Exploring The Netley British Red Cross Magazine: An example of the development of nursing and patient care during the First World War.

Netley Hospital played a crucial role in caring for the wounded during the nineteenth century and twentieth century, becoming one of the busiest military hospitals of the time. Simultaneously, Florence Nightingale delved into the concept of health and developed the theoretical basis of nursing. This research aims to describe the experiences related to nursing and patient care described in The Netley British Red Cross Magazine during the First World War. The analysis displays different nurses' roles and the influence of environmental factors in the delivery of the soldiers' care. There are indications that Nightingale's ideas would have infiltrated the nursing practices and other aspects of the soldiers' recovery at Netley. The history of the Netley Red Cross Hospital shows the theoretical and practical advancement of nursing care towards a holistic approach.

Evolution of military medicine literature: a scientometric study of global publications on military medicine between 1978 and 2017.

OBJECTIVES: Scientometrics is a popular statistical discipline providing data relevant to publication patterns and trends in a certain academic field. There are no scientometric analyses of publications produced in military medicine literature. The present study aims to perform a holistic analysis of military medicine literature. METHODS: All data of this study were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. All indexed documents between 1978 and 2017 were included. Countries, authors, institutions, citations and keywords relevant to the military medicine literature were comprehensively analysed. An infomap revealing global productivity and infographics of scientometric networks were generated. RESULTS: A total of 48 240 published items were found, 82.29% of which were original articles. USA, covering 56.66% of all literature dominated the military medicine field followed by the UK, China, Canada and Israel. We found that 18 of 20 most productive institutions in the world were from USA and the US Department of Defense was the most contributing institution in the literature with 9664 documents. The most used keywords over a 40-year period were 'military', 'veterans', 'posttraumatic stress disorder' and 'military personnel'. A scientometric network of keywords showed a complicated 'starburst pattern'. CONCLUSION: All most contributing countries except Turkey, China and Israel were developed nations. Only one institution (Tel Aviv University) from developing countries was noted in the list of 20 most productive institutions. The researchers from developing and the least developed countries should be encouraged and supported to carry out novel studies on military medicine.

Ethnopharmacology - A journal, a definition and a society.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Historical development of the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, the International Society of Ethnopharmacology, and the first definition of ethnopharmacology. AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the background to, and the people involved, in the foundation of the journal and the society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Personal recollections, archival documents and photographs. RESULTS: A concise review of the early years of the JEP and the ISE, and the development of the first definition of ethnopharmacology. CONCLUSIONS: The definition of ethnopharmacology as an interdisciplinary science, and its establishment as a journal and a society was timely, filled a need, and opened up publication and meeting possibilities for scientists from various academic fields. Most important has been, and continues to be, the bridges created between people from all cultures and all countries.

A concorrência na arte de partejar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1835 e 1900 / Competition in the arts of midwifery in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1835 to 1900

Resumo Este artigo discute a concorrência entre parteiras e médicos na oferta dos serviços de partos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1835 e 1900. Foram analisadas as atas da congregação, os livros do curso de partos e de termos de exames de verificação de médicos, cirurgiões, boticários e parteiras da Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, além de anúncios e propagandas de médicos e parteiras nas colunas "Anúncios" e "Indicações Úteis" do Jornal do Commercio . Observa-se como o aumento do número de médicos-parteiros e seus discursos científicos contribuíram para que as parteiras se vissem obrigadas a diversificar a clientela, instalando-se e atendendo em áreas populares e inóspitas.

Abstract The article discusses competition between midwives and doctors offering birth-related services in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1835 to 1900. The research analyzed minutes from meetings, textbooks on births, and terms from qualification examinations for physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, and midwives at the Rio de Janeiro Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro), as well as announcements by and advertisements for doctors and midwives in columns featuring advertisements and useful recommendations in the Jornal do Commercio newspaper. An increase in the number of delivery physicians, and their scientific discourses led midwives to feel an obligation to diversify their clientele, consequently establishing themselves and working in lower-class and inhospitable areas.

[The publication of the Medicine News and its influence on the spread of modern-western medicines in China and its role in western medicine communication].

Medicine News, first published in 1880, was the earliest western medicine journal founded in China, playing an important role in the history of Chinese modern journals and the history of western medicine communication. Today, no original copies of this journal survive in China. Quotations, citations and comments of some newspapers and periodicals on it at the time, reveal that the publication aim of this journal was to disseminate knowledge of western medicine to the Chinese people, that its editorial policy was "showing western medicine is superior to traditional Chinese medicine" , and that its communication of western medicine knowledge was also based on this policy. Medicine News reported on an international medical academic conference held in London for the first time, and it is worth mentioning that thousands of people attended the meeting. Medicine News is known to have promoted western medicine communication in China to an advanced and more up-to-date level. At the same time, its editorial policy and strategy had a great influence on the editing and publication of western medicine journals in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

[Competition in the arts of midwifery in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1835 to 1900]. / A concorrência na arte de partejar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1835 e 1900.

