Islam, assisted reproductive technology and the politics of emergence: When markets and hegemonies collide.

The engagement between markets and cultural hegemonies is shaped by the politics that promote or deny the emergence of fresh legitimations in response to the opportunities offered to consumers by new commodities. In the case of Islam and the assisted reproductive technology (ART) market, core cultural values concerning procreation, family and lineage come into direct conflict with the potential consumer demand generated by new ART technologies. Shaped by the character of multiple Islamic modernities and the authority structures of religion and state, it is the Shi'a-Sunni divide which most illuminates the politics of emergence driving the different Islamic responses to those cultural tensions. In Sunni states the hegemonic challenge of the ART commodity market is contained by the senior clerics, the traditional intellectuals of Islamic authority, often acting in concert with the state apparatus. In contrast, in Shi'a states the flexibility of its religious authority structures underpinned by the principles of ijtihad allows the formation of an alliance between traditional and medical organic intellectuals which facilitates the consumer choice of both ART commodities and legitimating values. However, what remains unresolved is the long-term impact of that trasformismo on the stability of the social structures which the Shi'a moral economy serves.

LH supplementation in IVF: human nature, politics, and elephants in the room.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is present throughout the natural follicular phase. However, the debate is still not settled on whether LH is needed during ovarian stimulation in IVF. This commentary looks at the evolution of this debate, mentioning three elephants in the room that were ignored by the Pharma industry, professional organizations, and clinicians alike: 1. The different endocrinology between the long agonist and the antagonist protocols. 2. The fixed dose of the two most widely commercially available antagonist preparations, namely cetrorelix and ganirelix. 3. The fact that most research in this area uses population-based criteria, ignoring endocrine parameters. Individual genetics of the LH receptor gene may also serve to individualize LH needs during stimulation; however, the jury is still out regarding this approach. CONCLUSIONS: Individual endocrine and genetics parameters may shed meaningful light on the question of LH supplemental during ovarian stimulation.

"At the end of the day, someone done lost their child": A mixed methods analysis of Black families' experiences of the sociopolitical climate.

How Black Americans in the United States (U.S.) make sense of a sociopolitical climate marked by racist imagery, tensions, and police violence is important to understand given the numerously documented detrimental effects of racism-related stress on the well-being of Black parents and children. Informed by Racism-Related Stress Theory, the current study employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design to better understand the ways racism-related stressors in the sociopolitical climate impacted the daily lives and mental health of a sample of Black families with low income. Seventy-eight Black American preadolescents (Mage = 11.0; 43.6% girls) and their parents (79% mothers; 76% living below the U.S. federal poverty level [FPL]) from the southwestern U.S. reported their symptoms of depression and how they had been affected by racial stressors in the sociopolitical climate between Fall 2018 and Summer 2019. A nested sample of 10 parents (80% mothers; 80% living below the FPL) from the quantitative sample also participated in a semi-structured interview. Meta-inferences across methods were drawn pertaining to the influence of child gender on parents' interpretation of effects for children, the toll racism-related stress in the sociopolitical climate takes on Black families, and the transferal of effects on parents to children through parenting and parental depressive symptoms. Findings spotlight the need for policies and family-centered programming that address the racism-related stress faced by many Black youth and their families. Providing families with opportunities and tools that can potentially mitigate harmful effects and foster empowerment could promote positive and lasting change.

Reflexões Sobre o Corpo Estranho e a Política de Morte na Terra Indígena Yanomami / Reflections on the Foreign Body and the Politics of Death on the Yanomami Indigenous Land Yanomami / Reflexiones Sobre el Cuerpo Extraño y las Políticas de la Muerte en la Tierra Indígena Yanomami

