Constructing Interfacial Charge Transfer Channels and Electric Field in Violet Phosphorus-Based van der Waals Heterojunction for Phototherapy of Periodontitis.

Periodontitis, a chronic oral disease instigated by bacteria, severely compromises human oral health. The prevailing clinical treatment for periodontitis involves mechanical scraping in conjunction with antibiotics. Phototherapy is employed to rapidly remove the bacteria and achieve periodontitis treatment, effectively circumventing the adverse effects associated with traditional therapies. Constructing 2D/2D van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions is a key strategy for obtaining excellent photocatalytic activity. Herein, a 2D/2D violet phosphorus (VP)/Ti3C2 VDW heterojunction is designed using an interfacial engineering strategy. By constructing an electron transport "bridge" (P-Ti bond) at the heterogeneous interface as an effective transfer channel for photogenerated carriers, a compact monolithic structure between the VP and Ti3C2 phases is formed, and the spatial barrier for electron transfer at the interface is eliminated. Meanwhile, the strong directional built-in electric field induced by the intensive electron-coupling effect at the heterogeneous interface served as an internal driving force, which greatly accelerates the exciton dissociation and charge transfer in the photocatalytic process. These excited photogenerated electrons and holes are trapped by O2 and H2O on the surfaces of Ti3C2 and VP, respectively, and are subsequently catalytically converted to antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The VP/Ti3C2 VDW heterojunction eradicated 97.5% and 98.48% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, by photocatalytic and photothermal effects under visible light for 10 min. The VP/Ti3C2 nanoperiodontal dressing ointment effectively attenuated inflammatory response, reduced alveolar bone resorption, and promoted periodontal soft and hard tissue repair. Its periodontitis therapeutic effect outperforms the clinically used Periocline.

Laser Therapy Effects on Periodontal Status: A Randomized Study Using Gaussian Network Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Background and Objectives: This paper aims to assess the role of laser therapy in periodontitis through an innovative approach involving computational prediction and advanced modeling performed through network analysis (Gaussian graphical models-GGMs) and structural equations (SEM). Materials and Methods: Forty patients, exhibiting periodontal pockets with a minimum depth of 5 mm, were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a laser group. Four specific indicators were measured for each tooth, namely periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI), and the mean of six measured values was recorded at five time markers (baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years). The assessment algorithm included enrollment, measurements, and differential non-surgical periodontal treatment, according to the group allocation. Scaling, root planing, and chlorhexidine 1% were conducted for the control group, and scaling, root planing and erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,CR:YSGG) laser therapy were conducted for the laser group. Results: The main results highlight that the addition of laser treatment to scaling and root planing led to notable clinical improvements, decreasing the PPD values, reducing the BOP scores, and increasing the CAL. Conclusions: Notable relationships between the specific indicators considered were highlighted by both the GGMs and by SEM, thus confirming their suitability as proxies for the success of periodontal treatment.

Assessing the association between tea intake and risk of dental caries and periodontitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Tea is an indispensable beverage in people's daily life. However, the relationship between tea intake and dental caries and periodontitis is controversial. We extracted datasets for tea intake and oral diseases from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted by the UK Biobank and the Gene Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium. We selected 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with tea intake as instrumental variables (IVs) (P < 5.0 × 10-8). Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to investigate the potential causality between tea intake and caries and periodontitis. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were utilized to estimate causal effects of tea intake on risk of caries and periodontitis after adjusting for smoking, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that higher tea intake was suggestively associated with fewer natural teeth (ß = - 0.203; 95% CI = 0.680 to 0.980; P = 0.029) and higher risk of periodontitis (OR = 1.622; 95% CI = 1.194 to 2.205; P = 0.002). After Bonferroni correction, the causality of tea intake on periodontitis remained significant. The significance of periodontitis disappeared after adjusting for the socioeconomic factors in MVMR (OR = 1.603; 95% CI = 0.964 to 2.666; P = 0.069). Tea intake had no association with risk of caries. Statistical insignificance of the heterogeneity test and pleiotropy test supported the validity of the MR study. Our results provide insight into the potential relationship between tea intake and oral diseases from a dietary lifestyle perspective, which may help prevent oral diseases.

