Ozone Therapy for a Soccer Player With Osteitis Pubis: A Case Report.

CONTEXT: Osteitis pubis (OP), which occurs as a result of excessive use of the symphysis pubis and parasymphysis bones, is more common in long-distance runners and kicking athletes, especially football players. Due to the poor results of commonly used treatments for OP, there is a need for investigation of more effective treatments, such as ozone therapy. Ozone therapy is used to treat a variety of diseases, including musculoskeletal conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old amateur soccer player diagnosed with OP received conservative treatment with traditional physiotherapy and analgesic medications. After 6 months and no resolution of symptoms, the patient presented to the sports medicine outpatient clinic seeking alternative therapy options. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES: The patient received ozone injections in 3 sessions administered at 10-day intervals. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment, the patient's complaints and pain levels were re-evaluated and examined. The patient was able to return to competition at the same level after the first injection. No recurrence was revealed at a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this article, we present a case in which OP was successfully treated with ozone injection.

Osteitis pubis following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Osteitis pubis is a rare, inflammatory condition involving the pubic symphysis. While osteitis pubis has been reported following many urological procedures, including those addressing bladder outlet obstruction such as transurethral resection of the prostate, it has never been reported after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Here, we detail the clinical course of a patient found to have osteitis pubis following HoLEP. This patient presented several weeks after surgery with non-specific, persistent symptoms of groin pain and difficulty ambulating, alerting our clinicians to consider osteitis pubis which was confirmed on MRI of the pelvis. While the majority of osteitis pubis cases are managed with locally invasive techniques, our patient's symptoms were successfully managed conservatively with Foley catheter placement, oral antibiotics and close follow-up. At 9 months postoperative, the patient has reported complete resolution of symptoms and continues to be followed closely.

Osteitis Pubis Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT: Osteitis pubis is a common source of groin pain in athletes participating in sports requiring kicking, twisting, and pivoting movements. Athletes will present with progressive pain or discomfort in the pubic area or groin. There is usually point tenderness over the pubic symphysis and pain localizing to the adductor or rectus abdominis tendons. Conservative management often includes activity modification, oral medications, progressive rehabilitation, therapeutic ultrasound, steroid injections, and prolotherapy. Osteitis pubis can be refractory to conservative management and can keep an athlete sidelined for as long as 2 years. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been used for pubic symphysis pain, but reports have focused on pathology affecting the rectus abdominis or hip adductor muscle tendons. In this article, we present a case of isolated osteitis pubis, without overlapping rectus abdominis or adductor tendon involvement, successfully treated with an ultrasound-guided PRP injection of the fibrocartilage.

Endourological management of osteitis pubis secondary to a calcified prostate ossifying into the pubic symphysis.

Osteitis pubis is a rare but known complication of multiple urological procedures including transurethral resection of the prostate, prostate cryotherapy, photovaporisation of the prostate, high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of the prostate, prostatectomy and cystectomy, especially in the context of salvage therapy for prostate cancer. Patients can present with significant often intractable pain secondary to this condition. We report a case of a patient with a history of radiation therapy and salvage cryoablation who presented with osteitis pubis, calcification of the prostatic tissue bed which was inseparable from the pubic symphysis. Treatment with salvage holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and holmium lithotripsy was demonstrated to be effective for palliative management of osteitis pubis from prostatic calcification ossifying into the pubic symphysis.

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. in the treatment of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome: a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) in the treatment of osteoarticular lesions in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. METHODS: Eligible SAPHO patients were recruited to this single-center trial to receive 12-week TwHF treatment. Two dose groups (1.0-mg/kg/day group and 1.5-mg/kg/day group) were designed and patients were allocated (1:1) to these two groups. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score on the basis of C-reactive protein level (ASDAS) at week 12. RESULTS: All the 30 included patients completed the trial. At week 12, both dose groups showed significant change from baseline in ASDAS (1.0-mg/kg/day group: - 1.34 (1.10), p = 0.000; 1.5-mg/kg/day group: - 1.53 (1.19), p = 0.000). Similar improvement was also found in the Visual Analogue Scale in global osteoarticular pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, and other efficacy measures. The results showed a fast-acting characteristic of TwHF that the maximum efficacy was achieved within the first 2-4 weeks and maintained at a stable level for the rest of the study. No significant differences were observed between the two dose groups under the current sample size. TwHF was well tolerated that no severe adverse events or irregular menstruation were recorded, except for one patient who developed severe alanine aminotransferase elevation at the last follow-up and has stopped the TwHF treatment after the 12-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: TwHF should be considered for the treatment of osteoarticular lesions in SAPHO syndrome in clinical practice because of significant efficacy, reliable safety, and high socioeconomic value. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1900025912 Key points • This is the first clinical trial to evaluate Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) in the treatment of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. • Twelve-week TwHF treatment in both dose groups designed (1.0-mg/kg/day group and 1.5-mg/kg/day group) was well tolerated and could lead to significant disease remission of SAPHO syndrome. • No significant differences were observed between the two dose groups under the current sample size. • TwHF should be considered for the treatment of osteoarticular lesions in SAPHO syndrome in clinical practice because of significant efficacy, reliable safety, and high socioeconomic value.

