multidisciplinary team, and in the importance of interventions based on critical and psychosocial perspectives in School Psychology. Moreover, knowing the sociodemographic and training profile of these professionals allowed us to have an updated chart about the researched group, as well as to create intervention strategies that enhance these professionals' performance within the expert team and other sectors of the school.(AU)


Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo levantar el perfil sociodemográfico y formativo de psicólogos escolares para discutir su impacto en las prácticas junto al colectivo escolar y al trabajo en equipo. En el municipio donde ocurrió la investigación, este profesional es miembro del equipo municipal de especialistas en Educación. Participaron 62 psicólogos que actúan en la educación primaria, secundaria y en la educación para jóvenes y adultos (EJA), y que respondieron a un cuestionario en línea con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple sobre datos sociodemográficos, de formación y de actuación profesional. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo según sus objetivos e ítems, o sea: perfil sociodemográfico, formación académica, actuación en Psicología Escolar, en otros campos/áreas de la Psicología o en equipo de especialistas. La edad mediana de los profesionales es de 46-47 años, y solo uno es del sexo masculino. El tiempo de actuación en el área varía entre 1 y 36 años, y la mayoría de los encuestados no tiene formación inicial y posgrado en el campo de la Psicología Escolar. Parte de los equipos que trabajan en las escuelas está incompleta, y existe una variabilidad en los días y horarios de reuniones. Se observó que la formación de los psicólogos escolares tiene repercusiones en la actuación con el equipo multidisciplinario y en la importancia de intervenciones basadas en la perspectiva crítica y psicosocial en Psicología Escolar. Además, conocer su perfil sociodemográfico y formativo posibilita obtener un cuadro actualizado sobre el grupo investigado, además de crear estrategias de intervención que potencialicen la actuación junto al equipo de especialistas y a los demás sectores de la escuela.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient Care Team , Professional Practice Location , Psychology , Teaching , Educational Status , Organizational Innovation , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Problem Solving , Professional Practice , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology, Clinical , Remedial Teaching , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Social Identification , Stress, Psychological , Student Dropouts , Toilet Training , Underachievement , Vocational Guidance , Work , Behavior , Technical Cooperation , Mainstreaming, Education , Adaptation, Psychological , Organizational Culture , Family , Child Guidance , Child Rearing , Mental Health , Child Health , Intersectoral Collaboration , Negotiating , Cognition , Communication , Competency-Based Education , Problem-Based Learning , Comprehensive Health Care , Cultural Diversity , Cooperative Behavior , Self Efficacy , Counseling , Psychosocial Impact , Moral Development , Qualitative Research , Dyslexia , Education , Education, Special , Educational Measurement , Efficiency , Emotions , Empathy , Ethics, Institutional , Planning , Low-Cost Housing , Resilience, Psychological , Emotional Intelligence , Bullying , Interdisciplinary Studies , Dyscalculia , Social Skills , Psychology, Developmental , Problem Behavior , Self-Control , Cognitive Neuroscience , School Teachers , Academic Performance , Academic Success , Cyberbullying , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Psychosocial Functioning , Psychosocial Intervention , Sociodemographic Factors , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Collective Efficacy , Human Development , Intelligence , Interpersonal Relations , Leadership , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Motivation
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e244202, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431126

ABSTRACT

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a atuação de psicólogas(os) no campo da educação básica. Tivemos como objetivo investigar as práticas de atuação e os desafios enfrentados pelas(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação em Boa Vista (RR), com intuito de conhecer a inserção desses profissionais no sistema educacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Escolar Crítica. Realizamos o processo de levantamento dos dados entre os meses de março e abril de 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e transcritas. Encontramos 21 psicólogas e um psicólogo trabalhando em instituições educacionais e de ensino na cidade; a maioria atuava na educação básica; metade dos entrevistados ingressou por concurso público e a outra metade era contratada e comissionada; poucos(as) foram contratados(as) como psicólogos(as) escolares. Para a análise, selecionamos dez psicólogas(os) com mais tempo no cargo. Quanto às práticas de atuação, identificamos que 60% atuavam na modalidade clínica e 40% na modalidade clínica e institucional. Como desafios, encontramos melhoria das condições de trabalho; estabelecimento de relações hierárquicas e a dificuldade de fazer compreender as especificidades desse campo de trabalho; necessidade na melhoria das condições para formação continuada; atuação da(o) psicóloga(o) escolar enquanto ação institucional. Diante do exposto, compreendemos ser necessária uma mudança de paradigma na atuação das(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação na região, e a apropriação das discussões da área, principalmente, aquelas apresentadas pela Psicologia Escolar Crítica, vez que esta contribui para uma atuação que leve em conta os determinantes sociais, políticos, culturais e pedagógicos que constituem o processo de escolarização.(AU)


This work has as object of study the role of psychologists in the field of Basic Education. We aimed to investigate practices and challenges faced by psychologists who work in education in Boa Vista/RR, to know the insertion of these professionals in the educational system. This is a qualitative research, guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical School Psychology. The data collection process was carried out between March and April 2018, with semi-structured, audio-recorded, and transcribed interviews. We found 21 female psychologists and one male psychologist working in educational institutions in the municipality; most worked in Basic Education; half of the interviewees had applied to work as government employee and the other half were hired and commissioned; few were hired as school psychologists. To carry out the analysis, we selected ten psychologists with more time in the position. Regarding the practices, we have identified that 60% worked in the clinical modality and 40% in the clinical and institutional modality. As challenges, we find the improvement in working conditions; the establishment of hierarchical relationships and the difficulty of making the specificities of this field of work understood; the need to improve conditions for continuing education; the practice of the school psychologist as institutional action. In view of the above, we understand that a paradigm shift in the performance of psychologists working in education in that region is necessary, and the appropriation of discussions in the area, especially those presented by Critical School Psychology, contributes to an action that considers social, political, cultural, and pedagogical determinants that constitute the schooling process.(AU)


Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la actuación profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) en la educación básica. Su objetivo es investigar las prácticas y retos que enfrentan las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación en Boa Vista, en Roraima (Brasil), con la intención de conocer la inserción de estos profesionales en el sistema educativo. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se guía por el marco teórico-metodológico de la Psicología Escolar Crítica. Se recopilaron los datos entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y después transcritas. Las 21 psicólogas y un psicólogo trabajan en instituciones educativas de la ciudad; la mayoría trabajaba en la educación básica; la mitad de los entrevistados ingresaron mediante concurso público y la otra mitad era contratada y de puesto comisionado; pocos fueron contratados como psicólogos escolares. Para el análisis, se seleccionaron diez psicólogas(os) con más tiempo en el cargo. Con respecto a las prácticas, el 60% trabajaba en la modalidad clínica; y el 40%, en la modalidad clínica e institucional. Los retos son mejora de las condiciones laborales; establecimiento de relaciones jerárquicas y dificultad para comprender las especificidades de este campo de trabajo; necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para la educación continua; y actuación dela (del) psicóloga(o) escolar como acción institucional. En vista de lo anterior, es necesario el cambio de paradigma en la práctica profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación de la región y la apropiación de las discusiones del área, especialmente las presentadas por la Psicología Escolar Crítica, que contribuye a una acción que tiene en cuenta los determinantes sociales, políticos, culturales y pedagógicos que constituyen el proceso de escolarización.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology, Educational , Schools , Education, Primary and Secondary , Pathology , Aptitude , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Prejudice , Psychology , Psychology, Applied , Psychology, Clinical , Psychomotor Performance , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Remedial Teaching , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , School Health Services , Autistic Disorder , Social Adjustment , Social Change , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Values , Socialization , Student Dropouts , Students , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms , Task Performance and Analysis , Thinking , Underachievement , Behavior , Mainstreaming, Education , Mentors , Adaptation, Psychological , Family , Child Advocacy , Developmental Disabilities , Child Guidance , Child Rearing , Mental Health , Child Health , Mental Competency , Public Sector , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Disabled Persons , Interview , Cognition , Communication , Communication Disorders , Problem-Based Learning , Community Participation , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Counseling , Creativity , Growth and Development , Dyslexia , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Education, Special , Educational Measurement , Educational Status , Projects , Ethics, Institutional , Information Technology , Faculty , Resilience, Psychological , Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena , Bullying , Medicalization , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Academic Failure , School Mental Health Services , Psychosocial Functioning , Social Vulnerability , Health Services Needs and Demand , Holistic Health , Human Development , Human Rights , Individuality , Intelligence , Interpersonal Relations , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Medical History Taking , Memory , Mental Disorders , Motivation
4.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e254081, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1440799

ABSTRACT

Este artigo pretende conhecer como a rede de cuidados em saúde tem se operacionalizado a partir da percepção de familiares de crianças com demanda de cuidado em saúde mental (SM). Foram realizados dois grupos focais, um com familiares da Atenção Básica (AB) e outro com familiares do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Seguiu-se com a análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente, com o auxílio do software R Interface, a fim de análises multidimensionais de textos e questionários (IRaMuTeQ), resultando em cinco classes: A Pílula Mágica; Forças e Fraquezas dos serviços; Procurando por ajuda; Aceitando o diagnóstico da criança e Onde procurei ajuda. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades presentes na AB em identificar e manejar situações de Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil (SMIJ), por meio de uma lógica ainda medicalizante. Ressalta-se que a escola é apresentada como lugar de destaque na produção da demanda por cuidado e a família ainda é pouco convocada à construção das ações. Conclui-se, então, que avanços ainda são necessários para operacionalização de um cuidado pautado nas diretrizes da política de SMIJ.(AU)


This article aims to know how the healthcare network has been operationalized from the perception of family members of children with demand for mental health care (MH). Two focus groups were held, one with family members from Primary Care (PC) and the other with family members from the Child Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), totaling 15 participants. A lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type was performed with the help of the software R Interface for multidimensional analyzes of texts and questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), resulting in five classes: The Magic Pill; Strengths and Weaknesses of services; Looking for help; Accepting the child's diagnosis; and Where did I look for help. The results point to difficulties present in PC in identifying and managing situations of mental health in children and adolescents (MHCA), with a medicalization logic. Note that the school is presented as a prominent place in producing the demand for care, and the family is still not very much involved in the actions. It is, thus, concluded that advances are still needed for operationalization of care guided by MHCA policy guidelines.(AU)