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre os conceitos de necropolítica, proposto por Achille Mbembe, e de unheimlich, desenvolvido por Sigmund Freud. Por meio dessa possibilidade de intersecção, coloca-se em análise a situação enfrentada pelos Yanomami no norte do Brasil, na qual diversos indígenas tiveram suas terras invadidas e seus direitos violados, levando-os a uma grave crise sanitária. A presença de uma lógica de gestão necropolítica, na qual corpos que não interessam ao Estado são deixados à margem, coloca em risco populações que não são incluídas no discurso hegemônico neoliberal. No encontro deste discurso com o estranho, pode-se inferir que é produzida uma experiência unheimlich, um deparar-se com o que há de mais incômodo e ao mesmo tempo familiar à sociedade. Reconhecer-se na diferença que há no outro cria um escape pela via da eliminação, faz-se desse corpo o inimigo e, assim, cria-se o respaldo para tirá-lo de cena. Desse modo, esta investigação destaca a necessidade de repensarmos as vias existentes para lidar com a diferença, isto porque, construir uma sociedade em detrimento de determinados grupos que a compõem é destruir também a si mesma.

This article aims to analyze the relationship between the concepts of necropolitics, proposed by Achille Mbembe, and unheimlich, developed by Sigmund Freud. Through this possibility of intersection, the situation faced by the Yanomami in northern Brazil can be analyzed, in which several indigenous people had their lands invaded and their rights violated, leading them to a serious health crisis. The presence of a necropolitical management logic, in which bodies that are not of interest to the State are left on the sidelines, puts populations that are not included in the hegemonic neoliberal discourse at risk. In the encounter between this discourse and the stranger, it can be inferred that an unheimlich experience is produced, an encounter with what is most uncomfortable and at the same time familiar to society. Recognizing oneself in the difference that exists in the other creates an escape through elimination, this body is made the enemy and, thus, the support is created to remove it from the scene. Furthermore, this investigation highlights the need to rethink existing ways of dealing with difference, because building a society to the detriment of certain groups that compose it is also destroying itself.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre los conceptos de necropolítica, propuesto por Achille Mbembe, y unheimlich, desarrollado por Sigmund Freud. A través de esta posibilidad de cruce, es un ejemplo la situación que enfrentan los yanomami en el norte de Brasil, en la que varios indígenas vieron sus tierras invadidas y violados sus derechos, llevándolos a una grave crisis de salud. La presencia de una lógica de gestión necropolítica, en la que se dejan al margen cuerpos que no interesan al Estado, pone en riesgo a poblaciones que no están incluidas en el discurso neoliberal hegemónico. En el encuentro de este discurso con el extraño se puede inferir que se produce una experiencia unheimlich, un encuentro con lo más incómodo ya la vez familiar para la sociedad. Reconocerse en la diferencia que existe en el otro crea una evasión por eliminación, se hace de este cuerpo el enemigo y, así, se crea el soporte para sacarlo de escena. Así, esta investigación destaca la necesidad de repensar las formas existentes de enfrentar la diferencia, porque construir una sociedad en detrimento de ciertos grupos que la componen es también destruirse a sí misma.

Refusing epigenetics: indigeneity and the colonial politics of trauma.

Environmental epigenetics is increasingly employed to understand the health outcomes of communities who have experienced historical trauma and structural violence. Epigenetics provides a way to think about traumatic events and sustained deprivation as biological "exposures" that contribute to ill-health across generations. In Australia, some Indigenous researchers and clinicians are embracing epigenetic science as a framework for theorising the slow violence of colonialism as it plays out in intergenerational legacies of trauma and illness. However, there is dispute, contention, and caution as well as enthusiasm among these research communities.In this article, we trace strategies of "refusal" (Simpson, 2014) in response to epigenetics in Indigenous contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Australia with researchers and clinicians in Indigenous health, we explore how some construct epigenetics as useless knowledge and a distraction from implementing anti-colonial change, rather than a tool with which to enact change. Secondly, we explore how epigenetics narrows definitions of colonial harm through the optic of molecular trauma, reproducing conditions in which Indigenous people are made intelligible through a lens of "damaged" bodies. Faced with these two concerns, many turn away from epigenetics altogether, refusing its novelty and supposed benefit for Indigenous health equity and resisting the pull of postgenomics.

Using the multiple streams model to elicit an initial programme theory: from policy dialogues to a roadmap for scaling up integrated care.