The article discusses competition between midwives and doctors offering birth-related services in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 1835 to 1900. The research analyzed minutes from meetings, textbooks on births, and terms from qualification examinations for physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, and midwives at the Rio de Janeiro Medical School (Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro), as well as announcements by and advertisements for doctors and midwives in columns featuring advertisements and useful recommendations in the Jornal do Commercio newspaper. An increase in the number of delivery physicians, and their scientific discourses led midwives to feel an obligation to diversify their clientele, consequently establishing themselves and working in lower-class and inhospitable areas.

Este artigo discute a concorrência entre parteiras e médicos na oferta dos serviços de partos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1835 e 1900. Foram analisadas as atas da congregação, os livros do curso de partos e de termos de exames de verificação de médicos, cirurgiões, boticários e parteiras da Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, além de anúncios e propagandas de médicos e parteiras nas colunas "Anúncios" e "Indicações Úteis" do Jornal do Commercio . Observa-se como o aumento do número de médicos-parteiros e seus discursos científicos contribuíram para que as parteiras se vissem obrigadas a diversificar a clientela, instalando-se e atendendo em áreas populares e inóspitas.

La prensa profesional como fuente de información historiográfica en la Historia de la Enfermería / A imprensa profissional como uma fonte de informação historiográfica sobre a História da Enfermagem / The professional press as a source of historiographical information on the History of Nursing

La prensa profesional enfermera y de sus antecedentes profesiones auxiliares, constituye una fuente valiosa para el estudio de la evolución que desarrollaron y su interrelación entre las diferentes disciplinas sanitarias. Conocer y estudiar las publicaciones seriadas de este sector nos permite acercarnos a la realidad e identidad profesional, formativa y de actualidad por la que atravesaban. En el presente artículo se propone una guía metodológica para la búsqueda de este tipo de fuente de información historiográfica y un modelo para el estudio histórico de la prensa profesional enfermera basado a los últimos avances en la metodología historiográfica; apoyado en el análisis por separado de la estructura de la prensa mediante los preceptos de Jaques Kayser y de su contenido por ejes temáticos a través los métodos heurístico, hermenéutico e histórico en la interpretación de textos (AU)

A imprensa profissional enfermeiro e suas profissões antecedentes de saúde é uma fonte valiosa para o estudo da evolução que desenvolveu e sua inter-relação entre as diferentes disciplinas da saúde. Conhecer e estudar folhetins nesse setor nos permite abordar a realidade e identidade profissional, educacional e tópica que atingiu. Neste artigo tenciona um guia metodológico para encontrar este tipo de fonte de informação historiográfica e um modelo para o estudo histórico da imprensa profissional enfermeiro com base nos mais recentes desenvolvimentos na metodologia historiográfica; suportado pela análise separada da estructura da imprensa os preceitos de Jaques Kayser e seu conteúdo por temas através de heurística, hermenêutica e método histórico na interpretação de textos (AU)

The nurse and previous auxiliary professions press, is a valuable source for the study of evolution developed and its interrelationship between different health disciplines. Knowing and studying serials publications in this sector allow us to approach reality and professional identity, educational and current which hit. In this article is proposed a metodological guide for finding this kind of source of historiographical information and a model for the historical study of the nurse professional press based on the latest developments in the historiographical methodology; supported on separate analysis of the structure of the press by the precepts of Jaques Kayser and its contents by themes through heuristic, hermeneutic and historical methods in the interpretation of texts (AU)

[Research on Yi yu (Medical Education), a professional journal on medical education during the period of Anti-Japanese War].

Founded in October, 1935, Yi yu (Medical Education) was the first professional journal of medical education in China. Unlike other medical journals, Yi yu had strong official background. It was sponsored by the Medical Education Committee of Ministry of Education of the National Government, whose chief editor, editors and authors were mostly authoritative scholars. Its publication time was 1935-1941, and was once an important basis reflecting the development levels and results of Chinese medicine during the Anti-Japanese War, introspecting Chinese medicine education, spreading medical knowledge. From a side, its creation and development reflected the interaction between the journals of science and technology and Chinese society from middle of the 1930s to early 1940s.

[Ten-day Periodical of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its concept of confluence of Chinese and western medicine].

The Ten-day Periodical of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a TCM Journal founded by the Xiamen Professional School of Traditional Chinese Medicine in July 1934, had published a lot of essays written by many TCM physicians that interpret the concept of traditional Chinese medicine by western medicine, offering the academic way of probing confluence of Chinese and Western Medicine in Xiamen. The aim of the Journal includes "developing TCM academy" and the "confluence of TCM with western medicine" , the exploration of TCM and the penetration of Chinese and western medicine, and getting rid of blind faith on "science" to set up the belief of TCM and to prove the ideas of visceral theory and its gasification by the anatomical knowledge of western medicine. The Journal envisaged the difference between the TCM and WM, avoided blind convergence, representing the academic inheritance and progress of the era. Although the essays published might have made a forced analogy by over-praising TCM, however, its exploration and convergence of TCM and the experiences are helpful to modern scholars to properly manage the relation of TCM and WM to face the future challenge consciously.