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1.
Obes Res Clin Pract ; 18(2): 88-93, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38565463

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among military personnel has increased substantially in the past two decades. Following military discharge many personnel can receive integrated health care from the Veterans Health Administration. Prior research related to the economic impacts of obesity has not examined health care costs following the transition into civilian life following military discharge. To address this evidence gap, this study sought to compare longitudinal costs over 10 years across weight categories among VA enrollees recently discharged from the military.


Subject(s)
Health Care Costs , Military Personnel , Obesity , Humans , Female , Male , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , United States , Adult , Middle Aged , Obesity/economics , Obesity/epidemiology , United States Department of Veterans Affairs , Longitudinal Studies , Veterans/statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge , Overweight/economics , Overweight/epidemiology
2.
Am J Prev Med ; 67(3): 417-422, 2024 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38648907

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity affects four in ten US adults. One of the most prevalent health-related social risk factors in the US is housing instability, which is also associated with cardiovascular health outcomes, including obesity. The objective of this research brief is to examine the association between housing instability with obesity status among a representative sample of insured adults across seven integrated health systems. METHODS: Kaiser Permanente National Social Needs Survey used a multistage stratified sampling framework to administer a cross-sectional survey across seven integrated health systems (administered Jan.-Sept. 2020). Survey data were linked with electronic health records (EHR). Housing instability was categorized into levels of risk: (1) "No Risk"; (2) "Moderate Risk"; and (3) "Severe Risk." Based on established BMI thresholds, obesity, and severe obesity served as the primary outcome variables. In 2023, weighted multivariable logistic regression accounted for the complex sampling design and response probability and controlled for covariates. RESULTS: The analytic cohort comprised 6,397 adults. Unadjusted weighted prevalence of obesity and severe obesity was 31.1% and 5.3%, respectively; and 15.5% reported housing instability. Adjusted regression models showed that the odds of severe obesity was nearly double among adults exposed to severe housing instability (Adjusted OR=1.93; 95% CI 1.14-3.26). Other BMI categories were not associated with housing instability. CONCLUSIONS: Among a representative cohort of insured adults, this study suggested increasing levels of housing instability are associated with increasing levels of obesity. Future research should further explore the temporal, longitudinal, and independent association of housing instability with obesity.


Subject(s)
Housing , Obesity , Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Obesity/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Middle Aged , United States/epidemiology , Housing/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young Adult , Body Mass Index , Aged
3.
Reprod Sci ; 31(8): 2209-2218, 2024 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38366089

ABSTRACT

Observational investigations recommend that mineral supplements were associated with a higher risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its risk factors (insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and obesity), but the relationship with risk of PCOS, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance was unclear. This study was to investigate the potential causal impact of genetically predicted levels of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and omega-3 (ω-3) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its associated risk factors. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. The genetic variations obtained from GWAS of individuals with European ancestry were found to be associated with the genetically predicted levels of Ca, Mg, Zn, Se, Fe, or ω-3. The data obtained from the FinnGen Consortium and MAGIC were utilized for the outcome of GWAS. The study found that there was a correlation between genetically predicted higher levels of Se and a reduced risk of insulin resistance, with a decrease of 2.2% according to random-effect IVW (OR 0.978, 95% CI 0.960-0.996, p = 0.015). The association between genetically determined mineral levels and PCOS was found to be limited, with an odds ratio (OR) ranging from 0.875 (95% CI: 0.637-1.202, p value = 0.411) for Ca. Limited scientific proof was found for the efficacy of other genetically determined mineral levels on hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance. These findings suggested a causal relationship between genetically predicted higher levels of Se and a reduced risk of insulin resistance. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence supporting a causal association between various genetically determined mineral levels and the risk factors associated with PCOS.


