Home parenteral nutrition patients on mixed oil lipid emulsion have a higher rate of hospitalizations compare to those on soybean oil- a prospective 2-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mixed oil intravenous lipid emulsion (MO ILE) that contains 30% soybean oil (SO), 30% medium chain triglycerides, 25% olive oil and 15% fish oil can benefit hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) but there are very few studies on its long-term use. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of adults receiving home PN (HPN) with MO versus those receiving SO ILE over a 2-year period. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from a cohort of patients recorded in the Canadian HPN Registry over a 2-year period. HPN patients from academic programs across Canada were entered in the Registry according to a validated protocol. For this study, demographic, nutritional, laboratory and clinical data were extracted from January 1st 2015, when MO lipid emulsion became available in Canada, to July 24th 2019. Clinical data for each patient included: number of hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations related to HPN and number of hospitalization days related to HPN, over a year; incidence of line sepsis per 1000 catheter days and mortality. Data are presented as median (1st, 3rd quartile) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. Comparisons between groups were performed using two sample t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were also carried out. Statistical significance is set at a p-value <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were included (MO n = 68, SO n = 52). Significant differences at baseline between the two groups were a higher use of Hickman line (62.12% vs 42%, p = 0.038) and more western Canada based hospital care with MO (75% vs 42.31%, p = 0.0002). The MO group had significantly more hospitalizations (p = 0.001), more hospitalizations related to HPN (p = 0.012) and more hospitalization days related to HPN (p = 0.016) per patient per year compared to SO patients. There was no significant difference between groups for line sepsis per 1000 catheter days (MO: 0.05 (0.0, 1.0) vs SO: 0.0 (0.0, 0.22), p = 0.053) or mortality. All other variables, including biochemical variables, were similar between groups. In a multiple regression analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with a greater number of hospitalizations per patient per year: use of MO, high blood glucose from the last recorded value and having died by the end of the study period. CONCLUSION: This 2-year prospective cohort study suggests an increased risk of hospitalization in HPN patients receiving MO lipid emulsion. The long-term effect of using MO lipid emulsion in HPN patients should be further evaluated using a large randomized controlled trial. THE STUDY WAS REGISTERED IN CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: (NCT02299466).

Results from an Epidemiological Follow-Up Survey on Home Artificial Nutrition in Switzerland from 2010 to 2015.

BACKGROUND: Home artificial nutrition (HAN) is an established treatment for malnourished patients. Since July 2012, the costs for oral nutrition supplements (ONS) are covered by the compulsory health insurance providers in Switzerland if the patient has a medical indication based on the Swiss Society for Clinical Nutrition guidelines. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to analyse the development of HAN, including ONS, before and after July 2012. METHODS: We obtained the retrospective and anonymized data from the Swiss association for joint tasks of health insurers (SVK), who registered patients on HAN. Since not all health insurers are working with SVK, this retrospective study recorded nearly 65% of all new patients on HAN in Switzerland from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015. RESULTS: A total of 33,410 patients (49.1% men and 50.9% women) with a mean BMI of 21.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and mean age of 68.9 ± 17.8 years were recorded. The number of patient cases on ONS increased from 808 cases in 2010 to 18,538 cases in 2015, while patient cases on home enteral nutrition (HEN) and home parenteral nutrition (HPN) remained approximately the same. The relative distribution of type of HAN changed from 26.2% cases on ONS, 68.7% cases on HEN and 5.1% cases on HPN in 2010 to 86.1% cases on ONS, 12.8% cases on HEN, and 1.1% cases on HPN in 2015. Treatment duration decreased for ONS from 698 ± 637 days to 171 ± 274 days, for HEN from 416 ± 553 days to 262 ± 459 days, and for HPN from 96 ± 206 days to 72 ± 123 days. Mean costs per patient decreased for ONS from 1,330 CHF in 2010 to 606 CHF in 2015. Total costs for HAN increased from 16,895,373 CHF in 2010 to 32,868,361 CHF in 2015. CONCLUSION: Our epidemiological follow-up study showed an immense increase in number of patients on HAN in Switzerland after July 2012. Due to shorter therapy duration and reduced mean costs per patient, total costs were only doubled while the number of patients increased 7-fold.

Nutrition accesses among patients receiving enteral treatment in the home environment.