INTRODUCTION: The 'SCale-Up diaBetes and hYpertension care' Project aims to support the scale-up of integrated care for diabetes and hypertension in Cambodia, Slovenia and Belgium through the co-creation, implementation and evaluation of contextualised roadmaps. These roadmaps offer avenues for action and are built on evidence as well as stakeholder engagement in policy dialogues. Roadmaps and policy dialogues are very much intertwined and considered to be key elements for successful stakeholder-supported scale-up in integrated chronic care. Yet, little is known about how, why and under which conditions policy dialogue leads to successful roadmap implementation and scale-up of integrated care. Therefore, this study aims to use a realist approach to elicit an initial programme theory (IPT), using political science theories on the policy process. METHODS: To develop the IPT, information from different sources was collected. First, an exploratory literature review on policy dialogue and scale-up definitions and success factors was performed, identifying theoretical frameworks, empirical (case) studies and realist studies (information gleaning). Second, research workshops on applying theory to the roadmap for scale-up (theory gleaning) were conducted with a multidisciplinary expert team. We used the intervention-context-actors-mechanism-outcome configuration to synthesise information from the sources into a configurational map. RESULTS: The information and theory gleaning resulted into an IPT, hypothesising how policy dialogues can contribute to roadmap success in different policy stages. The IPT draws on political science theory of the multiple streams model adapted by Howlett et al to include five streams (problem, solution, politics, process and programme) that can emerge, converge and diverge across all five policy stages. CONCLUSION: This paper aims to extend the knowledge base on the use of policy dialogues to build a roadmap for scale-up. The IPT describes how (dynamics) and why (theories) co-created roadmaps are expected to work in different policy stages.

Why district assemblies disburse resources to district health systems for service delivery at district level in the context of decentralization: a comparative study of two districts in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Objectives: To explore why the District Assembly disburses financial and other resources to the District Health System. Design: Multiple case study with a single unit of analysis (holistic) using quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection involving a desk review, analysis of routine health management information system data and key informant interviews. Setting: Two districts in the Volta Region of Ghana. Participants: Twelve key officials of each district assembly and the district health system (24 total) who had worked in the district at least a year or more. Interventions: None. Results: Both District Assemblies had moderate decision space which was influenced by their capacity, power and contextual factors like politics, economics, legal and situational factors. Disbursement of financial and other resources to the District Health Systems was influenced by financial capacity, use of power by stakeholders, context and the decision space of the District Assembly. Political actors appeared to have more power in resource disbursement decision making than community members and technocrats in a context of resource constraints and inadequate funding. The funding available was used predominantly for capital investments, mainly construction of Community Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds. Conclusion: It is important to make policies that will regulate the relative power among the political appointees like the District Chief Executives (DCEs), public and civil servants in decentralized departments and agencies and Community members to make resource disbursement more sensitive to communities and decentralized departments.

Integrated Care Policies and Politics in Belgium: Conceptual, Contextual and Governance Linkages for More Effective Integrated Care Policy Management Comment on "Integration or Fragmentation of Health Care? Examining Policies and Politics in a Belgian Case Study".

The study on the management of integrated care (IC) policies in Belgium from Martens et al illustrates the complex process of the political and stakeholder game in a country whose governance is changing as a result of successive state reforms. We argue that the way forward for putting health back at the centre of IC policy design and management is to improve three types of connections. First, the conceptual connections should help to articulate the different IC policies into a coherent overall picture. Second, contextual connections should allow for the adaptation of policies to different country contexts. This requires a new form of governance, ie, a place-based and adaptive form of governance. This can be developed, provided that a third connection, between the different levels of governance, is fully revised.

30 years of American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR): A personal perspective at the intersection of science, politics, and culture.

The American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR) started 30 years ago in 1993 as the American Society for Neural Transplantation (ASNT), with an emphasis on neural transplantation. Through the years, the Society has been shaped as much by our expanding knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders and how to treat them as it has by politics and culture. What once felt like a leash on neuroscience research, has turned into an advantage as neural transplantation evolved into Neural Therapy and Repair. As a Co-Founder this brief commentary provides a personalized account of our research during the Society's years.