Subject(s)
Genome-Wide Association Study , Insulin Resistance , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Minerals , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/epidemiology , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/blood , Humans , Female , Minerals/metabolism , Insulin Resistance/genetics , Risk Factors , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Obesity/genetics , Obesity/epidemiology
4.
Nutrients ; 16(4)2024 Feb 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38398881

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the impact of a fiber supplement on body weight and composition in individuals with obesity with specific genetic polymorphisms. It involved 112 adults with obesity, each with at least one minor allele in the FTO, LEP, LEPR, or MC4R polymorphism. Participants were randomized to receive either a fiber supplement (glucomannan, inulin, and psyllium) or a placebo for 180 days. The experimental group showed significant reductions in body weight (treatment difference: -4.9%; 95% CI: -6.9% to -2.9%; p < 0.01) and BMI (treatment difference: -1.4 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.7 to -1.2; p < 0.01) compared to placebo. Further significant decreases in fat mass (treatment difference: -13.0%; 95% CI: -14.4 to -11.7; p < 0.01) and visceral fat rating (treatment difference: -1.3; 95% CI: -1.6 to -1.0; p < 0.01) were noted. Homozygous minor allele carriers experienced greater decreases in body weight (treatment difference: -3.2%; 95% CI: -4.9% to -1.6%; p < 0.01) and BMI (treatment difference: -1.2 kg/m2; 95% CI: -2.0 to -0.4; p < 0.01) compared to heterozygous allele carriers. These carriers also had a more significant reduction in fat mass (treatment difference: -9.8%; 95% CI: -10.6 to -9.1; p < 0.01) and visceral fat rating (treatment difference: -0.9; 95% CI: -1.3 to -0.5; p < 0.01). A high incidence of gastrointestinal events was reported in the experimental group (74.6%), unlike the placebo group, which reported no side effects. Dietary supplementation with glucomannan, inulin, and psyllium effectively promotes weight loss and improves body composition in individuals with obesity, particularly those with specific genetic polymorphisms.


Subject(s)
Inulin , Mannans , Psyllium , Adult , Humans , Psyllium/therapeutic use , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/genetics , Obesity/epidemiology , Body Weight/genetics , Weight Loss/genetics , Dietary Supplements , Body Mass Index , Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics
5.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1322563, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38375190

ABSTRACT

Background/purpose: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is generally thought to be closely related to obesity and diabetes. However, it also affects non-obese individuals, particularly in Asian cultures. Methods: Healthy physical examination subjects and MAFLD patients were included in the endocrinology department of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MAFLD was defined as fatty liver in imaging without virus infection, drug, alcohol, or other known causes of chronic liver disease. Non-obese MAFLD was defined as MAFLD in non-obese subjects (BMI<25 kg/m2). Results: The final analysis comprised 1047 participants in total. Of 946 MAFLD patients, 162 (17.12%) were diagnosed with non-obese MAFLD. Non-obese MAFLD patients were older, had lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, and waist circumference, but had higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) than obese MAFLD patients. Compared with non-obese healthy controls, non-obese MAFLD patients had higher BMI, ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). In terms of body composition, body fat mass (BFM), waist-hip ratio (WHR), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), and fat mass index (FMI) were lower in non-obese healthy controls than non-obese MAFLD patients. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that non-obese MAFLD was linked with lower GGT and higher HDL-c. Conclusion: In this study cohort, non-obese MAFLD was present at a prevalence of 13.90%. In contrast to non-obese healthy controls, non-obese MAFLD patients exhibited different metabolic profiles, but they also had different body compositions.


Subject(s)
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , Humans , Risk Factors , Body Mass Index , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Body Composition , Triglycerides , Cholesterol, HDL , Metabolome
6.
J Asthma ; 61(7): 685-697, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38165120

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D supplementation has shown promise in averting asthma. However, the association between 25(OH)D levels and asthma prevention in various demographic groups remains inconclusive. Here, we explore this relationship in the context of overweight and obese individuals in the United States. METHODS: We scrutinized cross-sectional data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018. This dataset encompasses comprehensive information about asthma patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, in addition to data regarding 25(OH)D concentration and other pertinent variables. Among the 3889 participants, 16.2% (631/3889) reported a history of asthma, constituting 1765 (45.4%) males and 2124 (54.6%) females. The median age was 56.0 years, with a standard deviation of 16.0 years. We conducted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis to assess the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and asthma. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, compared to individuals with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (group1 ≤ 46.6 nmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for asthma in group2 (46.7-62 nmol/L), group3 (62.1-78.2 nmol/L), and group4 (≥78.3 nmol/L) were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49-0.94, p < 0.021), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47-0.88, p < 0.006), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.61-1.12, p < 0.22), respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis revealed a nonlinear U-shaped curve (p = 0.017) with an inflection point at approximately 84.95 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of 25(OH)D are correlated with a diminished prevalence of asthma among overweight and obese individuals in the United States.


Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence of asthma in the overweight and obese individuals.A u-shaped association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and asthma, with an inflection point of 84.95 nmol/L.Presenting supportive evidence for vitamin D supplementation in the overweight and obese individuals.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Nutrition Surveys , Obesity , Overweight , Vitamin D , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/blood , Female , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Male , Middle Aged , United States/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Adult , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/blood , Overweight/epidemiology , Overweight/blood , Aged , Body Mass Index
7.
Eur J Prev Cardiol ; 31(8): 1026-1035, 2024 Jun 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38243826

ABSTRACT

Obesity has risen to epidemic levels worldwide over the past few decades and has become a huge global health burden owing to its direct contribution to the development of some of the most prevalent chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a disease of positive energy balance resulting from complex interactions between abnormal neurohumoral responses and an individual's socioeconomic, environmental, behavioural, and genetic factors leading to a state of chronic inflammation. Understanding the complex nature of the disease is crucial in determining the best approach to combat its rising numbers. Despite recent advancements in pharmacological therapy for the treatment of obesity, reversing weight gain and maintaining weight loss is challenging due to the relapsing nature of the disease. Prevention, therefore, remains the key which needs to start in utero and continued throughout life. This review summarizes the role obesity plays in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases both by directly affecting endothelial and myocyte function and indirectly by enhancing major cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. We highlight the importance of a holistic approach needed to prevent and treat this debilitating disease. Particularly, we analyse the effects of plant-based diet, regular exercise, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis on obesity and overall cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, we discuss the significance of individualizing obesity management with a multimodal approach including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery to tackle this chronic disease.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Obesity , Humans , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/therapy , Obesity/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Risk Reduction Behavior , Risk Factors , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Risk Assessment
8.
Matern Child Nutr ; 20(2): e13607, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38095279

ABSTRACT

Information on malnutrition for school-age children and adolescents (5-19 years) in South Asia is fragmented and inconsistent, which limits the prioritization of nutrition policies, programmes and research for this age group. This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the burden of malnutrition for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years in South Asia, and on interventions to improve their nutritional status. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar were systematically searched for articles published between January 2016 and November 2022. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of undernutrition, overweight/obesity, micronutrient deficiencies and unhealthy dietary intakes, and interventions that aimed to address these in South Asia. In total, 296 articles met our inclusion criteria. Evidence revealed widespread, yet heterogeneous, prevalence of undernutrition among South Asian children and adolescents: thinness (1.9%-88.8%), wasting (3%-48%), underweight (9.5%-84.4%) and stunting (3.7%-71.7%). A triple burden of malnutrition was evident: the prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 0.2% to 73% and 0% to 38% (with rapidly rising trends), respectively, alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies. Diets often failed to meet nutritional requirements and high levels of fast-food consumption were reported. Education, fortification, supplementation and school feeding programmes demonstrated beneficial effects on nutritional status. Comprehensive and regular monitoring of all forms of malnutrition among children and adolescents, across all countries in South Asia is required. Further, more large-scale intervention research is needed to ensure policy and programmes effectively target and address malnutrition among children and adolescents in South Asia.


Subject(s)
Malnutrition , Nutritional Status , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Overweight/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Asia, Southern , Thinness/epidemiology , Micronutrients , Prevalence
9.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 203(3): 565-574, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37923962