Este artículo tuvo por objetivo conocer cómo opera una red asistencial a partir de la percepción de familiares de niños con demanda de atención en salud mental (SM). Se realizaron dos grupos focales, uno con familiares de Atención Primaria (AP) y otro con familiares del Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), totalizando 15 participantes. Se realizó análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), lo que resultó en cinco clases: "La píldora mágica"; "Fortalezas y debilidades de los servicios"; "En busca de ayuda"; "Aceptar el diagnóstico del niño" y "¿Dónde busqué ayuda?". Los resultados apuntan las dificultades presentes en AP para identificar y manejar situaciones de salud mental infantojuvenil (SMIJ) mediante una lógica aún medicalizante. La escuela tiene un lugar destacado en la producción de la demanda de cuidados y la familia aún no está muy involucrada en la construcción de acciones. Se concluye que se necesitan avances para ofertar una atención guiada por lineamientos de la política del SMIJ.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Child , Adolescent , Intersectoral Collaboration , Mental Health Assistance , Health Policy , Anxiety Disorders , Parents , Patient Escort Service , Pediatrics , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Prejudice , Professional-Family Relations , Professional-Patient Relations , Proprioception , Psychoanalysis , Psychology , Psychomotor Disorders , Psychotherapy , Psychotic Disorders , Referral and Consultation , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Self Care , Autistic Disorder , Social Alienation , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Support , Socialization , Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms , Therapeutics , Violence , Mainstreaming, Education , Shyness , Neurosciences , Adaptation, Psychological , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Health Centers , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Comorbidity , Child Advocacy , Child Behavior Disorders , Child Care , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Child Language , Occupational Therapy , Cognition , Communication Disorders , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Stereotypic Movement Disorder , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Disabled Children , Affect , Crying , Aggression , Dermatitis, Contact , Diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders , Dyslexia , Echolalia , Education , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Education, Special , Emotions , Family Conflict , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Medication Adherence , Apathy , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Emotional Adjustment , Literacy , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Orientation, Spatial , Applied Behavior Analysis , Cognitive Remediation , Emotion-Focused Therapy , Pediatricians , Data Analysis , Sadness , Psychological Distress , Social Interaction , Health Services Accessibility , Human Rights , Hyperkinesis , Intelligence , Interpersonal Relations , Anger , Language Disorders , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Loneliness , Malpractice , Mental Disorders , Intellectual Disability , Nervous System Diseases , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
5.
PLoS One ; 17(1): e0262359, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34990476

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition literacy has been cited as a crucial life skill. Nutrition education as a primary school subject has been treated inconsequentially when compared to other subjects. We investigated an aspect of the current state of nutrition education in Ghana by engaging stakeholders about their sources of nutrition information and the perceived barriers in implementing nutrition education in mainstream primary schools. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty one (351) primary school children, 121 homebased caregivers, six schoolteachers, two headteachers, two Ghana Education Service (GES) officials, and six school cooks were involved in the study. Surveys were used to collect data on nutrition information acquisition behaviors and to record perceived barriers. Key Informant Interviews were conducted among GES officials, headteachers, schoolteachers and school cooks, while Focus Group Discussions were used among homebased caregivers and children to gather qualitative information. RESULTS: Only 36.3% of the primary school children had heard about nutrition, and 71% of those got nutrition information from their family members. About 70% of homebased caregivers had heard or seen nutrition messages, and their source of nutrition information was predominantly traditional media. Schoolteachers mostly received their nutrition information from non-governmental organizations and the Internet, while most of the school cooks stated their main source of nutrition information was hospital visits. Perceived barriers included schoolteachers' knowledge insufficiency, and lack of resources to adequately deliver nutrition education. Lack of a clear policy appeared to be an additional barrier. CONCLUSION: The barriers to the implementation of nutrition education in the mainstream curriculum at the primary school level that were identified in this study can be resolved by: providing schoolteachers with learning opportunities and adequate nutrition education resources for practical delivery, having specific national policy framework, and including family members and school cooks in the nutrition education knowledge and information dissemination process.


Subject(s)
Curriculum/standards , Health Education/standards , Mainstreaming, Education/standards , Schools/standards , Adult , Child , Counseling/education , Female , Focus Groups/methods , Ghana , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Nutritional Status/physiology , Qualitative Research
6.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42: e236353, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1406396

ABSTRACT

O consumo de medicamentos estimulantes cresceu nos últimos anos, no Brasil e no mundo. Pessoas de diferentes idades, especialmente crianças e adolescentes, passaram a consumir estimulantes como a principal terapêutica utilizada para tratar o transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Nesse contexto, estimulantes como as anfetaminas e o metilfenidato, mais conhecidos pelos nomes comerciais de Adderall e Ritalina, ganharam visibilidade social em razão da associação desses psicofármacos ao aperfeiçoamento de funções psíquicas como a atenção e o aumento na qualidade e no tempo de rendimento dos sujeitos nas mais variadas atividades. Com isso, aumentou também a procura desses estimulantes por pessoas que não estão em tratamento médico, mas que buscam aprimorar seu desempenho nas atividades que realizam. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar como o crescimento no consumo de estimulantes, seja por sujeitos em tratamento médico ou não, está relacionado aos processos de socialização hegemônicos nas sociedades capitalistas atualmente. Articulando o contexto apresentado com os conceitos da psicanálise lacaniana, foi possível concluir que o consumo massivo de estimulantes está relacionado aos processos de patologização e medicalização da existência, colocados em movimento por uma articulação entre o discurso médico-científico e o discurso do capitalista na contemporaneidade.(AU)


The consumption of stimulating drugs has grown in recent years in Brazil and worldwide. People of all ages, especially children and adolescents, started to use stimulants as the main therapy used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this context, stimulants such as amphetamines and methylphenidate, better known by the trade names Adderall and Ritalin, have gained social visibility due to the association of these psychoactive drugs with the improvement of psychic functions such as attention and the increase in quality and performance time of subjects in the most varied activities. As a result, the demand for these stimulants has also increased by people who are not undergoing medical treatment, but who seek to improve their performance in the activities they perform. Given this scenario, this article aimed to demonstrate how the growth in the consumption of stimulants, whether by subjects undergoing medical treatment or not, is related to the hegemonic socialization processes in capitalist societies today. Articulating the context presented with the concepts of Lacanian psychoanalysis, it was possible to conclude that the massive consumption of stimulants is related to the processes of pathologization and medicalization of existence, set in motion by an articulation between the medical-scientific discourse and the capitalist discourse in contemporary times.(AU)