Successful treatment and digestive decolonisation of a patient with osteitis caused by a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate harbouring both NDM-1 and OXA-48 enzymes.

OBJECTIVES: Carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing problem worldwide and infections caused by this bacterium can be difficult to treat. This study reported the case of a patient from Romania, who was hospitalised in Bulgaria after an accident trauma. He then came to France for treatment of an osteitis caused by a Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying both blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48. METHOD: The resistome of this extremely drug-resistant bacterium was analysed both with phenotypic (large antibiotic susceptibility testing) and genomic methods (genome sequencing). The genetic environment of the two carbapenemases was studied. RESULTS: Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 carrying both a blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 gene was located on two different plasmids: Inc L/M and IncFII. The patient was successfully treated by a combination of intravenous colistin (9 MUI, then 4.5 MUI bd), intravenous fosfomycin (4g tds) and oral doxycycline (100mg bd) for 3 months. Faecal microbiota transplantation was successfully conducted for stool carriage. CONCLUSION: The ST307 type is becoming endemic in hospital environments and is frequently associated with carbapenem resistance. Treatment of infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is a clinical challenge, and the use of old antibiotics associated with screening and decolonisation of the reservoirs can be an efficient therapeutic alternative.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) on implant-associated osteitis in a femur fracture model in mice.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is applied very successfully in treatment of various diseases such as chronic wounds. It has been already suggested as adjunctive treatment option for osteitis by immune- and fracture modulating effects. This study evaluates the importance of HBO in an early implant-associated localized osteitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) compared to the standard therapy. In a standardized murine model the left femur of 120 BALB/c mice were osteotomized and fixed by a titanium locking plate. Osteitis has been induced with a defined amount of SA into the fracture gap. Debridément and lavages were progressed on day 7, 14, 28 and 56 to determine the local bacterial growth and the immune reaction. Hyperbaric oxygen (2 ATA, 90%) was applied for 90 minutes on day 7 to 21 for those mice allocated to HBO therapy. To evaluate the effect of HBO therapy the following groups were analyzed: Two sham-groups (12 mice / group) with and without HBO therapy, two osteotomy groups (24 mice / group) with plate osteosynthesis of the femur with and without HBO therapy, and two osteotomy SA infection groups (24 mice / group) with and without HBO therapy. Fracture healing was also quantified on day 7, 14, 28 and 56 by a.p. x-ray and bone healing markers from blood samples. Progression of infection was assessed by estimation of colony-forming units (CFU) and immune response was analyzed by determination of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), Interleukin (IL) - 6, and the circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in lavage samples. Osteitis induced significantly higher IL-6, cfDNA- and PMN-levels in the lavage samples (on day 7 and 14, each p < 0.05). HBO-therapy did not have a significant influence on the CFU and immune response compared to the standard therapy (each p > 0.05). At the same time HBO-therapy was associated with a delayed bone healing assessed by x-ray radiography and a higher rate of non-union until day 28. In conclusion, osteitis led to significantly higher bacterial count and infection parameters. HBO-therapy neither had a beneficial influence on local infection nor on immune response or fracture healing compared to the standard therapy in an osteitis mouse model.

Potential Role of L-Arginine and Vitamin E Against Bone Loss Induced by Nano-Zinc Oxide in Rats.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) administration on bone turnover and bone resorbing agents in rats and how L-arginine (L-arg) or vitamin E (vit E) co-administrations might affect them. Fasting rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): G1-normal healthy animals; G2-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats (600 mg/kg-1/day-1); G3-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats co-administrated L-arg (200 mg/kg-1/day-1); G4-ZnO-NPs-exposed rats co-administrated vit E (200 mg/kg-1/day-1). The ingredients were orally administered daily. The body weight and food consumption of rats were recorded during the administration period and the experiment continued for three consecutive weeks. The results demonstrated that ZnO-NPs administration induced bone loss in rats as manifested by reduced activity of bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and increased level of C-terminal peptide type I collagen (CTx). The increase of inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ZnO-NPs suggests that deleterious effects of ZnO-NPs on bone turnover were, in part, due to inflammation. Confirming to this suggestion, both L-arg and vit E reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels and consequently decreased bone resorption as indicated by reduced serum CTx level. This study proved that ZnO-NPs can induce bone turnover, which may be reduced by L-arg or vit.E co-administration, partly by anti-inflammatory mechanism.

