Treatment of experimental periodontal disease by photodynamic therapy in rats with diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically and histometrically the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjuvant treatment on induced periodontitis in rats with diabetes. METHODS: Two hundred forty rats were divided evenly into two groups: non-diabetic (ND; n = 120) and alloxan diabetic (D; n = 120). Periodontal disease was induced in both groups at the first mandibular molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and all animals underwent scaling and root planing (SRP) and were divided according to the following treatments: irrigation with saline solution (SRP); irrigation with a phenothiazinium dye (100 microg/ml) (TBO); laser irradiation (660 nm, 24 J) (LLLT); and PDT (TBO and laser irradiation). Ten animals in each experimental group and treatment subgroup were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days. The histometric values were analyzed statistically (P <0.05). RESULTS: In the ND group, the animals treated by PDT showed less bone loss (0.33 +/- 0.05 mm(2), 0.35 +/- 0.06 mm(2), and 0.27 +/- 0.07 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively; P <0.05) at all experimental periods than the SRP group (1.11 +/- 0.11 mm(2), 0.84 +/- 0.12 mm(2), and 0.97 +/- 0.13 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), the TBO group (0.51 +/- 0.12 mm(2), 0.70 +/- 0.13 mm(2), and 0.64 +/- 0.08 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), and the LLLT group (0.59 +/- 0.03 mm(2), 0.61 +/- 0.04 mm(2), and 0.60 +/- 0.03 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively). In the D group, the animals treated by PDT showed less bone loss (0.29 +/- 0.03 mm(2), 0.24 +/- 0.02 mm(2), and 0.27 +/- 0.06 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively; P <0.05) at all experimental periods than the SRP group (2.27 +/- 0.47 mm(2), 3.23 +/- 0.34 mm(2), and 2.82 +/- 0.75 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), the TBO group (0.51 +/- 0.15 mm(2), 0.44 +/- 0.07 mm(2), and 0.57 +/- 0.13 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively), and the LLLT group (0.37 +/- 0.05 mm(2), 0.35 +/- 0.09 mm(2), and 0.39 +/- 0.12 mm(2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively). CONCLUSION: PDT was a beneficial adjuvant treatment for periodontal diseases induced by bacterial plaque and systemically modified by diabetes mellitus.

Short-term clinical effects of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were included. All teeth received periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing. Using a split-mouth design, two quadrants (test group) were additionally treated with aPDT. Sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at baseline, 1 week and 3 months after treatment. Relative attachment level (RAL), probing depths (PDs) and gingival recession (GR) were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: Baseline median values for PD, GR and RAL were not different in the test group and control group. Values for RAL, PD, SFFR and BOP decreased significantly 3 months after treatment in the control group (median delta RAL: -0.35 mm, inter-quartile range: 0.21 mm), with a higher impact on the sites treated with adjunctive aPDT (median delta RAL: -0.67 mm, inter-quartile range: 0.36 mm, p<0.05). GR increased 3 months after treatment with and without adjunctive aPDT (p<0.05), with no difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic periodontitis, clinical outcomes of conventional subgingival debridement can be improved by adjunctive aPDT.

Localized attachment loss in Pendred syndrome: incidental?

BACKGROUND: Pendred syndrome is a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive disorder with an iodine organification defect of thyroxin produced by the thyroid gland. Its clinical features include sensorineural hearing loss, classically congenital and prelingual, and goiter. METHODS: This is the first case report of Pendred syndrome in the dental literature with oral findings that include localized extensive attachment loss involving mandibular incisor teeth and idiopathic hypercementosis involving multiple teeth in addition to other oral manifestations, suggesting hypothyroidism-like macroglossia and macrocheilia. Furthermore, serum alkaline phosphatase along with inorganic calcium and phosphate levels were also elevated. Peripheral neutrophil function test suggested a defective function of neutrophils. RESULTS: Management of the case included augmenting thyroxin supplementation, in consultation with an endocrinologist, and extraction of hopeless mandibular central incisors followed by placement of immediate transitional dentures. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive medical history and systemic and laboratory evaluations should be considered a prerequisite to identify, manage, and report such rare conditions in routine clinical practice.

Effects of mouthrinses with linseed extract Salinum without/with chlorhexidine on oral conditions in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. A double-blind crossover investigation.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of mouthrinses with salivary replacement substances on oral conditions in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. DESIGN: Cross-over, double-blind study. SETTING: Facilities at the Centre for Oral Health Sciences, Malmö University and at Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two patients with Sjogren's syndrome. INTERVENTION: Linseed extract Salinum alone (Sal) or with addition of chlorhexidine (Sal/Chx) was used for mouthrinsing during 3-week periods of rinsings separated by a 3-week "wash-out" period. MEASUREMENTS: Recordings of percentages of sites with dental plaque and bleeding on probing, mirror friction test and microbiological analyses. Questionnaire on oral symptoms due to reduced salivation. RESULTS: Dental plaque and bleeding on probing were reduced after Sal and after Sal/Chx. Friction was reduced after both treatments. No significant differences for counts of studied microbial groups were seen after Sal but the total anaerobically cultured microorganisms and of mutans streptococci fell after Sal/Chx (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Symptoms of oral dryness improved following Sal and Sal/Chx (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). Speaking problems and burning mouth symptoms improved after use of Sal (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Positive effects on symptoms in patients with Sjögren's syndrome were seen after use of Salinum without or with chlorhexidine.