Preventive effects of systemic Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. administration on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress in rats with experimental periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic administration of P. eurycarpa Yalt. plant extract on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress biomarkers in gingival tissue in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. METHODOLOGY: 32 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into four groups (n=8): Healthy control (HC), Experimental periodontitis control (EPC), Experimental periodontitis 400 mg/kg (EP400), Experimental periodontitis 800 mg/kg (EP800). Experimental periodontitis was induced using the ligating method. Distilled water was administered to the HC and EPC groups and the plant extract was administered to the EP400 and EP800 groups by oral gavage at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. The values of glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismustase (SOD), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-10 (IL-10), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in the gingival tissues were analyzed by ELISA tests. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT images of the maxilla. RESULTS: Although the IL-1ß, TOS, OSI results of the healthy control group were lower than those of the other groups, the TAS values were higher (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the biochemical parameters among the EPC, EP400, and EP800 groups (p>0.05). Alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced in the extract groups compared to the EPC group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the systemic P. eurycarpa extract application reduced alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the beneficial effects of P. eurycarpa.

Low-level laser therapy alleviates periodontal age-related inflammation in diabetic mice via the GLUT1/mTOR pathway.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic age-related disease that was recently found as a secondary aging pattern regulated by the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The purpose of this study is to detect the potential efficacy and the specific mechanisms of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) healing of age-related inflammation (known as inflammaging) in diabetic periodontitis. Diabetic periodontitis (DP) mice were established by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection and oral P. gingivalis inoculation. Low-level laser irradiation (810 nm, 0.1 W, 398 mW/cm2, 4 J/cm2, 10 s) was applied locally around the periodontal lesions every 3 days for 2 consecutive weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain was analyzed for periodontal soft tissue and alveolar bone. Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the protein expression changes on SASP and GLUT1/mTOR pathway. The expression of aging-related factors and SASP including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-6 were reduced in periodontal tissue of diabetic mice. The inhibitory effect of LLLT on GLUT1/mTOR pathway was observed by detecting the related factors mTOR, p-mTOR, GLUT1, and PKM2. COX, an intracytoplasmic photoreceptor, is a key component of the anti-inflammatory effects of LLLT. After LLLT treatment a significant increase in COX was observed in macrophages in the periodontal lesion. Our findings suggest that LLLT may regulate chronic low-grade inflammation by modulating the GLUT1/mTOR senescence-related pathway, thereby offering a potential treatment for diabetic periodontal diseases.

Integrated microbiome and metabolomics revealed the protective effect of baicalin on alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging.

BACKGROUND: With the growing aging population and longer life expectancy, periodontitis and tooth loss have become major health concerns. The gut microbiota, as a key regulator in bone homeostasis, has gathered immense interest. Baicalin, a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE: This study investigated, for the first time, the protective mechanism of baicalin against alveolar bone inflammatory resorption in aging mice by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites, as well as intestinal barrier function. METHODS: A ligature-induced periodontitis model was established in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, and baicalin was administered at different dosages for 13 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin were evaluated using serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. The immune capability was assessed by thymus and spleen indices. Histopathological changes were observed in the heart, liver, ileum, and periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone absorption of maxillary second molars was examined, and osteoclasts were counted by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Furthermore, fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics to identify differences in intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites. RESULTS: Baicalin exhibited anti-aging properties, as evidenced by increased SOD activity and decreased levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum compared to the control group. Baicalin also ameliorated alveolar bone loss in the d-gal-induced aging-periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, baicalin restored ileal permeability by up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in aging-periodontitis groups (p < 0.05). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that baicalin-treated mice harbored a higher diversity of gut microbe. PCoA and ANOSIM results revealed significant dissimilarity between groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, which decreased in periodontitis mice, was restored by baicalin treatment. Additionally, medium-dosage baicalin promoted the production of beneficial flavonoids, and enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria. CONCLUSION: Intestinal homeostasis is a potential avenue for treating age-related alveolar bone loss. Baicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteo-protective properties by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.

