Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/history , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Cities/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Disclosure , History, 20th Century , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/transmission , National Health Programs/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Pandemics , Personal Protective Equipment/history , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Quarantine/history , Recurrence , SARS-CoV-2 , United States/epidemiology , Xenophobia/historyABSTRACT
The objective of this text is to analyze how homeopathy was conveyed to the lay public in Brazil during the 1970s, an important period in the process of legitimizing this practice as a medical specialty, which occurred in 1980. The sources analyzed (composed of articles that circulated in the Jornal do Brasil and books intended for the lay public) allow the reader to distinguish different interlocutors with various expectations of homeopathy, revealing a heterogeneous universe of understandings and uses for this medical system. At the same time, the sources establish a universe of representations present in the construction of homeopathy as alternative medicine, which is noticeable in its relationship with the counterculture movements and New Era in forming a "consuming public" for homeopathy.
O artigo analisa como a homeopatia foi veiculada ao público leigo no Brasil da década de 1970, período importante no processo de legitimação desse conhecimento como especialidade médica, o que ocorre em 1980. As fontes analisadas compostas de artigos que circulavam no Jornal do Brasil e de livros destinados ao público leigo permitem distinguir diferentes interlocutores que possuíam expectativas diversas diante da homeopatia, revelando um universo heterogêneo de compreensões e utilizações dessa medicina. Ao mesmo tempo, as fontes estabelecem um universo de representações envolvidas na construção da homeopatia como medicina alternativa, em que é perceptível sua relação com os movimentos de contracultura e Nova Era na formação de um "público consumidor de homeopatia".
Subject(s)
Homeopathy/history , Journalism, Medical/history , Brazil , Complementary Therapies/history , Culture , History, 20th Century , Humans , Newspapers as Topic/history , Publications/historyABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo analisa como a homeopatia foi veiculada ao público leigo no Brasil da década de 1970, período importante no processo de legitimação desse conhecimento como especialidade médica, o que ocorre em 1980. As fontes analisadas - compostas de artigos que circulavam no Jornal do Brasil e de livros destinados ao público leigo - permitem distinguir diferentes interlocutores que possuíam expectativas diversas diante da homeopatia, revelando um universo heterogêneo de compreensões e utilizações dessa medicina. Ao mesmo tempo, as fontes estabelecem um universo de representações envolvidas na construção da homeopatia como medicina alternativa, em que é perceptível sua relação com os movimentos de contracultura e Nova Era na formação de um "público consumidor de homeopatia".
Abstract The objective of this text is to analyze how homeopathy was conveyed to the lay public in Brazil during the 1970s, an important period in the process of legitimizing this practice as a medical specialty, which occurred in 1980. The sources analyzed (composed of articles that circulated in the Jornal do Brasil and books intended for the lay public) allow the reader to distinguish different interlocutors with various expectations of homeopathy, revealing a heterogeneous universe of understandings and uses for this medical system. At the same time, the sources establish a universe of representations present in the construction of homeopathy as alternative medicine, which is noticeable in its relationship with the counterculture movements and New Era in forming a "consuming public" for homeopathy.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Journalism, Medical/history , Homeopathy/history , Publications/history , Complementary Therapies/history , Brazil , Culture , Newspapers as Topic/historyABSTRACT
Press coverage of psychology by the New York Times was examined for the Progressive Era. Following a period in which psychology was associated with spiritualism, psychoanalysis, and the Emmanuel movement, the Times gave editorial preference to reports about psychology's applications. Reaching an audience that was both affluent and influential, the topics emphasized by the Times included the lie detector, psychological applications in the work place, mental tests, and child psychology. These areas reflected issues of social concern to Progressives, publicized the rise of the psychologist as expert, and aided psychology in its challenge to common sense.