Enteral feeding in the home environment is connected with creating access to digestive tract, and thanks to that, this kind of treatment is possible. The gold standard in enteral nutrition is PEG, other types of access are: nasogastric tube, gastronomy and jejunostomy. In the article 851 patients who were treated nutritionally in the home environment, in the nutrition clinic, Nutrimed Górny Slask, were analyzed. It was described how, in practice, the schedule of nutrition access looks like in the nutrition clinic at a time of qualifying patients to the treatment (PEG 47,35%, gastronomy 18,91%, nasogastric tube 17,39%,jejunostomy 16,33%) and how it changes among patients treated in the nutrition clinic during specific period of time - to the treatment there were qualified patients with at least three-month period of therapy ( second evaluation: PEG 37,01%, gastrostomy 31,13%, nasogastric tube 16,98%, jejunostomy 15,86%). The structure of changes was described, also the routine and the place in what exchanging or changing nutrition access was analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The biggest changes in quantity, among all groups of ill people concerned patients with PEG and gastronomy. In most cases the intervention connected with exchanging access to the digestive tract could be implemented at patient's home.

Taurolidine in Pediatric Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients.

To reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in home parenteral nutrition patients, the use of taurolidine was introduced in the Sophia Children's Hospital in 2011. This introduction led to a reduction in catheter-related bloodstream infections: 12.7/1000 catheter days before the use of taurolidine, compared with 4.3/1000 catheter days afterwards (n = 7) [relative risk = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.65 (P = 0.018)].

[HOME AND AMBULATORY ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION (NADYA) GROUP REPORT, HOME PARENTERAL NUTRITION IN SPAIN, 2014]. / NUTRICIÓN PARENTERAL DOMICILIARIA EN ESPAÑA DURANTE 2014; INFORME DEL GRUPO DE NUTRICIÓN ARTIFICIAL DOMICILIARIA Y AMBULATORIA NADYA.

AIM: to communicate the results of the Spanish Home Parenteral Nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYASENPE group for the year 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS: data was recorded online by NADYA group collaborators that were responsible of the HPN follow-up from 1st January to 31st December 2014. RESULTS: a total of 220 patients and 229 episodes of HPN were registered from 37 hospitals that represents a rate of 4.7 patients/million habitants/year 2014. The most frequent disease in adults was other diseases (23.3%), neoplasm (20.4%) followed by radical active neoplasm (11.8%) and mesenteric ischemia (10.9%). The most frequent diagnosis for children were the congenital intestinal disorders (33.3%) followed by traumatic short bowel and other diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: the number of participating centers and registered patients increased progressively respect to preceding years. We consider that the HPN should be regulated by the Sanitary Administration within the framework of the National Health Service Interregional Council. And its inclusion in the portfolio of health services of the different Autonomous Comunities would be beneficial for patients and professionals.

Objetivo: comunicar los datos del registro de Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria (NPD) del grupo de trabajo NADYA-SENPE del año 2014. Material y métodos: recopilación de los datos de NPD del registro "on-line" del grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria (NADYA) desde el 1 de enero de 2014 al 31 de diciembre de 2014. Resultados: se registraron 220 pacientes, con 229 episodios de NPD, procedentes de 37 hospitales; lo que representa una tasa de 4,73 pacientes/millón de habitantes/ año 2014. Las patologías más frecuentes en los adultos fueron: 'otros diagnósticos' (22,3%), la neoplasia paliativa (20,4%), seguida por la neoplasia activa radical (11,8%) y la isquemia mesentérica (10,9%). En los niños las patologías más frecuentes fueron: 'alteraciones congénitas intestinales' (33,3%), seguidas por 'intestino corto traumático' y 'otro diagnóstico'. Conclusiones: se observa un aumento del número de pacientes que reciben nutrición parenteral domiciliaria y de los centros colaboradores. Consideramos que la NPD debería ser regulada por la Administración Sanitaria en el marco del Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud, y que su inclusión en la Cartera de Servicios de los diferentes Servicios de Salud de las diferentes comunidades autónomas redundaría en un beneficio para el paciente y los profesionales.

Cholelithiasis in home parenteral nutrition (Hpn) patients--complications of the clinical nutrition: diagnosis, treatment, prevention.

UNLABELLED: Long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is an important factor for cholelithiasis. An individualized nutrition program, trophic enteral nutrition and ultrasound bile ducts monitoring is a necessity in those patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic cholecystectomy in patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis requiring HPN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 292 chronic HPN patients were analyzed in the period from 2005 to 2012. Patients were divided into four groups: A - without cholelithiasis, B - with asymptomatic cholelithiasis, C - urgent cholecystectomy because of cholecystisis caused by gallstones, D - cholecystectomy in patients without cholelithiasis performed during an operation to restore the continuity of the digestive tract. The patients were additionally divided depending on the extent of resection of the small intestine and colon. RESULTS: 36.9% of chronic HPN patients had cholelithiasis confirmed using ultrasonographic examination. Cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis symptoms was performed in 14.4% of the patients. The remaining 22.6% patients had asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Prophylactic cholecystectomy was performed in 5.5% patients with no signs of cholelcystisis during the planned operation to restore the continuity of the digestive tract. CONCLUSIONS: Cholelithiasis in chronic HPN patients is a frequent phenomenon. It seems useful to perform prophylactic cholecystectomy during primary subtotal resection of the small intestine, because the risk of cholelithiasis in this group of patients is very high.

Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en pacientes con cáncer avanzado: experiencia en un solo centro a lo largo de diez años / Home parenteral nutrition in patients with advanced cancer: experience of a single centre over ten years

El uso de la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) en pacientes con cáncer avanzado sin tratamiento curativo continúa siendo objeto de controversia y conlleva una considerable carga emocional. Sin embargo, este grupo de pacientes constituye la primera indicación de NPD en muchos programas. Objetivo: Presentar las características de una serie de pacientes incluidos en un programa de NPD en los últimos diez años. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de los once pacientes que recibieron NPD en este período. Se recogieron los datos demográficos, clínicos, complicaciones y evolución y se compararon con la del grupo de pacientes con enfermedad benigna que recibieron NPD en el mismo período. Para las comparaciones se utilizó la t de Student y el test de la Chi-cuadrado cuando estuvieron indicados. Se consideró significación estadística si p < 0,05. Resultados: Once pacientes recibieron NPD, nueve a causa de una obstrucción intestinal irresoluble y dos por una fístula de alto débito. La edad media del inicio de la NPD fue de 50,8 ± 12,7 años frente a los 37,3 ± 17,2 en el grupo con enfermedad benigna (p < 0,05). La duración media del NPD fue de 71,05 ± 217 días en el primer grupo, sensiblemente inferior al segundo (387,12 ± 995,85; p < 0,05), con un rango entre 5 y 760 días. Los pacientes recibieron la infusión a través de un reservorio subcutáneo ya previamente implantado (n: 9) y en dos ocasiones, de forma electiva, a través de un catéter tunelizado. La tasa de infección fue superior en el grupo con cáncer (0,34 episodios/paciente y 1.000 días de NPD) que en el grupo con enfermedad benigna (0,08 episodios; p < 0,05). Sólo en uno de los pacientes se suspendió la NPD antes de los 5 días previos al fallecimiento, por deterioro clínico. Dos pacientes precisaron ingreso por una complicación asociada a la técnica. En los dos casos se trató de una fungemia que obligó a la retirada del catéter. La calidad de vida medida mediante una escala de actividad fue similar al inicio de la NPD en ambos grupos. Ninguno de los pacientes que fueron incluidos en el programa continúa vivo. Conclusiones: la NPD ofrece al paciente con cáncer avanzado y grave disfunción intestinal la posibilidad de tratamiento en su domicilio, con un bajo índice de complicaciones. Si consideramos la corta duración media de la NPD, la inclusión en el programa ha de valorarse de forma individual y revisarse periódicamente (AU)

The use of Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) in patients with advanced cancer without the possibility of curative treatment continues to be a controversial subject entailing a considerable emotional burden. Sonetheless, this group of patients constitutes the main indication for HPN in many programmes. Goal: to present the characteristics of a series of patients included on an HPN programme over the last ten years. Method: Retrospective study of the case histories of the 11 patients who received HPN over this period. The demographic and clinical details were noted along with their complications and evolution for comparison with those of a control group of patients with benign disease receiving HPN over the same period. For the comparisons, Student´s t test and the chi-squared test were used as and when indicated. Results were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: Eleven patients received HPN, nine of them because of an irresoluble intestinal obstruction and two because of a high flow fistula. The mean age at the start of HPN was 50.8 ± 12.7 years versus 37.3 ± 17.2 years for the group with benign disease (p < 0.05). the mean duration of HPN was 71.05 ± 217 days in the first group, notably less than the second (387.15 ± 995.85; p < 0.05), with a range between 5 and 760 days. The patients received the infusion through a previously implanted subcutaneous reservoir (n = 9) and on two occasions, electively, through a tunnelled catheter. The infection rate was higher in the group with cancer (0.34 episodes per patient and 1,000 days on HPN) than in the group with benign disease (0.08 episodes; p < 0.05). HPN was suspended in only one of the patients more than 5 days prior to death due to clinical deterioration. Two patients required admission due to a complication associated with the technique. In both cases, a fungal infection of the blood made it necessary to withdraw the catheter. The quality of life, measured by means of an activity scale, was similar at the start of HPN in both groups. None of the patients included on the programme is still alive. Conclusions: HPN offers patients with advanced cancer and severe intestinal dysfunction the possibility of an at-home treatment with a low complication rate. If we take into account the short mean duration of HPN, inclusion on the programme must be assessed individually and regularly revised (AU)