El consumo de drogas estimulantes ha crecido en los últimos años, en Brasil y en otros países. Diversas personas, especialmente niños y adolescentes, comenzaron a usar estimulantes como la terapia principal utilizada para tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). En este contexto, los estimulantes como las anfetaminas y el metilfenidato, mejor conocidos por los nombres comerciales Adderall y Ritalina, han ganado visibilidad social debido a la asociación de estas drogas psicoactivas a la mejora de las funciones psíquicas, como la atención y el aumento de la calidad y el tiempo de rendimiento de los pacientes en diversas actividades. Como resultado, la demanda de estos estimulantes también ha aumentado por las personas que no reciben tratamiento médico, pero que buscan mejorar su desempeño en las actividades que realizan. Dado este escenario, el objetivo de este artículo era demostrar cómo el crecimiento en el consumo de estimulantes, ya sea por sujetos que reciben tratamiento médico o no, está relacionado con los procesos de socialización hegemónica en la sociedad capitalista actual. De la articulación del contexto presentado con los conceptos del psicoanálisis lacaniano se concluye que el consumo masivo de estimulantes está relacionado con los procesos de patologización y medicalización de la existencia, puestos en marcha por una articulación entre el discurso médico-científico y el discurso capitalista en los tiempos contemporáneos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Pathology , Psychoanalysis , Psychotropic Drugs , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Medicalization , Central Nervous System Stimulants , Psychology , Socialization , Therapeutics , Mainstreaming, Education , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Child , Adolescent , Panic Disorder , Adolescent Psychiatry , Substance-Related Disorders , Capitalism , Depression , Growth and Development , Diagnosis , Education, Special , Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency , Psychological Distress , Amphetamines , Hyperkinesis , Memory , Mental Disorders , Methylphenidate , Neuropsychological Tests
7.
Arts Health ; 13(2): 173-188, 2021 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31830868

ABSTRACT

Background: Arts therapies are increasingly being adopted within schools to alleviate and prevent a wide range of children's difficulties. Such therapies help to facilitate personal change and growth through arts media; visual arts, music, drama, dance and movement.Methods: This study aims to investigate the child-focused process and outcomes of an arts therapies intervention through child-reported questionnaires, interviews, participant observations, arts-work and biomarkers. The participants are 64 primary school children with mild emotional and behavioural difficulties.Expected results: To explore a) whether all components of the study (i.e. recruitment, randomisation, follow-up) can work together in a larger trial; b) the children's evaluations of arts therapies;c) the impact on children's wellbeing, quality of life and sleep; d) the sample size calculations and cost evaluations for future research. This is the first study to embrace all arts therapies as one research domain with a clear focus on children's verbal, non-verbal and physical responses.


Subject(s)
Art Therapy , Quality of Life , Child , Humans , Mainstreaming, Education , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Schools
8.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 24: e1341, fev.2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1149516

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as vivências de professores em lecionar para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno mental e suas necessidades no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 11 professores de escolas públicas do nível médio e fundamental de um município do norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista aberta, em profundidade, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017 e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. As vivências foram agrupadas e separadas em duas categorias: "o lecionar - dificuldades, necessidades e estratégias" e "o desafio da inclusão". Resultados: sentimentos como frustração, medo e preocupação em não desempenhar adequado papel como educador foram mencionados. Identificou-se a falta de conhecimento dos professores e de estrutura das instituições para um processo de ensino-aprendizagem adequado que promova a inclusão. E, também, a fragilidade da articulação entre escola e serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: destaca-se a necessidade da articulação das instituições de educação e saúde, que pode auxiliar o planejamento corresponsável de estratégias que favoreçam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais, a assistência integral e a inclusão.


RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la experiencia de los docentes en la enseñanza de niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales y sus necesidades en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo realizado con 11 docentes de escuelas públicas de enseñanza primaria y secundaria de un municipio del norte del estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Los datos se recogieron a través de una entrevista abierta en profudidad, entre agosto y septiembre de 2017, y después se analizaron según su contenido. Las experiencias se agruparon y separaron en dos categorías: "enseñanza - dificultades, necesidades y estrategias" y "el desafío de la inclusión". Resultados: se manifestaron sentimientos tales como: frustación, temor y preocupación por no desempeñar un papel adecuado como educador. Se identificó la falta de conocimiento de los docentes y de estructura de las instituciones para un proceso adecuado de enseñanza- aprendizaje que promueva la inclusión. También quedó evidente la fragilidad de la articulación entre la escuela y los servicios de salud. Conclusión: se realza la necesidad de articulación entre las instituciones educativas y de salud, con miras a respaldar la planificación corresponsable de las estrategias que favorezcan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales, la atención integral y la iclusión.


ABSTRACT Objective: to know the experiences of teachers in teaching children and adolescents with mental disorders and their needs in the teaching-learning process. Method: this is a descriptive, qualitative study, carried out with 11 teachers from public high and elementary schools in a municipality in the north of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The data were collected through an openin-depth interview, from August to September 2017 and submitted to thematic content analysis. The experiences were grouped and separated into two categories: "teaching - difficulties, needs and strategies" and "the challenges of mainstreaming". Results: feelings such as frustration, fear and concern about not playing an appropriate role as an educator were mentioned. It was identified the lack of knowledge of teachers and the lack of institutional structure foran adequate teaching-learning process that promotes inclusion. Also, the fragility of the articulation between school and health services. Final considerations: there is a need for the articulation of education and health institutions, which can assist the co-responsible planning of strategies that favor the teaching-learning process of children and adolescents with mental disorders, comprehensive care and inclusion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Mainstreaming, Education , Mental Health , Intersectoral Collaboration , School Teachers/psychology , Mental Disorders , Child Health , Adolescent Health
9.
Arq. bras. psicol. (Rio J. 2003) ; 72(spe): 185-198, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149132

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a inclusão de alunos/as indígenas com deficiências nas escolas municipais em aldeias em que vivem os Pupykary/Apurinã, no município de Boca do Acre, no sul do estado do Amazonas. Neste sentido, discutimos de que modo podemos tecer uma relação entre deficiência, tal como definida pela Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (LBI) e pelos ativismos sociais da deficiência, assim como as concepções indígenas de deficiência, em especial, na perspectiva da cosmovisão Pupykary/Apurinã. A pergunta em questão nos levou ao campo da inclusão: quais são os sentidos de inclusão para as pessoas com deficiência na perspectiva dos povos indígenas, em particular dos Pupykary/Apurinã? Concluímos apontando a urgência de afirmarmos desobediências epistêmicas, decoloniais, que busquem políticas públicas voltadas a indígenas com deficiências e que levem em conta a singularidade dos modos de vida indígenas.