Subject(s)
Mental Healing/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychology/history , Religion and Psychology , Spiritualism/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
The article discusses the role played by the lay press in disseminating the hygienist agenda in the city of Salvador, Bahia, in the early twentieth century, when journalists were writing about medicalized birth and the new standards of attention to the female body and to newborns. The Climério de Oliveira Maternity Hospital enjoyed the unrestricted support of the press, which went out of its way to portray the facility as ideal for hospital births.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Hospitals, Maternity/history , Hygiene/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Brazil , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Midwifery/history , Obstetrics/history , PregnancyABSTRACT
This paper presents the traditions of assisted childbirth in the Brazilian state of Bahia in the 19th Century and develops the hypothesis that two obstetrical traditions coexisted in the capital, Salvador, namely the doctor-midwives--who used technical resources and knowledge acquired from obstetrics as a medical specialty--and the traditional midwives, whose know-how was purely of an empirical-sensorial nature. Despite all efforts employed by the doctors to win over the confidence of Bahian families, the midwives continued to be predominant in the art of 'delivering' children and treating female illnesses. The analysis focuses on the social and professional segments that were active in assisted birth; the role of the Bahian College of Medicine (Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia) in the training and certification of midwives and the use of newspapers as a way to legitimize the doctor-midwives; it also discusses the scant coverage of the midwives in these media.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Midwifery/history , Obstetrics/history , Advertising/history , Brazil , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Female , History, 19th Century , Humans , Newspapers as Topic/history , PregnancyABSTRACT
The article examines the state of health of a population of runaway slaves, based on announcements published in Rio de Janeiro's Jornal do Commercio in 1850. Two strategies were used. The first entailed analysis of the slaves' physical characteristics, as described by their masters. Taking into account the slave's health, the second step was to describe his or her physical problems as viewed by the era's medical or folk knowledge. This evidence can be traced to procedures found in the slave system, which sought to maximize use of captives.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Newspapers as Topic/history , Social Problems/history , Brazil , History, 19th Century , Humans , Runaway Behavior/historyABSTRACT
Disease is always represented a moment of crisis for individuals and societies. When death brought by disease hangs heavy over societies, they are lead to develop strategies to prevent and cure it. Epidemics, especially cholera epidemics, have had a strong impact on Argentine society, especially on Cordoba residents, because the first cholera outbreak was highly devastating in both demographic and social terms. In this article we analyze the supply of products that were advertised in the press during the first epidemic, which broke out in 1867-68. Our basic hypothesis is that the products available developed a widespread trade that was not the object of commercial transactions common to those social grouping during periods in which there were no epidemics. When they took place, those products were directed towards more affluent groups.
Subject(s)
Cholera/history , Disease Outbreaks/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Advertising/history , Argentina/epidemiology , Cholera/epidemiology , Cholera/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , History, 19th Century , HumansSubject(s)
Advertising , Community Participation , Newspapers as Topic , Social Change , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Advertising/economics , Advertising/history , Community Participation/economics , Community Participation/history , Community Participation/psychology , Culture , Economics/history , Germany/ethnology , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Imagery, Psychotherapy/economics , Imagery, Psychotherapy/history , Newspapers as Topic/economics , Newspapers as Topic/history , Quality of Life/psychology , Reading , Social Change/history , Social Values/ethnology , Socioeconomic Factors , SymbolismABSTRACT
Based on articles from major newspapers in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, the text examines the written press's discourse on acupuncture and the process of its legitimization, institutionalization, and legalization in Brazil. The topic is analyzed from a sociological perspective, focusing on three different periods: the 1970s, the 1980s, and the first half of the 1990s.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Brazil , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
The paper focuses on Pasteur's public experimentation of the anthrax vaccine (Pouilly-le-Fort, 1881) as portrayed in the English and French popular press of the time. It is argued that this 'popular' level of representation did not merely provide additional publicity for Pasteur's ideas. Rather, the nature and meaning of the experiment itself and of the related controversy on immunisation were substantially negotiated and shaped within the public arena. The multifold consequences of this framing at the public level are explored. In particular, attention is drawn to the relationships that in such process were established with other issues debated at the same time in the arena, namely homeopathy, vivisection and vaccination.