Recurrent symphysitis culminating in pelvic ring fracture after hyperextended transurethral prostate resection and vaporization with symphysis erosion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Short-term and long-term complications of transurethral prostate resection can be different in nature. Capsule perforation and subsequent fistulation after resection and electrovaporization is seldom reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the case of a 79-year-old caucasian man with capsule perforation after transurethral prostate resection and electrovaporization resulting in a severe and recurrent symphysitis and subsequent pelvic ring fracture. The bladder-symphysis fistulation was surgically removed and additional orthopedic surgery could be avoided after definitely solving the urological problem. CONCLUSIONS: Urologists should be aware of rare complications after transurethral resection and electrovaporization of the prostate.

Osteitis pubis after standard bipolar TURP surgery: insight into aetiology, diagnosis, management and prevention of this rarity.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgery is standard treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia when medical therapy has failed. We describe a rare case of osteitis pubis secondary to a prostato-symphocoele sinus after standard bipolar TURP surgery. We also discuss diagnostic techniques and management strategies, and provide an insight into the aetiology of this rare phenomenon. Conservative management with intravenous antibiotics and an indwelling catheter was successful in our case. Treatment in more severe cases may include laparotomy with peritoneal or omental interposition or open retropubic radical prostatectomy to remove the entire sinus tract.

Bone and joint infections by Mucorales, Scedosporium, Fusarium and even rarer fungi.

Mucorales, Scedosporium and Fusarium species are rarely considered as cause for bone and joint infections. However, these moulds are emerging as important fungal pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Typical pre-disposing host conditions are immunosuppression and diabetes. Most common causative pathogens are Mucorales followed by Scedosporium and Fusarium. Acremonium and Phialemonium species are rare but some case reports exist. MRI is the gold standard imaging technique. Tissue specimens obtained as aspirates, imaging guided biopsy or open surgery need mycological and histopathological work-up for genus and species identification. Multimodal treatment strategies combine surgical debridement, drainage of joints or abscesses, removal of infected prosthetic joints and systemic antifungals. The treatment of mucormycosis is polyene based and may be combined with either posaconazole or - in rare cases - caspofungin. As Scedosporium species are intrinsically resistant to polyenes and azoles show absence of in vitro activity, voriconazole plus synergistic treatment regimens become the therapeutic standard. In fusariosis, fungal susceptibility is virtually impossible to predict, so that combination treatment of voriconazole and lipid-based amphotericin B should be the first-line strategy while susceptibility results are pending. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, infections due to the above moulds should be registered, e.g. in the registries of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM).

Pubic symphysitis after transurethral resection of the prostate.

PURPOSE: Pubic symphysitis (PS) after urological operations is uncommon. This is a systematic single-institution review of patients with transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) with the aim to determine the incidence of PS after TUR-P and to identify a risk profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the past 15 years, 12,118 transurethral operations were performed in our department, 33.4% (n = 4045) were TUR-P, and 84.6% (n = 3421) had routine suprapubic trocar placement. A systematic retrospective analysis identified 12 patients, who developed PS (0.297%). RESULTS: Median age was 69.5 years (64-83). All patients had voiding difficulties. Urine culture had been positive in three cases. All 12 TUR-Ps were monopolar resections, and n = 11 patients had a suprapubic trocar. Median resection weight was 47.5 g (10-100). Two patients had a perforation of the capsule. Histopathological examination revealed chronic prostatitis in nine cases. After 1.0 ± 1.2 months, all patients developed pain in the pubic region. All patients underwent MRI, which suggested PS. Symptomatic and antibiotic medications were administered. Final outcome was resolution of symptoms in all patients after 3.8 ± 5.6 months. No patient retained voiding difficulties. CONCLUSION: PS remains a rare complication after TUR-P. We could not identify a single cause for developing PS. In our study, suprapubic trocar placement (11/12), chronic prostatic inflammation (9/12), previous UTI (3/12) and extended resection (2/12) were overrepresented. Inflammatory, thermic and/or surgical damage of the capsule may be causative. Patients require antibiotic and symptomatic medication. However, prognosis for remission is excellent.