This paper aims to discuss the inclusion of indigenous students with disabilities in municipal schools in villages where Pupykary/Apurinã live, in the municipality of Boca do Acre, in the south of the state of Amazonas. In this sense, we discuss how we can weave a relationship between disability, as defined by the Brazilian Inclusion Law and by the social activism of disability, and indigenous conceptions of disability, especially from the perspective of the worldview Pupykary/Apurinã. The question in focus took us to the field of inclusion: what are the meanings of inclusion for people with disabilities from the perspective of indigenous peoples, in particular Pupykary/Apurinã? We conclude by pointing out the urgency of affirming epistemic decolonial disobediences, which lead us to public policies aimed at indigenous people with disabilities that take into account the uniqueness of indigenous ways of life.


Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la inclusión de alumnos/as indígenas con discapacidad en las escuelas municipales de las aldeas donde viven los Pupykary/Apurinã, en el municipio de Boca do Acre, en el sur del estado de Amazonas. En este sentido, discutimos cómo podemos tejer una relación entre la discapacidad, tal como la define la Ley de Inclusión Brasileña (LBI) y el activismo social de la discapacidad, así como las concepciones indígenas de la discapacidad, especialmente desde la perspectiva de la cosmovisión Pupykary/Apurinã. La pregunta en cuestión nos llevó al campo de la inclusión: ¿Cuáles son los significados de inclusión para las personas con discapacidad desde la perspectiva de los pueblos indígenas, en particular los Pupykary/Apurinã? Concluimos señalando la urgencia de afirmar las desobediencias epistémicas y decoloniales, que buscan políticas públicas dirigidas a los pueblos indígenas con discapacidad y tomando en cuenta la singularidad de las formas de vida indígenas.


Subject(s)
Mainstreaming, Education , Disabled Persons , Indigenous Peoples , Brazil
10.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 21: 1-7, 2019.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1119042

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se compreender como a experiência com o autismo pode impactar na identificação de traços autísticos em alunos pelos professores da Educação Infantil, sob a perspectiva do diagnóstico precoce e da inclusão escolar. A abordagem metodológica foi de cunho qualitativo. Participaram do estudo dez professores de dez Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados segundo análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Evidenciaram-se dois núcleos temáticos: "Conhecimentos, experiências e percepções sobre o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo" e "O professor frente ao aluno com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo e os investimentos para a detecção e inclusão". Concluiu-se que os professores são capazes de identificar sinais de autismo, contribuindo para o diagnóstico precoce e que experiências positivas cooperaram para a acurácia na detecção e para a inclusão escolar. Ações intersetoriais e interprofissionais necessitam ser ampliadas a fim de oportunizar o acolhimento e o cuidado integral.


The objective was to understand how the experience with autism can impact on early childhood teachers' identification of autistic traits in students from the perspective of early diagnosis and school inclusion. The methodological approach was qualitative. Ten teachers from ten Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education located in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to content analysis, thematic modality. Two thematic nuclei emerged: "Knowledge, experiences and perceptions about Autism Spectrum Disorder" and "The teacher before the student with Autism Spectrum Disorder and investments for detection and inclusion". The conclusion was that teachers could identify signs of autism and contribute to early diagnosis, and positive experiences cooperated for accuracy in detection and school inclusion. Intersectoral and interprofessional actions should be expanded in order to provide the opportunity for user embracement and comprehensive care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Mainstreaming, Education , Child Care , Faculty/education
11.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 22(1): 115-122, jan.-abr. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-955676

ABSTRACT

A educação inclusiva propõe a valorização da diversidade presente na sociedade, inclusive das pessoas com deficiência. Contudo, ainda há predomínio de práticas integradoras nas escolas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as representações que os estudantes sem deficiência elaboram sobre a criança com deficiência física no cotidiano escolar. Tais representações foram analisadas a partir da Teoria dos Modelos Organizadores do Pensamento. Participaram deste estudo 27 crianças, de 6 a 8 anos, de escolas de uma rede municipal de ensino. Elas foram entrevistadas individualmente, com base em uma situação fictícia de conflito. Como resultados, podemos elencar a prevalência do modelo médico sobre as deficiências, que se desdobram em preconceito e estigmatização. As representações foram centralizadas nas limitações do sujeito com deficiência e na atribuição, a ele, de sentimentos negativos. A partir disso, verifica-se a necessidade da promoção da compreensão da inclusão fundamentada em uma perspectiva social.


Inclusive education proposes the valuation of the diversity present in society, including people with disabilities. However, there is still a predominance of integrative practices in schools. The purpose of this research was to identify the representations that students without disabilities elaborate on the child with a physical disability in the daily school life. These representations had analyzed from the Theory of Thinking Models. Twenty-seven children aged 6 to 8 years participated in this study of schools in a municipal school network. They had interviewed individually, based on a fictitious situation of conflict. As results, we can list the prevalence of the medical model on the deficiencies, which unfold in prejudice and stigmatization. The representations had centered on the limitations of the subject with disability and the attribution, to him, of negative feelings. From this, there is a need to promote the understanding of inclusion based on a social perspective.