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Most cytotoxic drugs are dosed using body surface area (BSA), yet not all cancer patients receive the full BSA-determined dose. Prior work suggests that breast cancer patients who are obese are more likely to experience dose reduction than normal weight patients. However, the factors driving dose reduction remain unclear. METHODS: In 452 women diagnosed with stage I-IIIA primary breast cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we evaluated the association between obesity and dose reduction, and further explored other factors in relation to dose reduction, including various sociodemographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, and comorbidities. Study participants were a part of the Pathways Study, diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 and treated with cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin, followed by paclitaxel (ACT). Dose reduction was assessed using first cycle dose proportion (FCDP) and average relative dose intensity (ARDI), a metric of dose intensity over the course of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall, 8% of participants received a FCDP < 90% and 21.2% had an ARDI < 90%, with dose reduction increasing with body mass index. In adjusted logistic regression models, obese women had 4.1-fold higher odds of receiving an ARDI < 90% than normal weight women (95% CI: 1.9-8.9; p-trend = 0.0006). Increasing age was positively associated with an ADRI < 90%, as was the presence of comorbidity. Dose reduction was less common in later calendar years. CONCLUSION: Results offer insight on factors associated with chemotherapy dosing for a common breast cancer regimen. Larger studies are required to evaluate relevance to other regimens, and further work will be needed to determine whether dose reductions impact outcomes in obese women.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Fumarates , beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Drug Tapering , Retrospective Studies , Cyclophosphamide , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
10.
Curr Atheroscler Rep ; 26(1): 11-23, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38159162

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we discuss contemporary and emerging approaches for risk stratification and management of excess adiposity for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Obesity is simultaneously a pandemic-scale disease and major risk factor for the incidence and progression of a wide range of cardiometabolic conditions, but risk stratification and treatment remain clinically challenging. However, sex-, race-, and ethnicity-sensitive anthropometric measures, body composition-focused imaging, and health burden-centric staging systems have emerged as important facilitators of holistic risk prediction. Further, expanding therapeutic approaches, including comprehensive lifestyle programs, anti-obesity pharmacotherapies, device/endoscopy-based interventions, metabolic surgery, and novel healthcare delivery resources offer new empowerment for cardiovascular risk reduction in individuals with obesity. Personalized risk stratification and weight management are central to reducing the lifetime prevalence and impact of cardiovascular disease. Further evidence informing long-term safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of novel approaches targeting obesity are critically needed.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Secondary Prevention , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/therapy , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment/methods
11.
Obes Surg ; 34(3): 882-891, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38103152

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Many individuals search for obesity treatment options on the Internet. We aimed to analyze the popularity of pharmacological and surgical obesity treatment methods searched by Google users. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used Google Trends to identify topics representing the following: recommended surgical methods (n = 9), recommended pharmacological methods (n = 10), and not recommended pharmacological methods (n = 34). The data was generated for 2004-2022 and 2020-2022. Relative search volume (RSV) was adjusted using "Gastric bypass surgery" as a benchmark. We analyzed the geographical and temporal trends of the topics. RESULTS: In 2004-2022, the topics representing recommended surgical methods numerically gained the most popularity among Google users, but in 2020-2022 the recommended drugs exceeded other obesity treatment methods. The most popular individual topics since 2004 were "flaxseed," "Spirulina," "Carnitine," "Bariatric surgery," and "Orlistat." The most dynamic increases of searches since 2004 were observed for "Sleeve gastrectomy," "Curcumin," "Psyllium," and "Bupropion/Naltrexon." Since 2018, topics representing GLP-1 analogs such as "Semaglutide" and "Saxenda" revealed exponential increases in RSV, causing that "Semaglutide" to become the fourth most popular topic in 2020-2022. CONCLUSIONS: Google users across the world were the most interested in topics representing bariatric surgery, but recently recommended drugs for the treatment of obesity gained the most attention. The most popular individual topics were dietary supplements with uncertain effects on weight loss.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Obesity, Morbid , Humans , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Search Engine , Retrospective Studies , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/surgery , Bariatric Surgery/methods
12.
Eur Spine J ; 33(2): 525-532, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123704

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous observational studies, the causal relationship between obesity-measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)-as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D), lifestyle habits, and susceptibility to low back pain (LBP) remains obscure. METHODS: This investigation employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore causality, using genetic variants linked to relevant factors from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Specifically, we selected independent genetic variants related to BMI, WC, T2D, smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake from established GWASs, all of which demonstrated genome-wide significance. The comparative data for LBP were derived from a GWAS involving European subjects, under the auspices of the renowned MRC-IEU (Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit) consortium. RESULTS: Elevated BMI and WC were associated with odds ratios of 1.002 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001-1.004, p < 0.001) and 1.003 (95% CI = 1.002-1.004, p < 0.001) for LBP per standard deviation (SD) increase, respectively. Regarding smoking initiation and coffee consumption, the odds ratios stood at 1.002 (95% CI = 1.001-1.004, p = 0.001) and 1.004 (95% CI = 1.001-1.008, p = 0.034) for LBP, respectively. However, an augmented log odds ratio for T2D and each SD rise in alcohol consumption frequency revealed no significant causal impact on LBP risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a potential causal link between obesity, smoking, and coffee intake in the genesis of LBP, suggesting that mitigating these factors could contribute to LBP prevention.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Low Back Pain , Humans , Coffee/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Genome-Wide Association Study , Life Style , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Low Back Pain/etiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Mendelian Randomization Analysis
13.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 102(48): e36071, 2023 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38050318