Does crocin create new hope for the treatment of oral problems? A focus on periodontitis.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, oral health has an indispensable role in the maintenance of human public health. However, oral problems, especially periodontitis, are known as bad players in this issue. Periodontitis, as the most prevalent oral disease, is a type of chronic illness mediated by bacterial pathogens and immune system reactions, which is linked with the destruction of tooth-protecting tissues, such as alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Periodontitis has a high prevalence (over 40% in the United States) and can be associated with other systemic ailments, for instance, arthritis, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, cancer, respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The common treatments for periodontitis are classified into invasive (surgical) and noninvasive (antibiotic therapy, scaling, and root planning) methods; however, these therapies have not reflected enough effectiveness for related patients. New documents inform the beneficial effects of plant-based compounds in healing various disorders, like periodontitis. In conjunction with this subject, it has been revealed that crocin, as an active component of saffron, regulates the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and has a stroking role in the accumulation of the most common collagen in teeth and bone (type 1 collagen). Besides, this carotenoid compound possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, which can be associated with the therapeutic processes of crocin in this oral disease. Hence, this narrative review study was performed to reflect the reparative/regenerative aspects of crocin agonist periodontitis.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct treatment of periodontitis, MRONJ, and ONJ: a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the available prospective literature on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for periodontal conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive electronic and manual search was performed to identify clinical studies on adult patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for periodontal treatments. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Dentistry Oral Sciences Source databases. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were included in the final literature review, of which five were RCTs and 11 were prospective clinical studies. Four studies discussed HBO as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis, eight reported on HBO and osteoradionecrosis, and one examined HBO in bisphosphonate-related necrosis of the jaws. CONCLUSIONS: HBO has shown superior efficacy compared to antibiotics as a prophylactic measure in preventing osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in patients with a history of high mandibular irradiation. Clinicians should consider referring such patients for HBO therapy before and after tooth extractions. However, for the surgical excision of existing ORN lesions, HBO therapy does not yield significant benefits but does not negatively impact outcomes either. Regarding the treatment of periodontitis patients, the variability among studies prevents definitive conclusions. HBO therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis treatment produces mixed results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study's clinical relevance lies in its exploration of the potential benefits of HBO for periodontal conditions. Also, it provides clinicians with insights into when and how to integrate HBO therapy into their treatment approaches, particularly for patients with a history of irradiation and those undergoing complex dental procedures.

A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acid improves periodontitis and tissue destruction by MMP2- and MMP9-linked inflammation in a murine model.

Periodontitis is an oral-cavity inflammatory disease and is the principal cause associated with tooth loss. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are important proteases involved in periodontal tissue destruction. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been demonstrated to possess immunoregulatory properties in periodontitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA on inflammation and on the expression of MMP-2 and -9 in a murine periodontitis model. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control mice (Control), control mice treated with ω-3 PUFA (O3), mice with periodontitis (P), and mice with periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFA (P + O3). ω-3 PUFA were administered orally once a day for 70 days. Periodontitis in mice was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected ligature placement around the second maxillary molar. The mice were sacrificed, and blood and maxillary samples were collected. Flow cytometry was used to quantify tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and -9 were performed. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test. Histological analysis showed that ω-3 PUFA supplementation prevented inflammation and tissue destruction and revealed that bone destruction was more extensive in the P group than in the P + O3 group (p < 0.05). Also, it decreased the serum expressions of TNFα and IL-2 and the tissue expression of MMP-2 and -9 in the periodontitis-induced model (p < 0.05). ω-3 PUFA supplementation prevented alveolar bone loss and periodontal destruction, probably by decreasing the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and its immunoregulatory properties.

Study of Herbs Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale and Periodontitis.

