ABSTRACT
Phosphorus, or phosphate, is the body's major intracellular anion involved in numerous biological processes. Most phosphate is intracellular, with the remaining amount contained within soft tissues and the extracellular space. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, calcitonin, and phosphatonins regulate normal phosphate homeostasis by adjusting renal and/or gastrointestinal absorption and/or excretion. Hypophosphatemia occurs secondary to decreased gastrointestinal absorption, transcellular shifts, increased renal excretion, or some combination of these general mechanisms. Hyperphosphatemia results from decreased renal excretion, increased intake or iatrogenic administration, transcellular shifts, or some combination of these.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Dog Diseases , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/etiology , Cat Diseases/therapy , Cats , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/etiology , Dog Diseases/therapy , Dogs , Phosphates/pharmacology , Phosphorus/pharmacology , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/etiology , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/therapy , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Phosphorus (P) homeostasis in ruminants has received increased attention over the past decades. Although environmental concerns associated with excessive P excretion in cattle manure have led to incentives to lower dietary P intake, hypophosphatemia-particularly in the periparturient dairy cow-has been associated with conditions, such as the downer cow syndrome or postparturient hemoglobinuria. The objective of this article is to revisit current understanding of P homeostasis in ruminants, to discuss the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of P balance disorders, and to review different treatment approaches to correct imbalances of the body's P equilibrium.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/drug therapy , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Phosphorus/metabolism , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Homeostasis , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/metabolismABSTRACT
Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep are affected by a disease, characterized by emaciation, lameness, stiffness in the gait, enlargement of the costochondral junctions, and abnormal curvature in the long bones. The objective of this study was to determine possible relationships between the disease and mineral deficiencies. Samples of tissue and blood were collected from affected and unaffected sheep. Samples of soil and forage were collected from affected and unaffected areas. The samples were used for biochemical analyses and mineral nutrient measurements. Results showed that phosphorus (P) concentrations in forage samples from affected areas were significantly lower than those from unaffected areas (P < 0.01) and the mean ratio of calcium (Ca) to P in the affected forage was 12:1. Meanwhile, P concentrations of blood, bone, tooth, and wool from the affected sheep were also significantly lower than those from the unaffected group (P < 0.01). Serum P levels of the affected animals were much lower than those of the unaffected ones, whereas serum alkaline phosphatase levels from the affected were significantly higher than those from the unaffected (P < 0.01). Inorganic P levels of the affected sheep were about half of those in the control group. Oral administration of disodium hydrogen phosphate prevented and cured the disease. The study clearly demonstrated that the disease of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep was mainly caused by the P deficiency in forage, as a result of fenced pasture and animal habitat fragmentation.
Subject(s)
Phosphates/therapeutic use , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Poaceae/chemistry , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/metabolism , Soil/chemistry , Animals , Bone and Bones/chemistry , Calcium/analysis , China/epidemiology , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Phosphorus/analysis , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/epidemiology , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/metabolism , Sheep , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/veterinary , Tooth/chemistry , Treatment Outcome , Wool/chemistryABSTRACT
Se ha estudiado el efecto de la evolución de la anemia ferropénica nutricional sobre la utilización digestiva y metabólica de fósforo en tres periodos 20, 30 y 40 días. Los animales de experimentación han sido 48 ratas macho de la raza Wistar albina que se dividieron en 6 grupos: tres grupos controles(C) y tres grupos ferrodeficientes (FD) que recibieron una dieta AIN 93G con contenido normal (45mg Fe/kg dieta) o con un bajo contenido de hierro (5 mg/Fe Kg dieta) respectivamente durante 20, 30 ó 40 días. Se ha encontrado un aumento significativo en la utilización digestiva y metabólica de fósforo en el transcurso de la anemia ferropénica nutricional, efecto que se va haciendo más patente a medida que evoluciona la ferrodeficiencia. Este incremento en la utilización nutritiva de fósforo es debido principalmente al mecanismo pasivo de absorción de fósforo que opera principalmente en el yeyuno-íleon y es predominante en situación de anemia ferropénica nutricional(AU)
The evolution of the nutritional iron deficiency anemia on the digestive and metabolic utilization of phosphorus has been studied during three periods: 20, 30 and 40 days. 48 male Wistar albino breedrats were divided in 6 groups: three control groups (C) and three Fe-deficient groups (FD) receiving AIN 93G with normal-Fe content (45 mg /kg diet) or with a low-Fe content (5 mg/Kg diet) respectively during 20, 30 ó 40 days. A significant increase in the digestive and metabolic utilization of phosphorus has been found in the course of the nutritional iron deficiency anemia, effect that become more pronounced as the ferrodeficiency is instaured. This increase in the nutritive utilization of phosphorus is due mainly to the passive mechanism of phosphorus absorption which operates principally in the jejunum-ileum and is predominant in situation of nutritional iron deficiency anemia(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/diet therapy , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Phosphorus, Dietary/therapeutic use , Phosphorus Compounds/therapeutic use , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diet therapy , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/veterinary , Iron/therapeutic use , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Control GroupsABSTRACT
An atypical case of severe soft-tissue mineralization in a 3-week-old foal from a herd of Andalusian horses is described. The herd clinical history and the laboratory findings were compatible with a diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to a mineral imbalance in the diet (low calcium and high phosphorus intake). Mares showed a marked increase in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) approximately 10 times normal levels. Serum PTH was marginally elevated in foals. Clinical signs (unthriftiness, painful joints, lameness in one or more limbs, and stiff gait) were more pronounced in foals than in mares. Two foals died and necropsy of one of them revealed extensive soft-tissue mineralization of arterial walls and pulmonary parenchyma. Clinical signs in mares and foals resolved by 4 weeks after diet adjustment.
Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/pathology , Calcinosis/veterinary , Diet , Horse Diseases/pathology , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/veterinary , Hypocalcemia/veterinary , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Animals , Calcinosis/etiology , Calcinosis/pathology , Calcium/blood , Food Analysis , Horses , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/pathology , Hypocalcemia/complications , Hypocalcemia/pathology , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Phosphorus/blood , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/pathology , SpainABSTRACT
Severe hypophosphatemia (i.e., serum phosphorus concentration below 1 mg/dl) occurs infrequently in veterinary patients. It is most often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in small animals. Phosphate is necessary for the production of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP); both are important for normal cellular metabolism. Consequences of severe hypophosphatemia may include hemolytic anemia, seizures, altered mentation, cardiomyopathy, and skeletal muscle weakness. Parenteral phosphate therapy is necessary in most cases of severe hypophosphatemia.
Subject(s)
Phosphates/blood , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Phosphorus/metabolism , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate , Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis , Animals , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Cardiomyopathies/veterinary , Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary , Diphosphoglyceric Acids/biosynthesis , Hematologic Diseases/etiology , Hematologic Diseases/veterinary , Humans , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Muscular Diseases/etiology , Muscular Diseases/veterinary , Phosphates/administration & dosage , Phosphates/therapeutic use , Phosphorus/deficiency , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
Pintinhos de um dia da linhagem Cobb foram distribuidosem 6 grupos experimentais com 4 repeticoes, sendo 2 de cada sexo. Cada grupo recebeu Arsenicum album 30 CH, nosodio P.B.S. 30 CH, Calcarea phosphorica 30 CH, Arsenicum album + nosodio P.B.S. 30 CH e Colibacillinum C200, respectivamente e o ultimo grupo foi o controle que recebeu agua. Estes animais foram tratados com racao de milho e farelo, "ad libidum" e receberam os tratamentos na agua de beber. No decorrer da experimentacao, as aves apresentaram a sindrome da oeteodistrofia fibrosa por baixa disponibilidade de calcio e fosforo, na racao. Porem, as aves tratadas com Calcarea phosphorica 30 CH tiveram o seu peso dentro do normal, nao apresentando sintomas caracteristicos da deficiencia de fosforo. Por outro lado, os outros grupos nao foram beneficiados pelos tratamentos recebidos apresentando deficiencia no dsenvolvimento e ganho do peso
Subject(s)
Animals , Basic Homeopathic Research , Calcarea Phosphorica , Colibacillinum , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Arsenicum Album , Calcium Metabolism Disorders/prevention & control , Calcium Metabolism Disorders/veterinary , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/prevention & control , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
Pintinhos de um dia da linhagem Cobb foram distribuidosem 6 grupos experimentais com 4 repeticoes, sendo 2 de cada sexo. Cada grupo recebeu Arsenicum album 30 CH, nosodio P.B.S. 30 CH, Calcarea phosphorica 30 CH, Arsenicum album + nosodio P.B.S. 30 CH e Colibacillinum C200, respectivamente e o ultimo grupo foi o controle que recebeu agua. Estes animais foram tratados com racao de milho e farelo, "ad libidum" e receberam os tratamentos na agua de beber. No decorrer da experimentacao, as aves apresentaram a sindrome da oeteodistrofia fibrosa por baixa disponibilidade de calcio e fosforo, na racao. Porem, as aves tratadas com Calcarea phosphorica 30 CH tiveram o seu peso dentro do normal, nao apresentando sintomas caracteristicos da deficiencia de fosforo. Por outro lado, os outros grupos nao foram beneficiados pelos tratamentos recebidos apresentando deficiencia no dsenvolvimento e ganho do peso