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease. The incidence of overweight and obesity has doubled worldwide since 1980, and nearly one-third of the world population is now classified as overweight or obese. Obesity rates are increasing in all age groups and for both sexes, regardless of geographic region, race, or socioeconomic status, although they are generally higher in older adults and women. Although the absolute prevalence of overweight and obesity varies widely, this trend is similar across different regions and countries. In some developed countries, the prevalence of obesity has levelled off over the past few years. However, obesity has become a health problem that cannot be ignored in low- and middle-income countries. Although the drug treatment model of modern medicine has a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of obesity, its adverse effects are also obvious. Acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine treatment of obesity has prominent advantages in terms of clinical efficacy, and its clinical safety is higher, with fewer adverse reactions. The combination of acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of obesity is worth exploring.


Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Overweight , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/therapy , Obesity/epidemiology , Social Class , Treatment Outcome , Prevalence
14.
Public Health Nutr ; 27(1): e19, 2023 Dec 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38148174

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and the risk of hypertension among women in Ghana. DESIGN: Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey were used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata version 14. The study reports the adjusted OR (AOR) and CI. SETTING: Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: A total sample of 4168 women was used in the analysis. RESULTS: Among women who met the WHO's recommended intake of FVC, 13·1 % had hypertension. The intake of the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables was not significantly associated with hypertension. However, the likelihood of being hypertensive was significantly associated with increasing age (AOR = 6·1; 95 % CI = 4·29, 8·73), being married (AOR = 1·7; 95 % CI = 1·14, 2·57) or formerly married (AOR = 2·3; 95 % CI = 1·44, 3·70), and being overweight (AOR = 1·6; 95 % CI = 1·24, 2·07) or obese (AOR = 2·4; 95 % CI = 1·82, 3·20). CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there is no significant association between FVC and hypertension risk among women in Ghana. While this study did not find a significant association between FVC and hypertension risk among women in Ghana, it underscores the point that other multifaceted factors influence hypertension risk. As such, public health campaigns should emphasise a balanced and holistic approach to promoting cardiovascular health, including factors beyond FVC. The findings also highlight the need to target high-risk populations (i.e. older women, married and formerly married women, and overweight or obese women) with hypertension prevention education and related interventions.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Vegetables , Humans , Female , Aged , Fruit , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology , Ghana/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/prevention & control
15.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 102(50): e36517, 2023 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38115288

ABSTRACT

Sarcopenia increases disability, hospital stays, readmissions, and mortality in older adults. Antioxidative nutrients and fatty acids consumption may help maintain muscle mass by reducing oxidative stress. This study aims to assess the association between antioxidant and fatty acid intake and low muscle mass in community-dwelling older people. This retrospective analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Participants ≥ 60 years with information on muscle mass measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were included. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was assessed. Associations between antioxidants and fatty acids intake, and low muscle mass were evaluated using logistic regressions. 3648 (1748 men and 1900 women) were included. The prevalence of low muscle mass was 41% and 26% among men and women ≥ 75 years, and 45.2% and 28.4% among obese men and women. In obese males, a natural-log-unit increase of vitamin A (aOR = 0.806, 95% CI: 0.652-0.996), vitamin C (aOR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.779-0.990), selenium intake (aOR = 0.716, 95% CI: 0.517-0.993), and higher saturated fatty acids (aOR = 0.956, 95% CI: 0.915-0.998) and monounsaturated fatty acids (aOR = 0.959, 95% CI: 0.925-0.994) intake were associated with decreased odds for low muscle mass. Among obese females, a natural-log-unit increase of vitamin E (P = .036), vitamin B12 (P = .014), total folate (P = .015), zinc (P = .005), and selenium intake (P = .018) were associated with increased odds of low muscle mass, whereas higher saturated fatty acids (P < .001), monounsaturated fatty acids (P = .001), and polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (P = .006) were associated with decreased odds for low muscle mass. Antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, B6, B12, total folate, zinc, magnesium, selenium) intake does not consistently relate to low muscle mass across age and sex. Higher intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are independently associated with reduced likelihood of low muscle mass in both obese older men and women.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Selenium , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Fatty Acids , Vitamin A , Independent Living , Retrospective Studies , Energy Intake , Obesity/epidemiology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Zinc , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated , Folic Acid , Muscles
16.
Nutrients ; 15(22)2023 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38004185