INTRODUCTION: The Chinese traditional herbs Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale are considered to have potential to ameliorate periodontitis, although the possible underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Due to the complex formulation of Chinese herbs, it is important to understand the mechanisms of pharmacologic effects of traditional herbs for better application in modern medical treatment. METHODS: Network pharmacology was applied to explore the mechanism of Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale. First we analysed their chemical ingredients using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and identified 20 active ingredients. Then we analysed the target genes of these 20 active ingredients as well as genes associated with periodontitis and found 74 co-target genes. We further analysed the protein-protein interaction network of these 74 co-target genes using the STRING database and enriched the pathways using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. RESULTS: The top 10 core targets elicited were vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interlukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1). Using these a network of "herbs-ingredients-targetgenes-KEGG pathways." was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: The target and bioprocess network suggested that the pharmacologic effects of Cortex Moutan, Poria cocos, and Alisma orientale may be mainly dependent on their anti-inflammatory potential. Further work is required to eucidate their detailed mechanisms of activity.

Photodynamic therapy adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy: Systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on whether adjuvant application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) through the technique of irradiation in the external region of the periodontal pocket with optic-fibre tip offers benefits to scaling and root planning (SRP). METHODS: Five databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre-specified eligibility criteria up to April 2023. No restrictions regarding date of publication, language and minimum follow-up period were imposed. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used for quality appraisal and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for assessing the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 1388 publications were identified and reviewed for eligibility. Four of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The sample consisted of a total of 83 patients with periodontitis. In these, 330 periodontal sites were evaluated. The clinical findings of the majority of the included studies demonstrated that patients who received the association of aPDT + RAR with the protocol evaluated here, obtained clinical results similar to patients who received only the SRP alone. In none of the evaluated RCTs, clinical advantages were observed that would categorise this aPDT protocol as superior to conventional treatment. CONCLUSION: Applying aPDT after SRP with external irradiation of the periodontal pocket does not seem to result in any clinical benefit compared to the use of SRP alone in patients with periodontitis.

Effect of a multinutrient supplement as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a multinutrient supplement as an add-on therapy to scaling and root planing for patients with periodontitis. METHODS: Forty-two patients with stage III or IV periodontitis were randomly allocated to a 2-month treatment of either a multinutrient supplement containing vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, alpha-lipoic-acid, cranberry extract, grapeseed extract, and coenzyme Q10 or placebo capsules as an adjunct to conservative periodontal therapy. Periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth, gingival recession, bleeding on probing, approximal plaque index, and papillary bleeding index, were assessed. Clinical attachment loss, periodontal inflamed surface area, periodontal epithelial surface area, and percentages of pocket sites with ≤3, ≤4, ≥5, ≥6, ≥7, and ≥4 mm with bleeding on probing were calculated. RESULTS: All clinical parameters significantly improved from baseline to reevaluation within each group (p < 0.05). Multinutrient intake resulted in a significantly higher reduction of probing-pocket-depth (-0.75 ± 0.42 mm) and bleeding-on-probing (-21.9 ± 16.1%) from baseline to reevaluation compared with placebo (-0.51 ± 0.30 mm, p = 0.040 and -12.5 ± 9.8%, p = 0.046, respectively). All periodontal parameters showed insignificantly higher improvements in patients receiving the supplement compared with those receiving the placebo (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multinutrient supplementation as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis showed some additional benefit regarding probing-pocket-depth and bleeding-on-probing. However, the clinical relevance needs to be further explored.

Yunnan Baiyao Inhibits Periodontitis by Suppressing the Autophagic Flux.