Improvement of bone repair in diabetic rats subjected to ƛ780 nm low-level laser therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats. METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48 h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed. RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p<0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p<0.01), 18 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Improvement of bone repair in diabetic rats subjected to ƛ780 nm low-level laser therapy

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy on bone healing in diabetic rats.METHODS: Bone cavities (19 mm diameter) were performed in the femur of 72 alloxan-induced diabetic rats, which were assigned into four groups: CTR (non-diabetic control), DBT (diabetic) CTRL (non-diabetic irradiated) and DBTL (diabetic irradiated). Low-level laser therapy was performed every 48h for seven days. Animals were euthanized at seven, 18 and 30 days. Alkaline phosphatase serum levels and bone repair were analyzed.RESULTS: Low-level laser therapy significantly increased alkaline phosphatase in at seven and 18 days (p<0.001), and improved bone healing at seven (p<0.01), 18 (p<0.05) and 30 (p<0.01) in diabetic animals. In addition, bone healing in irradiated diabetic group was statistically similar to control group at 30 days (p>0.05).CONCLUSION:Low-level laser therapy increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and improved bone healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Efectividad del extracto acuoso de aloe en el tratamiento de las alveolitis bucales / Effectiveness of the aqueous extract of aloe in the treatment of oral alveolitis

Fundamento: la alveolitis es una complicación que puede aparecer luego de las exodoncias, se considera una urgencia estomatológica por el dolor intenso. Resulta preocupante para los servicios estomatológicos su prevalencia, por las complicaciones e invalidez que puede provocar en los pacientes.Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del extracto acuoso de aloe de uso farmacéutico en el tratamiento de las alveolitis.Método: se realizó un estudio experimental, en 100 pacientes que acudieron a la Clínica Provincial Docente, Clínica La Vigía y al Policlínico Julio Antonio Mella de Camagüey en el 2014, y que fueron diagnosticados con alveolitis. La muestra quedó conformada por 50 pacientes en el grupo control tratados con alvogyl y 50 en el grupo de estudio, tratados con extracto acuoso de aloe vera.Resultados: la mayor cantidad de los pacientes se concentró entre las edades de 26 a 45 años. A las 24 horas de tratamiento los resultados sobre la disminución del dolor fueron similares para ambos grupos, con un 18 por ciento para el grupo de estudio y un 16 por ciento para el grupo control. Al transcurrir 48 horas los mejores resultados se registraron en el grupo control con 62 por ciento de pacientes sin dolor, solo 30 por ciento en el grupo de estudio y a las 72 horas se mantuvo esta tendencia con 90 por ciento en el grupo control y 72 por ciento en el de estudio. En el grupo estudio eliminaron el dolor el 84,6 por ciento de los pacientes que presentaron alveolitis húmeda.Conclusiones: el extracto acuoso de aloe es un medicamento natural, efectivo en el tratamiento de las alveolitis; principalmente en las alveolitis húmedas y en aquellas que se presentaron en el maxilar. No hubo aparición de reacciones adversas con ninguno de los medicamentos aplicados (AU)

Background: alveolitis is a complication that may appear after the extraction of a tooth. It is considered a dental emergency due to the intense pain. Its prevalence is worrisome for the dental services for the complications and disability that it can provoke in patients.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of aloe with pharmaceutical use in the treatment of alveolitis.Method: an experimental study was carried out with 100 patients that visited the Provincial Teaching Dental Clinic, La Vigía Clinic, and Julio Antonio Mella Polycilinic of Camaguey in 2014, and that were diagnosed with alveolitis. The sample was made up of 50 patients in the control group treated with Alvogyl and 50 patients in the study group treated with aloe.Results: most of the patients belonged to the 26 to 45 age group. At 24 hours of treatment the results on pain relief were similar for both groups, with an 18 percent for the study group and a 16 percent for the control group. At 48 hours the best results were found in the control group, with 62 percent of patients with no pain, and only a 30 percent in the study group. At 72 hours this tendency was kept with 90 percent in the control group and 72 percent in the study group. In the study group an 84 percent of the patients with wet alveolitis felt pain relief.Conclusions: the aqueous extract of aloe is a natural drug which is effective in the treatment of alveolitis, mainly in wet alveolitis and those affecting the maxillary bones. There were no adverse reactions with none of the used medications (AU)

