ABSTRACT
A pilomatrixoma is a benign skin tumor common in children, which develops from the matrix cells of hair follicles. It presents as a nodule or tumor of approximately 0.5-3 cm in size, with calcium-like consistency, faceted edges, and blue erythematous overlying skin. Sometimes, the skin may atrophy and look like a blister or even extrude calcium. Diagnosis is suspected based on the typical clinical presentation and supplementary imaging tests. The definite diagnosis is made according to histological findings. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice. Here we describe the epidemiological and clinical data, supplementary tests, and surgical techniques in relation to 149 pilomatrixomas resected in 137 patients treated at the Departments of Dermatology of two children's hospitals: Dr. Pedro de Elizalde and Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan.
El pilomatrixoma es un tumor benigno cutáneo, de frecuente aparición en los niños, que se origina en las células de la matriz del folículo piloso. Se presenta como un nódulo o tumor, aproximadamente, de 0,5 a 3 cm de tamaño, de consistencia cálcica, de bordes facetados, con piel suprayacente eritematoazulada. En ocasiones, la piel puede atrofiarse, dar la apariencia de una ampolla e, incluso, extruir material cálcico. El diagnóstico se sospecha por la presentación clínica característica y los estudios de imágenes complementarios. El diagnóstico definitivo es por los hallazgos histológicos. La extirpación quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección. Se presentan los datos epidemiológicos, clínicos, estudios complementarios y técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas de 149 pilomatrixomas resecados en 137 pacientes tratados en los Servicios de Dermatología de los hospitales de pediatría Dr. Pedro de Elizalde y Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan.
Subject(s)
Hair Diseases/diagnosis , Pilomatrixoma/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hair Diseases/epidemiology , Hair Diseases/surgery , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Infant , Male , Pilomatrixoma/epidemiology , Pilomatrixoma/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Pilomatricoma is a common and benign skin tumor of childhood arising from the hair follicle matrix. It is an often misunderstood adnexal tumor, confused with other skin lesions. The most common sites of pilomatricome are the head and the neck. The aim of this study was to report a series of 22 cases with unusual forms collected in the dermatology department from January 2006 to May 2015. The study included 16 women and 6 men. The average age was 23.3 years (4- 80 years). Cervicofacial location was observed in 12 cases, 2 patients had multiple locations, a 4 year-old boy had frontotemporal location, a 14 year-old girl had face and forearm location and a 48 year-old patient had subungual location. Clinical features were typical in all cases, with subcutaneous nodules with a stony-hard consistency. All patients underwent excision of nodules under local anesthesia. Histological study supported a completely excised Malherbe's mummified tumor without malignancy. No patients relapsed. The originality of our study lies in the presence of exceptional locations in laterovertebral region, on limbs and in the subungual region and of unusual age of onset (80 year-old) as well as the presence of multiple tumor locations reported in 2 children.
Subject(s)
Hair Diseases/pathology , Hair Follicle/pathology , Pilomatrixoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hair Diseases/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilomatrixoma/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the outcome of bilobed flap (BF) reconstruction of inferior and/or lateral periorbital defects following tumor excision. METHODS: Records of 20 patients who underwent inferior and/or lateral periorbital reconstruction with the BF were reviewed. The surgery was performed with local anesthesia in 18 patients and with general anesthesia in 2. Malignant tumors were excised together with a 4- to 5-mm margin of surrounding skin. Superolaterally based BFs were created from the malar or zygomatic region to cover the defects. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 48 to 86 years (mean, 67 years). Nineteen patients had epithelial carcinoma and 1 had pilomatrixoma. Mean tumor diameter was 16 mm (range, 7-42 mm). Skin defects were located in the inferior (n = 14), lateral (n = 4), or inferolateral (n = 2) periorbital region. The BF was used in combination with the posterior lamella and/or canthus reconstruction techniques in 9 patients. For skin defects, BF was used alone in 17 patients, together with other flaps in 3. Primary closure of the skin defect with the flaps was achieved in 19 patients (95%). Three patients (15%) developed major complications requiring revision surgery (2 canthal webbings, 1 permanent pin-cushion deformity, and 1 ptosis) and 6 patients developed minor temporary complications. Mean follow-up duration was 34 months (range, 9-75 months). CONCLUSIONS: The BF is a valuable alternative for reconstruction of inferior and/or lateral periorbital defects alone or in combination with other eyelid reconstruction methods to achieve good functional and aesthetic outcome.