BACKGROUND: Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have suggested that YNBY plays a significant role in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and autophagy, which are essential processes in inflammation and bone resorption associated with periodontitis. However, the precise relationship between autophagy and the mechanism by which YNBY inhibits osteoclastogenesis remains unexplored.The primary objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of YNBY on the process of osteoclastogenesis and its potential in preventing inflammatory bone loss. METHODS: The animals were subjected to sacrifice at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks postintervention whilst under deep anaesthesia, and specimens were subsequently collected. The specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, in addition to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and subsequently imaged employing a digital scanner. The confirmation of osteoclast (OC) differentiation and autophagic flux was achieved through various techniques, including western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TRAP staining, pit formation assay, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The microcomputed tomography images provided evidence of the effective inhibition of alveolar bone absorption at 2, 4, and 6 weeks following YNBY treatment. Additionally, the histomorphometric evaluations of tissue segments stained with HE and TRAP, which involved measuring the distance between the alveolar bone crest (ABC) and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and quantifying TRAP-positive OCs, yielded comparable results to those obtained through computed tomography analysis. YNBY treatment resulted in a decrease in the CEJ-ABC distance and inhibition of OC differentiation. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that the autophagy modulators rapamycin (RAP) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly affected OC differentiation and function. YNBY attenuated the impact of RAP on the differentiation of OCs, autophagy-related factor activation, and bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesise that YNBY suppresses the differentiation of OC and bone resorption by blocking autophagy. This study reveals that targeting autophagy might be a new alternative treatment methodology for periodontitis treatment.

Flavonoid extract from propolis alleviates periodontitis by boosting periodontium regeneration and inflammation resolution via regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and RANK/NF-κB pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional Chinese medicine, propolis has been used for treating oral diseases for centuries, widely. Flavonoid extract is the main active ingredient in propolis, which has attracted extensive attention in recent years. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective and novelty of the current study aims to identify the mechanism of total flavonoid extract of propolis (TFP) for the treatment of periodontitis, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of TFP-loaded liquid crystal hydrogel (TFP-LLC) in rats with periodontitis. METHODS: In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to construct in vitro inflammation model, and investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of TFP by expression levels of inflammatory factors. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. Meanwhile, the expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) etc, were quantitated to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of TFP. Finally, we constructed TFP-LLC using a self-emulsification method and administered it to rats with periodontitis via periodontal pocket injection to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The therapeutic index, microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), H&E staining, TRAP staining, and Masson staining were used for this evaluation. RESULTS: TFP reduced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and inflammatory factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PDLSCs. Meanwhile, TFP simultaneously regulating alkaline phosphatase, RANK, runt-associated transcription factor-2 and matrix metalloproteinase production to accelerate osteogenic differentiation and collagen secretion. In addition, TFP-LLC can stably anchor to the periodontal lesion site and sustainably release TFP. After four weeks of treatment with TFP-LLC, we observed a decrease in the levels of NF-κB and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in the periodontal tissues of rats, as well as a significant reduction in inflammation in HE staining. Similarly, Micro CT results showed that TFP-LLC could significantly inhibit alveolar bone resorption, increase bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce trabecular bone space (Tb.Sp) in rats with periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Collectively, we have firstly verified the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of TFP in PDLSCs for periodontitis treatment. Our results indicate that TFP perform anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activities through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and RANK/NF-κB pathways in PDLSCs. Meanwhile, for the first time, we employed LLC delivery system to load TFP for periodontitis treatment. The results showed that TFP-LLC could be effectively retained in the periodontal pocket and exerted a crucial role in inflammation resolution and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Systemic ciprofloxacin treatment of multidrug-resistant Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis.

An adult periodontitis patient treated with mechanical/surgical therapy experienced gingival necrosis and granulomas post-treatment. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a tissue-invasive pathogen, was recovered and multidrug-resistant but susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Systemic ciprofloxacin eliminated A. actinomycetemcomitans with marked clinical improvement. Ciprofloxacin may be prescribed for A. actinomycetemcomitans periodontal infection unresponsive to the common amoxicillin-metronidazole treatment.

Molecular Mechanism of the Asarum-Angelica Drug Pair in the Treatment of Periodontitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.