Edema óseo e incipiente osteonecrosis en cóndilo femoral externo tratados con láser y ultrasonido. A propósito de un caso / Bone edema and incipient lateral femoral condyle osteonecrosis with laser and ultrasound. A case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 67 años de edad, con presencia de edema femoral y en área intercondilar junto con incipientes cambios de osteonecrosis avascular en el cóndilo femoral externo (Ext) de la rodilla izquierda; con instauración súbita de dolor, sin traumatismo previo, a consecuencia de un esfuerzo prolongado. El dolor cursaba de forma continua, diurna y nocturna, de intensidad severa y sin respuesta al tratamiento médico con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La paciente, diagnosticada de osteopenia moderada y grave, recibió durante 10 años tratamiento con estrógenos. Se aplica tratamiento fisioterápico mediante electroterapia combinada bioestimulante, terapia láser y ultrasonido, principalmente. Después del tratamiento, según la resonancia magnética, se consiguió la desaparición total del edema en el cóndilo femoral Ext, y también de los signos iniciales osteonecróticos, con la consiguiente recuperación funcional articular (AU)

A case report is presented of a 67-year old female patient with femoral and intercondylar area edema together with avascular osteonecrosis emerging changes in lateral femoral condyle (Ext) of the left knee, with sudden onset of pain without trauma as a result of a prolonged effort. She had persistent pain, day and night, with severe intensity. It did not respond to medical treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The patient, diagnosed with moderate and severe osteopenia, had received treatment with estrogens for 10 years. Physiotherapy treatment was applied, mainly using combined biostimulant electrotherapy, laser and ultrasound. After treatment, the nuclear magnetic resonance showed complete disappearance of edema in femoral condyle Ext, and also fading of the initial osteonecrotic signs with subsequent joint functional recovery (AU)

Vivências de pessoas submetidas a amputação do membro inferior por osteítes / Experiences of people submitted to lower limb amputation for osteitis

Atualmente, as Patologias Sépticas Osteoarticulares, apresentam para a sociedade em geral escassa visibilidade, no entanto para a Pessoa com estas Patologias representam um flagelo de difícil tratamento. A etiologia destas Patologias (Osteítes) abrange uma panóplia de microrganismos, determinada pela sua capacidade de ação, deteriorando os tecidos ósseo, muscular e cutâneo. Assim traduzem-se em internamentos longos, recidivantes, com um grau de cronicidade subjacente e que em última instância, remetem a Pessoa para a Amputação. Perante esta malograda decisão clinica, que implica inequivocamente um turbilhão de emoções, pelo sofrimento físico e psicológico inerentes e cujas respostas se manifestam a nível individual, familiar e social. Assim, perante a inquietação com o fenómeno da amputação por Osteítes, suas implicações e sentimentos experienciados pela pessoa que a vivencia, dada a escassa bibliografia, e o interesse em aumentar o conhecimento para desta forma, permitir melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados, realizou-se este estudo, cuja questão inicial foi ?Quais as vivências de pessoas que foram submetidas a amputação do membro inferior por Osteítes??. Desta forma, o presente estudo qualitativo de abordagem fenomenológica tem como objetivos compreender a experiência das pessoas com Osteítes submetidas a amputação do membro inferior e refletir sobre o significado pessoal desse tipo de perda corporal. Participaram sete pessoas do género masculino, doentes que foram amputados num serviço de Ortopedia, que relataram as suas experiências através da entrevista semiestruturada e utilizando o modelo de análise de Colaizzi de acordo com Streubert e Carpenter (2002). Dos achados emergiram três temas centrais que permitem compreender de modo mais abrangente a experiência das pessoas amputadas por Osteítes: ?A pessoa em transição?, ?A pessoa com os outros? e ?A pessoa no futuro?. A experiência da amputação vivida pelos participantes é um período de sofrimento/dor manifestando-se por tristeza após o choque inicial da notícia da necessidade de amputação, mas também de superação das dificuldades encontradas perante esta vivência. Este estudo permitiu adquirir conhecimentos, no qual assentam questões tão pertinentes quanto as experiências subjetivas da pessoa amputada, a relação entre a pessoa e os outros (família, amigos e profissionais de saúde), bem como uma visão holística, realçando os aspetos de aceitação/adaptação e utilidade. Permitiu ainda verificar que o processo de reabilitação, é um processo global, dinâmico e contínuo, que permite às pessoas melhorar ou recuperar as suas aptidões, as suas capacidades tão rápido quanto possível, de forma a contribuir para a reintegração. A Enfermagem de Reabilitação tem conhecimentos aprofundados e fundamentais, para os cuidados que se preconizam e desejam de forma a contribuir para uma melhor prática.