ABSTRACT

(1) Background: the worldwide impact of overweight and obesity is rising, increasingly resembling an epidemic (a price we have to pay for our new way of living). (2) Methods: our study aims to evaluate the temporal trends and patterns of singleton pregnant women's BMI (body mass index) in our region during a 12-year time frame between 2010 and 2021. (3) Results: We noticed a statistically significant difference between the BMIs of nulliparous and multiparous women and a significantly increased pregestational BMI in women with previous ART (assisted reproductive technology) procedures. Smoking pregnant women had a higher second trimester weight gain, regardless of parity. Women with folic acid supplementation alone had a higher BMI than those with folic acid and multivitamin intake. The weight of both nulliparous and multiparous women with chronic hypertension was statistically significantly higher in all three timeframes. Global weight gain did not reveal any statistically significant changes concerning women with pregestational diabetes, regardless of parity and the pregnancy trimester. (4) Conclusions: our article describes the trends in obesity and overweight in our middle-income country, in which this pathology is continuously growing, negatively influencing our reproductive-aged women and future generations.


Subject(s)
Overweight , Weight Gain , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Adult , Body Mass Index , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Parity , Folic Acid
17.
Hernia ; 27(6): 1507-1514, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37947923

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors for undergoing inguinal hernia repair within a large and ethnically diverse cohort. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study from 2007 to 2020 on 302,532 US individuals from a large, integrated healthcare delivery system with electronic health records, who participated in a survey of determinants of health. Participants without diagnosis or procedure record of an inguinal hernia at enrollment were included. We then assessed whether demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical, and behavioral factors (obesity status, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and physical activity) were predictors of undergoing inguinal hernia repair using survival analyses. Risk factors showing statistical significance (P < 0.05) in the univariate models were added to a multivariate model. RESULTS: We identified 7314 patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair over the study period, with a higher incidence in men (6.31%) compared to women (0.53%). In a multivariate model, a higher incidence of inguinal hernia repair was associated with non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, older age, male sex (aHR = 13.55 [95% confidence interval 12.70-14.50]), and more vigorous physical activity (aHR = 1.24 [0.045]), and alcohol drinker status (aHR = 1.05 [1.00-1.11]); while African-American (aHR = 0.69 [0.59-0.79]), Hispanic/Latino (aHR = 0.84 [0.75-0.91]), and Asian (aHR = 0.35 [0.31-0.39]) race/ethnicity, obesity (aHR = 0.33 [0.31-0.36]) and overweight (aHR = 0.71 [0.67-0.75]) were associated with a lower incidence. The use of cigarette was significantly associated with a higher incidence of inguinal hernia repair in women (aHR 1.23 [1.09-1.40]), but not in men (aHR 0.96 [0.91-1.02]). CONCLUSION: Inguinal hernia repair is positively associated with non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, older age, male sex, increased physical activity, alcohol consumption and tobacco use (only in women); while negatively associated with obesity and overweight status. Findings from this large and ethnically diverse study may support future prediction tools to identify patients at high risk of this surgery.