En la educación inclusiva se propone la valoración de la diversidad presente en la sociedad, incluso de las personas con deficiencia. Sin embargo, aún hay predominio de prácticas integradoras en las escuelas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las representaciones que los estudiantes sin deficiencia elaboran sobre el niño con deficiencia física en el cotidiano escolar. Se analizaron tales representaciones a partir de la Teoría de los Modelos Organizadores del Pensamiento. Participaron de este estudio 27 niños, de 6 a 8 años, de escuelas de una red municipal de enseñanza. Ellas fueron entrevistadas individualmente, con base en una situación ficticia de conflicto. Como resultados, podemos enumerar la prevalencia del modelo médico sobre las deficiencias, que se desdoblan en prejuicio y estigmatización. Las representaciones fueron centralizadas en las limitaciones del sujeto con deficiencia y en la atribución, a él, de sentimientos negativos. A partir de eso, se verifica la necesidad de la promoción de la comprensión de la inclusión fundamentada en una perspectiva social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Prejudice , Mainstreaming, Education
12.
Psicol. rev. (Belo Horizonte) ; 24(1): 191-208, jan.-abr. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020231

ABSTRACT

Este estudo buscou investigar as concepções de professores envolvidos com a inclusão escolar, conhecer o andamento de aulas em que há alunos de inclusão e como o tema aparece nos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPP). A pesquisa ocorreu em uma escola pública e duas particulares. Foram entrevistados 13 educadores, observadas três alunos de inclusão e analisados dois PPP. Constatou-se que os professores percebem uma dicotomia entre a teoria e a prática da inclusão, embora o discurso seja majoritariamente favorável ao tema. Há pouca adaptação das escolas e a aprendizagem é falha. Professores de escolas particulares recebem maior incentivo de formação continuada, e os da escola pública desejam maior apoio. Os PPP não abordam o tema. A inclusão escolar está distante dos objetivos


This study aimed to investigate the conceptions from teachers involved with school inclusion, the knowledge of class practices where there are inclusion students and how the issue is approached in the political-pedagogical projects (PPP). The research took place in a public school and in two private ones. Thirteen teachers were interviewed, three inclusion students were observed and two PPP were analyzed. The results show that teachers perceive a dichotomy between the theory and the practice concerning inclusion, in spite of the fact that the discourse is largely favorable to the matter. There are few adaptations on the school side and the teaching is faulty. Private school teachers receive greater encouragement prone to continued education and those from public school long for more support. The PPPs do not approach the issue. School inclusion is far from their objectives.


Este estudio procuró investigar las concepciones de los profesores que participan en la inclusión escolar, conocer el progreso de las clases en las que hay alumnos de la inclusión y la forma en que el tema aparece en los proyectos político-pedagógicos (PPP). La investigación se llevó a cabo en una escuela pública y dos privadas. Entrevistamos a 13 educadores, observamos tres estudiantes de inclusión y analizamos dos PPP. Se encontró que los docentes perciben una dicotomía entre la teoría y la práctica de la inclusión, aunque el discurso fue ampliamente favorable al tema. Hay poca adaptación de las escuelas y falla el aprendizaje. Los maestros de escuelas privadas reciben mayor estímulo de educación continuada y los de la escuela pública quieren más apoyo. Los PPP no abordan el tema. La inclusión escolar está lejos de los objetivos.


Subject(s)
Mainstreaming, Education , Complementary Therapies , Faculty , Disabled Persons
13.
Ophthalmologe ; 114(7): 625-631, 2017 Jul.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27832328

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are very few studies on visually impaired children in Germany; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the current spectrum of diseases of visually impaired children and the care of these children in schools and kindergartens with aids and integrative support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study all children (n =303) who attended the outpatient department for the visually impaired of the University Eye Hospital Tübingen in 2013 and 2014 were evaluated. The target values were ophthalmological diagnosis, best corrected visual acuity, needs for magnification, prescribed aids, measures for early support and integrative care and inclusion during schooltime. RESULTS: The most frequent diagnosis in this collective which led to visual impairment in children was optic atrophy (22.4%) followed by hereditary retinal dystrophy (18.5%), congenital nystagmus (9.9%), albinism (8.6%), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, 7.9%), aniridia (4.6%), cerebral visual impairment (CVI, 4.3%) and severe myopia (3%). Of the children 21% suffered from multiple disabilities, 66% were visually impaired (visual acuity ≤0.3 and >0.05), 9% were severely visually impaired (visual acuity ≤0.05) and 6% were legally defined as blind (visual acuity ≤0.02). Of the schoolchildren 52% (n = 241) were able to visit a mainstream school within the framework of integrative care. For 77% of these schoolchildren integrative care was already provided by a special pedagogic institution at the time of presentation for school entry and 73% of all the schoolchildren needed magnifying aids at school: 20% used optical magnifying aids (e.g. reading stones) and 53% needed electronic magnifying aids, such as screen magnifiers or camera reading systems. CONCLUSION: Particularly for children, the use of magnifying aids for reading is essential for education in schools and 73% of the children used optical or electronic devices for reading. Of the children 52% attended a mainstream school and were additionally supported by special pedagogic counseling services.


Subject(s)
Audiovisual Aids , Vision Disorders/rehabilitation , Adolescent , Ambulatory Care , Audiovisual Aids/statistics & numerical data , Blindness/diagnosis , Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/etiology , Blindness/rehabilitation , Child , Child, Preschool , Community Integration , Cross-Sectional Studies , Early Intervention, Educational , Female , Germany , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Mainstreaming, Education , Male , Retrospective Studies , Schools , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/epidemiology , Vision Disorders/etiology , Visual Acuity
14.
Hu Li Za Zhi ; 63(3): 12-7, 2016 Jun.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27250954

ABSTRACT

Gender and race issues have caused rapid cultural and societal changes to affect the healthcare of indigenous women, which involves complicated, cultural meanings. The present paper begins by outlining the gender perspective and then elaborates on the present gender mainstreaming and status of indigenous women's healthcare in Taiwan. Furthermore, this paper identifies the current difficulties experienced by Taiwanese indigenous women, including those related to the lack of adequate healthcare data and gender analyses on indigenous women and the lack of regular research on healthcare strategies for indigenous women. Therefore, the present paper proposes to establish health policy references that are gender and race sensitive. The health policy not only addresses racial and gender concerns regarding healthcare information but also focuses on the analysis of indigenous healthcare information. Indigenous women's health concerns are discussed here within the framework of healthcare policy through the perspective of gender mainstreaming. Additionally, we will analyze and evaluate the effects of gender in order to establish inspection and management processes that integrate the concept of gender into policy development and implementation, thus promoting relevant health policies. During the processes of planning, implementing, and evaluating healthcare policies, women should unite to contribute toward indigenous women's health policies and gender mainstreaming.