Visualizing BDSM and AIDS Activism: Archiving Pleasures, Sanitizing History.

The visual archive of AIDS and fetish activism is a rich resource for studying interlinkages between art and science, activism and public health, politics and medicine, pleasure and sexual health prevention. This article explores AIDS and fetish activism imagery from the first two decades of the Norwegian AIDS crisis. Interrogating the materiality and visual context of images - photographs, posters, flyers, and safer sex instructions - it maps out visualization practices in leather, BDSM and AIDS activism. AIDS and fetish imagery made some bodies, pleasures, and political goals visible - and rendered others unseen. The article explores the materiality of images and their visual, social, and historical context of production, and traces their social biographies and afterlives. Fetish images were vehicles for change and actors co-producing history. They took part in destigmatizing BDSM, challenging psychiatric classification, and creating infrastructure and networks between subcultures, communities, and authorities. The visualization of fetish activism was as much about communication strategies as it was about aesthetic, style, and motive. The politics of visibility in Norwegian fetish activism point to the vulnerable project of fighting for acceptance through "respectability," while preserving the individuality and "otherness" of leather and fetish culture.

Partisanship and anti-elite worldviews as correlates of science and health beliefs in the multi-party system of Spain.

In a national sample of 5087 Spaniards, we examine the prevalence of 10 specific misperceptions over five separate science and health domains (climate change, 5G technology, genetically modified foods, vaccines, and homeopathy). We find that misperceptions about genetically modified foods and general health risks of 5G technology are particularly widespread. While we find that partisan affiliation is not strongly associated with any of the misperceptions aside from climate change, we find that two distinct dimensions of an anti-elite worldview-anti-expert and conspiratorial mindsets-are better overall predictors of having science and health misperceptions in the Spanish context. These findings help extend our understanding of polarization around science beyond the most common contexts (e.g. the United States) and support recent work suggesting anti-elite sentiments are among the most important predictors of factual misperceptions.

First Nations music as a determinant of health in Australia and Vanuatu: political and economic determinants.

This article reports on findings that indicate how First Nations musical activities function as cultural determinants of health. Drawing on early findings from a 3-year Australian Research Council funded project titled The Remedy Project: First Nations Music as a Determinant of Health, we detail Australian and Ni Vanuatu First Nations musicians' reported outcomes of musical activity using a First Nations cultural determinants of health framework. The broader findings indicate that our respondents see musical activity as actively shaping all known domains of cultural health determinants, and some surrounding political and social determinants. However, this paper focusses specifically on the political and economic determinants that emerged in analysis as the most dominant subthemes. We argue that this study provides strong impetus for continued investigation and reconceptualization of the place of music in cultural health determinant models.

This article looks at how making and performing music, recording music and listening to music helps the health of First Nations peoples in Australia and Ni Vanuatu. Music is an important part of the lives of First Nations peoples from these places and so research was done to try to understand why it is meaningful. Music can be used as an outlet for personal feelings, and can also be a way that groups of people can express common concerns. First Nations musicians talked about how music makes them feel, and how music is used to strengthen relationships between people, and between people and their culture. Musicians also talked about how music helps them express their political and economic goals. The findings backed up existing First Nations' models of health that say that health for First Nations People's needs to be thought about in a holistic way. The findings also showed that the relationship between music and health needs to be studied more so that we can better understand how it helps maintain links with the past, gives a guide for the present and opens options for the future.

Integration of Healthcare in Belgium: Insufficient, but There Is Hope Comment on "Integration or Fragmentation of Health Care? Examining Policies and Politics in a Belgian Case Study".

The maturity of integrated care in Belgium is rather low. The reasons are the country's complex organization, a lack of leadership and finances, an abundance of pilot projects, very long implementation and change processes, a healthcare system driven by providers and different cultures of action. However, new projects and ongoing research can help overcome these barriers. The primary care zones in Flanders, the National Hospital Plan and the Federal Plan to support mental health in particular are luxating opportunities. Well planned research is urgently needed to confirm the hope these projects arouse.