(1) To examine the potential mechanism of the Asarum-Angelica drug pair against periodontitis and provide an experimental basis for the treatment of periodontitis with herbal medicine. (2) The core components and core targets of the Asarum-Angelica drug pair in the treatment of periodontitis were detected according to network pharmacology methods. Finally, the effect of the Asarum-Angelica drug pair on osteogenic differentiation was observed in mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells. (3) According to the results of network pharmacology, there are 10 potential active ingredients in the Asarum-Angelica drug pair, and 44 potential targets were obtained by mapping the targets with periodontitis treatment. Ten potential active ingredients, such as kaempferol and ß-sitosterol, may play a role in treating periodontitis. Cell experiments showed that the Asarum-Angelica drug pair can effectively promote the expression of osteoblast markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), and BCL2 mRNA and protein in an inflammatory environment (p < 0.05). (4) Network pharmacology effectively analyzed the molecular mechanism of Asarum-Angelica in the treatment of periodontitis, and the Asarum-Angelica drug pair can promote the differentiation of osteoblasts.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS COULD BE USED AS AN ADJUNCT THERAPY TO NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENT.

ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Castro Dos Santos NC, Furukawa MV, Oliveira-Cardoso I, Cortelli JR, Feres M, Van Dyke T, Rovai ES. Does the use of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy provide additional benefits in the treatment of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res. 2022 Jun;57(3):435-447. doi: 10.1111/jre.12984. Epub 2022 Mar 3. PMID: 35243637. SOURCE OF FUNDING: This study was funded by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) under awards 2020/05875-9 (to NCCS), 2020/05874-2 (to MF), and 2019/14846-5 (to ESR). TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adjuvant effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats undergoing chemotherapy.

Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU.108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS - systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU - systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP - systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions.

The mechanism of the Shuang Bai Su Qing recipe in treating periodontitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

AIM: To explore the material basis of action of the Shuang Bai Su Qing recipe in the treatment of periodontitis using network pharmacology. METHODS: Using TCMSP, we screened the chemical components of 5 drugs. The components were input into the UniProt and PubChem databases to obtain target proteins; Genecards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and CEO databases were used to screen target proteins for periodontal disease. The targets were imported into the Cytoscape software to obtain intersecting targets, and conduct visual analysis to build the PPI network. The intersecting targets were then input into the Matescape database and subjected to biological process (BP) analysis, molecular function (MF) analysis, cell component (CC) analysis, and KEGG enrichment analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven TCM chemical components were obtained, with 198 target proteins associated with drugs and 2587 target proteins for periodontitis. Ten core targets were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis yielded results for 20 BP, 11 MF, and 10 CC. KEGG analysis revealed that the main mechanisms of action were related to MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that luteolin strongly bind to TNF, IL6, and IL1B target proteins. CONCLUSION: The mechanism underlying the treatment of periodontitis with the recipe formula may be closely related to multiple targets in the MAPK signaling pathway.

An injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel with nano-aided NIR-II phototherapeutic and chemical effects for periodontal antibacteria and bone regeneration.

Periodontitis is a common public health problem worldwide and an inflammatory disease with irregular defect of alveolar bone caused by periodontal pathogens. Both antibacterial therapy and bone regeneration are of great importance in the treatment of periodontitis. In this study, injectable and thermosensitive hydrogels with 3D networks were used as carriers for controlled release of osteo-inductive agent (BMP-2) and Near Infrared Region-II (NIR-II) phototherapy agents (T8IC nano-particles). T8IC nano-particles were prepared by reprecipitation and acted as photosensitizer under 808 nm laser irradiation. Besides, we promoted photodynamic therapy (PDT) through adding H2O2 to facilitate the antibacterial effect instead of increasing the temperature of photothermal therapy (PTT). Hydrogel + T8IC + Laser + BMP-2 + H2O2 incorporated with mild PTT (45 °C), enhanced PDT and sustained release of BMP-2. It was present with excellent bactericidal effect, osteogenic induction and biosafety both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, immunohistochemistry staining and micro-CT analyses had confirmed that PTT and PDT could promote bone regeneration through alleviating inflammation state. Altogether, this novel approach with synergistic antibacterial effect, anti-inflammation and bone regeneration has a great potential for the treatment of periodontitis in the future.