Subject(s)
Gender Identity , Health Policy , Mainstreaming, Education , Women's Health , Female , Health Services, Indigenous , Humans , Taiwan
15.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 36(1): 234-245, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI | ID: psi-69153

ABSTRACT

Resumo Recusa Escolar é o termo que refere-se à dificuldade do estudante (criança ou adolescente) em permanecer total ou parcialmente no ambiente escolar, gerando angústia e sofrimento. Ludoterapia comportamental foi utilizada no atendimento de Rita, uma menina (oito anos) que recusava ir à escola. O atendimento consistiu em avaliação (entrevistas e observação) e intervenções (alteração do padrão de brincar e orientações aos pais). Rita apresentou mudanças em termos de complexidade do lúdico e aceitação da escola. Teoria da motivação de Dember e Earl foi utilizada para explicar as escolhas lúdicas na direção hipotetizada; foi discutida a carência de detalhamento sobre a tomada de decisão em ludoterapia comportamental. É sugerido um modelo de tomada de decisão clínica que descreva como o psicólogo analisa as interações da criança com seu ambiente. Tal modelo de tomada de decisão deve ser capaz de incluir as características principais do conceito de lúdico presentes na teoria de Dember-Earl.(AU)


Abstract “School refusal” is the term that is used to express students (child or adolescent) struggling with staying wholly or partly within the school environment, generating anguish and suffering. Behavioral Play Therapy was used to treat Rita, a girl (8 years old) who refused to go to school. Treatment consisted of assessment (interviews and observation) and interventions (change in the pattern of play and guidelines to parents). Rita showed changes in the complexity of play and agreed to go to school. The Motivation Theory by Dember and Earl was used to explain ludic choices in the hypothesized direction; the lack of details on the decision making in Behavioral Play Therapy was also discussed. A model of clinical decision-making that describes how the psychologist analyzes the child’s interactions with his environment is suggested. This decision-making model should be able to include the main features of the concept of play presented by Dember and Earl in their theory.(AU)


Resumen “Rechazo a la escuela” es el término que se utiliza para denotar la dificultad del alumno (niño o adolescente) para permanecer total o parcialmente en el ámbito escolar, generando angustia y sufrimiento. La ludoterapia del comportamiento se utilizó para tratar a Rita, una niña (8 años) que se negaba a ir a la escuela. El tratamiento consistió en una evaluación (entrevistas y observación) y algunas intervenciones (cambio en el patrón de juego y directrices para los padres). La niña mostró un cambio en el nivel de complejidad del juego y aceptó ir a la escuela. La Teoría de la Motivación de Dember y Earl se utilizó para explicar las opciones lúdicas empleadas en la dirección hipotética; se señaló la falta de detalle en la toma de decisiones en ludoterapia del comportamiento. Se sugiere un modelo de toma de decisiones clínicas que describa cómo el psicólogo analiza las interacciones del niño con su entorno. Este modelo de toma de decisiones debe ser capaz de incluir las principales características del concepto de juego presente en la teoría Dember-Earl.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Play Therapy , Child, Preschool , Mainstreaming, Education , Decision Making , Motivation
16.
Edumecentro ; 8(supl.1): 5-17, feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775021

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la Medicina Natural y Tradicional constituye un método eficaz e inocuo que enriquece el arsenal terapéutico de la medicina occidental. Objetivo: diseñar acciones metodológicas para la incorporación de los contenidos de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en la asignatura Medicina Interna. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque cualitativo en el Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro", en los meses de abril a junio de 2013, con estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Medicina; se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción y empíricos: el análisis documental, la observación, y la encuesta en forma de entrevista. Resultados: a través de la revisión del Plan de Estudio de la asignatura Medicina Interna de 3er año, la observación a actividades y la entrevista a los docentes, se constató que el nivel de integración de sus contenidos con la Medicina Natural y Tradicional aún no es el deseado, es insuficiente el tratamiento metodológico realizado para la implementación de esta estrategia curricular. Sobre la base de los resultados anteriores se diseñaron acciones metodológicas para integrar sus contenidos en el tratamiento de algunas de las enfermedades que contempla la asignatura Medicina Interna. Conclusiones: las acciones diseñadas permiten la integración de los contenidos y fueron valoradas como efectivas por su metodología, pertinencia, factibilidad y relevancia.


Background: the Herbal and Folk Medicine constitutes an effective and innocuous method that enriches the therapeutic arsenal of the western medicine. Objective: to design methodological actions for the incorporation of the contents of Herbal and Folk Medicine to the subject Internal Medicine. Methods: it was carried out a development investigation within the qualitative approach in the University Hospital "Arnaldo Milián Castro", from April to June 2013, with students of third year of the Medicine career; methods of the theoretical level were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction and empiric ones: the documental analysis, the observation, and the survey in interview form. Results: through the revision of the Study Plan of the Internal Medicine subject in the 3rd year of the career, the observation to activities and the interview to the professors, it was verified that the level of integration of its contents with the Herbal and Folk Medicine is not still the one desired, it is insufficient the methodological treatment carried out for the implementation of this curricular strategy. On the base of the previous results, methodological actions were designed to integrate their contents in the treatment of some of the diseases that contemplates the Internal Medicine discipline. Conclusions: the designed actions allow the integration of the contents and they were valued as effective by their methodology, relevancy, feasibility and relevance.