Policy by Pilot? Learning From Demonstration Projects for Integrated Care Comment on "Integration or Fragmentation of Health Care? Examining Policies and Politics in a Belgian Case Study".

Analysis of policy implementation for chronic disease in Belgium highlights the difficulties of launching experiments for integrated care in a health system with fragmented governance. It also entreats us to consider the inherent challenges of piloting integrated care for chronic disease. Sociomedical characteristics of chronic disease -political, social, and economic aspects of improving outcomes - pose distinct problems for pilot projects, particularly because addressing health inequity requires collaboration across health and social sectors and a long-term, life-course perspective on health. Drawing on recent US experience with demonstration projects for health service delivery reform and on chronic disease research, I discuss constraints of and lessons from pilot projects. The policy learning from pilots lies beyond their technical evaluative yield. Pilot projects can evince political and social challenges to achieving integrated chronic disease care, and can illuminate overlooked perspectives, such as those of community-based organizations (CBOs), thereby potentially extending the terms of policy debate.

Abordagem de narrativas como método de pesquisa em saúde pública: aproximações conceituais e contribuições da psicanálise / Narrative research in public health: conceptual approximations and contributions from psychoanalysis / Enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación en salud pública: aproximaciones conceptuales y aportaciones del psicoanálisis

Este artigo refere-se à parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, realizada em hospital de alta complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, cujos participantes são os profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o potencial da abordagem das narrativas como método de pesquisa e intervenção nos serviços de saúde, traçando aproximações com a teoria psicanalítica. Sua relevância no campo da Saúde Pública está calcada no reconhecimento do papel do sujeito como agente de mudanças. O texto divide-se em duas partes: na primeira, explora as especificidades do trabalho na área da saúde, o paradigma da saúde pública no que concerne à gestão e possíveis contribuições da clínica ampliada para esse modelo. Na segunda parte, analisa o uso das narrativas como método de pesquisa nesse campo e as aproximações conceituais entre a narrativa em Walter Benjamin e a psicanálise em Freud. Busca na literatura referências sobre experiências análogas que fundamentem a proposta ora realizada e conclui pela importância de, no momento atual, apostar na força germinativa das narrativas como fonte criativa de novas formas de cuidar.(AU)

This article derives from a PhD research conducted with health professionals at a high-complexity public hospital from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It analyzes the potential of the narrative as a research and intervention method in health services, outlining approximations with psychoanalysis. In the field of Public Health, the narrative approach acknowledges the individual as an agent of change. The text is divided into two parts. The first presents an overview of the peculiarities involved in healthcare, the Public Health paradigm regarding service management and possible contributions from the expanded clinic to this model. The second analyzes the use of narratives as a research method in this field and the conceptual approximations between Benjamin's narrative and Freud's psychoanalysis. It searches the literature for references on similar experiences to support the present proposal and concludes by highlighting the importance of betting on the creative power of narratives as a source for new ways to care.(AU)

Este artículo es parte de una investigación doctoral, realizada con los profesionales de la salud de un hospital de alta complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Su propósito es analizar el potencial del enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación e intervención en los servicios de salud, esbozando aproximaciones entre las narrativas y la teoría del psicoanálisis. Su relevancia en el campo de la salud pública se basa en el reconocimiento del rol del sujeto como agente de cambio. El texto se divide en dos partes: La primera investiga las especificidades del trabajo en el área de la salud, el paradigma de la salud pública en la gestión de los servicios y las posibles contribuciones de la clínica ampliada a este modelo. En la segunda parte, analiza el uso de narrativas como método de investigación en este campo y las aproximaciones conceptuales entre la narrativa de Walter Benjamin y el psicoanálisis de Freud. Este estudio busca en la literatura referencias sobre experiencias similares que apoyen la propuesta ahora realizada y concluye con la importancia de, en el momento actual, apostar por el poder de las narrativas como fuente creadora de nuevas formas de cuidar.(AU)