Evaluación de un programa de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en pacientes oncológicos terminales / Assessment of home parenteral nutrition programme in terminal oncological patients

A pesar de que el cáncer constituye en la mayoría de las series publicadas la patología de base más frecuente para la indicación de Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria (NPD), su utilización en pacientes terminales sigue siendo objeto de controversias. Nuestro objetivo ha sido revisar la evolución de los pacientes con cáncer tratados con NPD procedentes del Hospital La Paz con el fin de estudiar su indicación, evolución y complicaciones. Revisamos un total de 9 pacientes oncológicos terminales que habían sido tratados con NPD entre enero de 2000 y diciembre del 2002. Con una edad media de 60,4 años (44-81), el cáncer de base más frecuente era el adenocarcinoma gástrico (44%). La obstrucción intestinal en el contexto de una carcinomatosis peritoneal fue el motivo de indicación en el 89% de los casos y la mediana de supervivencia de 71 días (23-131). La infección del catéter representó la complicación más frecuente con 1,4 episodios/paciente. La existencia de un Equipo de Soporte Domiciliario facilitó el seguimiento de los pacientes, estimándose la NPD como tratamiento proporcionado en el 67% de los casos. El 56% de los pacientes no estaban suficientemente informados de su enfermedad de base. Aunque la NPD es un recurso terapéutico más, del que podemos disponer en algunos pacientes oncológicos terminales, debemos afinar la indicación lo más posible teniendo en cuenta una serie de "garantías sistemáticas" que incluyen el cumplimiento de los criterios clínicos pertinentes, el consentimiento informado y la colegiación en la decisión de todos los profesionales implicados en el seguimiento del paciente. Proponemos un algoritmo de actuación para ayudar a mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones en estos pacientes (AU)

Background and goals: The assessment of the acceptance of the diets served at the hospital allows the introduction of adjustments to improve the quality of the service provided to hospitalized patients by preventing the complications derived from incorrect nutrition and enhancing their stay in hospital. The goal of the present study was to analyze the acceptance of the menus offered by the Hospital's catering service. Scope of the study: Menus provided by the catering service of the "Sant Joan de Reus" University Hospital. Material and methods: A total of 160 tray meals consumed were assessed, all chosen at random and corresponding to standard diets and special diets, including puréed food. The assessment was made by two dieticians in the hospital´s kitchens. A visual scale was used with the following scores: 0 for a full plate, 1 for residual food amounting to over 75%, 2 from 50% to 75%, 3 more than or equal to 25% and 4 for empty plates. Results: A total of 68 trays containing a standard diet were analyzed, together with 34 containing special diets and 41 with puréed food. The remains on 36 different courses from the standard diet were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 3.01 ± 1.30 in the case of the first courses, 3.24 ± 1.11 in second courses and 3.53 ± 0.96 for the desserts. As for special diets, a total of 27 different courses were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 2.87 ± 1.38 in the case of the first courses, 3.02 ± 1.27 in second courses and 3.49 ± 1.22 for the desserts. The first courses of puréed diets received the worst score of all the dishes served, although the overall mean score was good, 2.76 ± 1.5. Conclusions: In general, a good level of acceptance has been observed for the set meals served in the hospital. Knowing which courses have lower acceptance scores allows changes to be proposed to the hospital menus, with their replacement by others with foreseeably better acceptance (AU)

Cysteine supplementation results in normalization of plasma taurine concentrations in children receiving home parenteral nutrition.

We evaluated plasma sulfur amino acid concentrations in children with short gut syndrome receiving home parenteral nutrition (n = 6). Cysteine HCl addition to solutions formulated with a pediatric amino acid product will increase plasma taurine concentrations to within the normal reference range.

Current use and clinical outcome of home parenteral and enteral nutrition therapies in the United States.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Home nutrition support, especially when delivered parenterally, is very costly. The aim of this study is to examine current usage of home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN) in the United States and the quality of therapy outcome. METHODS: Medicare HPEN use from 1989 to 1992 was analyzed to assess use, growth, and costs. National Registry information collected on 9288 patients treated with HPEN from 1985 to 1992 was used to assess disease distribution and therapy outcome. RESULTS: In the United States, there were approximately 40,000 parenteral and 152,000 enteral home patients in 1992. The usage of HPEN doubled between 1989 and 1992, and a large proportion was in patients with short survival. The prevalence of HPEN in the United States was 4-10 times higher than in other Western countries. Outcome data showed both therapies were relatively safe. The primary disease strongly influenced survival and rehabilitation, and age, per se, was not a reason to deny HPEN. CONCLUSIONS: Predicted quality survival at home for several months, rather than a specific diagnosis, seems to be the soundest justification for HPEN. Its role in terminal conditions and patients without primary gastrointestinal diseases needs further evaluations.