Subject(s)
Mainstreaming, Education , Curriculum , Education, Medical , Internal Medicine , Medicine, Traditional
17.
Edumecentro ; 8(supl.1): 58-73, feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-775025

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la instrumentación del enfoque interdisciplinario implica una forma de trabajo metodológico diferente de las utilizadas tradicionalmente, encaminada a lograr aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes. Objetivo: diseñar una metodología para la implementación de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional en los contenidos de la asignatura Química, en Tecnología de la Salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo desde septiembre 2012 a julio 2013 en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud "Juan Manuel Páez Inchausti" de Santiago de Cuba. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por la totalidad de estudiantes (215) que recibieron la asignatura Química y 12 profesores con vasta experiencia en la docencia, másteres en Medicina Natural y Tradicional y categoría docente principal. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos que permitieron conformar la metodología propuesta. Resultados: se constató que existen algunas insuficiencias para relacionar los contenidos entre MNT y Química: la mayoría de los alumnos refieren que en las clases solo reciben conocimientos de la mencionada asignatura, existen deficiencias en la preparación metodológica de los docentes para integrar ambas ciencias y desconocimiento acerca de las diferentes modalidades de la MNT; por lo que se elaboró una metodología que permite la integración y consolidación de ambos contenidos en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Conclusiones: la implementación de la metodología fue valorada como adecuada por criterio de especialistas por su pertinencia, asequibilidad y tratamiento científico y metodológico. Cumple con una estructura apropiada según las exigencias del modelo de formación del tecnólogo y dinamiza el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Química.


Background: the instrumentation of the interdisciplinary approach implies a form of methodological work that requires to differ from those traditionally used, guided to achieve a meaningful learning in the students. Objective: to design a methodology for the implementation of the Herbal and Folk Medicine (HFM) in the contents of the Chemistry subject, in Health Technology. Methods: it was carried out a development investigation from September 2012 to July 2013 in "Juan Manuel Páez Inchausti" Health Technology faculty of Santiago de Cuba. The study universe comprised all the students who received the Chemistry subject (215) and 12 professors with vast teaching experience, masters in Herbal and Folk Medicine and high teaching ranks. Theoretical, empiric and statistical methods were used which allowed to conform the proposed methodology. Results: it was verified that there are some deficiencies to relate the contents between Herbal and Folk Medicine and Chemistry: most of the students refer that in the classes they only receive knowledge of the mentioned subject, deficiencies exist in the methodological preparation of the professors to integrate both sciences and lack of knowledge about the different modalities of (HFM); That is why a methodology was elaborated that allows the integration and consolidation of both contents in the teaching-learning process. Conclusions: the implementation of the methodology was valued as pertinent by the specialists' criteria for its relevancy, accessibility and scientific and methodological treatment. It fulfills an appropriate structure according to the demands of the model of the technologist's formation and it revitalizes the Chemistry subject teaching-learning process.


Subject(s)
Mainstreaming, Education , Education, Medical , Methodology as a Subject , Medicine, Traditional
18.
Eur J Sport Sci ; 13(6): 689-96, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24251747

ABSTRACT

This article adds to the growing body of knowledge in sport pedagogy and focuses specifically upon the intersection of gender and disability. Its purpose is twofold, to create a typology for examining good practice in sport pedagogy that is reflective and inclusive and raises awareness of the diverse needs of all participants in physical activity 'regardless' of gender and ability for all children. We acknowledge that access to physical activity, education and sport are complex and multifaceted, however, the main purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of 'diversity' by focusing specifically upon the role of gender and ability. Through an examination of gender and disability policies in official European Union (EU) policy documents and commercial examples of policy-in-practice we propose a typology for diversity and diversity management. A close look at EU level is instructive because national policies of the member countries vary a lot with respect to diversity issues but should be in accordance in the main areas. Such a reading enables the building of a typology of recommendations for how such policy can be rendered in sport pedagogy practice. We suggest six significant, but related principles that include (1) mainstreaming; (2) teaching and coaching sensitive to difference; (3) empowerment; (4) inclusion; (5) adaptation; and (6) inner differentiation. This holistic typology seeks to 'mainstream' issues of gender and disability policy by providing a set of principles that can be applied to a range of teaching and coaching settings.


Subject(s)
Physical Education and Training/organization & administration , Sports for Persons with Disabilities/education , Sports/education , European Union , Female , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Mainstreaming, Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Male , Physical Education and Training/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , Sex Factors , Sports for Persons with Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Teaching/methods , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
20.
Am Ann Deaf ; 155(4): 488-518, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21305983

ABSTRACT

In a special section of the american Annals of the Deaf, Deaf education and the Deaf community in South Africa are discussed. The special section is organized into 7 segments: a historical overview to establish context, the educational context, educators and learners, postgraduate education and employment, perspectives of Deaf children and their parents, sport and the arts, and spiritual lives and mental health. Throughout the entire section, however, the central focus is on the overall foundation (or lack thereof) of education for Deaf learners in South Africa.


Subject(s)
Education of Hearing Disabled , Education, Special , Mainstreaming, Education , Adolescent , Adult , Art , Child , Child, Preschool , Cultural Characteristics , Education, Professional , Education, Special/history , Employment , Faculty , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Jehovah's Witnesses/psychology , Mainstreaming, Education/history , Male , Mental Health , Parents/psychology , Persons With Hearing Impairments/history , Persons With Hearing Impairments/psychology , Professional Role , Sign Language , South Africa , Spirituality , Sports , Teaching/methods , Vocational Education , Young Adult
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