Subject(s)
Hernia, Inguinal , Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Hernia, Inguinal/epidemiology , Hernia, Inguinal/etiology , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Case-Control Studies , Overweight/surgery , Herniorrhaphy/methods , Risk Factors , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology
18.
Am J Manag Care ; 29(11): 558-564, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37948642

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the prevalence of obesity and associated health care use within an integrated health care system in California. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using electronic health records. METHODS: Primary care patients 18 years and older receiving care at Sutter Health between 2015 and 2020 were included in the study. Obesity was classified and health care utilization was ascertained at index and during the follow-up periods. Differences in prevalence by demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with and without obesity were assessed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between obesity class and health care utilization (outpatient encounters). RESULTS: Of the 1,094,790 primary care patients included in the analysis, 35% were classified as having obesity, defined as a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more or 25 kg/m2 or more for Asian individuals. Obesity prevalence was greater in Hispanic patients (46%) than in non-Hispanic White patients (30%). Patients without obesity had fewer outpatient visits (mean [SD], 3.7 [3.8]) than those with class 1 (4.1 [4.0]), class 2 (4.6 [4.4]), and class 3 (5.2 [4.8]) obesity. In the fully adjusted regression model, the odds of being a high utilizer among patients with obesity were 1.1 (class 1), 1.2 (class 2), and 1.3 (class 3) times that of patients without obesity (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Obesity prevalence is high among patients in the Sutter Health system, varying by race/ethnicity, and was associated with increased outpatient visit utilization. There is a need for greater awareness of the impact of obesity and the specific patient populations affected by the disease.


Subject(s)
Obesity , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Humans , Asian , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity/epidemiology , White , Hispanic or Latino
19.
Food Res Int ; 173(Pt 1): 113206, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37803534

ABSTRACT

The relationship between the consumption of hyper-palatable ultra-processed foods and the process of addiction gains notoriety due to its relationship with obesity. Food addiction is a complex phenomenon intrinsically related to the individual's behavioral, emotional, and subjective aspects. Therefore, using classical approaches to sensory science may be insufficient to understand better the individual's sensory experience with hyper-palatable foods. In this context, sensory and consumer science techniques with holistic approaches have been aimed at accessing more subjective consumer perceptions. This study used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) to investigate the prevalence of food addiction and the Structured Projective Mapping (S-MP) and Sorting techniques to verify how individuals with and without food addiction perceive and understand different types of food. The prevalence of food addiction was 21.77% (n = 59 out of 271) and was associated with a higher BMI but not with sociodemographic aspects. Projective Mapping (RV = 0.937) and Sorting (RV = 0.934) indicated that perception in relation to attributes such as health and pleasure was similar for all investigated foods in individuals with or without food addiction. The presence of addictive eating behavior does not seem to be related to the way individuals perceive foods from different categories, for example, minimally or highly processed and hyper-palatable foods.


Subject(s)
Food Addiction , Humans , Food Addiction/epidemiology , Food Addiction/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Pleasure , Brazil/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
20.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 16923, 2023 10 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37805548

ABSTRACT

In the midst of rapid urbanization and economic shifts, the global landscape witnesses a surge in overweight and obese individuals, even as child malnutrition persists as a formidable public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study seeks to unravel the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) within the context of India and delve into the associated disparities rooted in wealth. This study leverages data from the fifth wave of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-5), a nationally representative survey conducted in the year 2019-21 in India. This study focuses on mother-child dyads with children under the age of 3 years. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analysis is used to decipher the intricate web of DBM's prevalence and risk factors, as underscored by socio-demographic attributes. Wagstaff decomposition analysis is applied to quantify the contribution of each inequality in the social determinants on the observed income-related inequality in the DBM. Result from bivariate and logistic regression indicated a heightened risk of DBM within households marked by C-section births, affluence, ongoing breastfeeding practices, advanced maternal age, and larger household sizes. Additionally, households harbouring women with abdominal obesity emerge as hotspots for elevated DBM risk. Notably, the interplay of abdominal obesity and geographical disparities looms large as drivers of substantial inequality in DBM prevalence, whereas other factors exert a comparably milder influence. As India grapples with the burgeoning burden of DBM, a conspicuous imbalance in its prevalence pervades, albeit inadequately addressed. This juncture warrants the formulation of dual-purpose strategies, and a slew of innovative actions to deftly navigate the complex challenges poised by the dual burden of malnutrition. Amidst these exigencies, the imperative to forge a holistic approach that encompasses both sides of the malnutrition spectrum remains a beacon guiding the quest for equitable health and nutrition outcomes.


Subject(s)
Malnutrition , Obesity, Abdominal , Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Mothers , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , India/epidemiology , Mother-Child Relations
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