Militância enquanto convite ao diálogo: o caso da militância monodissidente / Activism as an invitation for the dialogue: the case of monodissident activism / La militancia como invitación al diálogo: el caso de la militancia monodisidente

Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.(AU)

This paper is a theoretical production of reflective character that focuses on the relationship between research and activism from the semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology, based on the case of monodissident activism. The notion of monodissent was coined during bisexual activism to refer to an analytical tool of a political-community order that includes all people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to more than one gender. Different conceptions of political-social activism in psychology are opposed: on the one hand, activism is understood from the militant's self-centeredness, linked to a network of exclusions, denials, gatekeeping, and psychological defenses regarding experience; on the other hand, there is a dialogical understanding of activism. Methodologically, the research proposal is based on the field of observant participation, understanding that the researcher is, first, in the condition of a participant in a certain sociocultural field, from which he starts to observe and reflect on phenomena that occur there. We take as an illustration the trajectory of the construction of the monodissident activism of the first author, bringing dialogical tensions to the analysis, discussed with other reflections on the subject. The set of dialogic tensions that emerged in this path was mapped and understood as a process of dialogic multiplication in the encounter of the researcher self with the activist self.(AU)

Este artículo realiza una producción teórica y reflexiva sobre la relación entre investigación y activismo desde el constructivismo semiótico-cultural en Psicología, a partir del caso del activismo monodisidente. La noción de monodisidencia fue acuñada en el transcurso de la militancia bisexual para referirse a una herramienta analítica de orden político-comunitario que incluye a todas las personas que se sienten atraídas sexual y / o románticamente por más de un género. Se contraponen distintas concepciones de la militancia político-social en Psicología: por un lado, la militancia se entiende desde el egocentrismo del militante, vinculado a un entramado de exclusiones, negaciones, sellamientos y defensas psicológicas con relación a la experiencia; por otro, existe una comprensión dialógica de la militancia. La investigación utiliza como metodología la participación del observador, entendiendo que el investigador se encuentra, en primer lugar, en la condición de participante de determinado campo sociocultural, desde donde comienza a observar y reflexionar sobre los fenómenos que allí ocurren. Tomamos como ilustración la trayectoria de la construcción de la militancia monodisidente del primer autor, trayendo tensiones dialógicas al análisis, discutidas con otras reflexiones sobre el tema. El conjunto de tensiones dialógicas que surgieron en este camino se caracteriza y se comprende como un proceso de multiplicación dialógica en el encuentro del self investigador con el self militante.(AU)

Componente curricular projeto de vida: perspectivas de professoras da rede estadual de São Paulo / Curricular component life purpose: perspectives of teachers of the São Paulo state network / Componente curricular proyecto de vida: perspectivas de profesores de la red estadual de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)

This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)

Notas para decolonizar os estudos transpessoais no brasil: contribuições do pluriperspectivismo participativo / Notes for decolonizing transpersonal studies in brazil: contributions of participatory pluriperspectivism / Apuntes para la decolonización de los estudios transpersonales en brasil: aportes del pluriperspectivismo participativo

O campo dos estudos transpessoais tem avançado em diversas áreas no Brasil. Comemorou seus 40 anos com uma inserção ativa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e uma ampliação de núcleos formativos e apoiadores de ensino, pesquisa e ações sociais, além de diálogos com o Sistema de Conselhos de Psicologia. Desafios são apresentados a partir do levantamento de uma série de questões importantes e ignoradas dentro da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil. Apresentamos o pluriperspectivismo participativo como possibilidade de decolonizar as matrizes eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, que dão suporte ao pensamento transpessoal brasileiro, buscando honrar nossas raízes históricas e incluir outras epistemologias e ontologias, que dão continuidade à crítica à lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos uma breve agenda de notas temáticas que carecem de um processo decolonizador no campo transpessoal: a) crítica às perspectivas de um pensamento hegemônico, em termos globais por meio da dominação Norte-Sul ou no campo das relações sociais; b) revisão das formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) questionamento da noção de universalismo das ciências e da ética; d) aprofundamento da análise crítica da supremacia restritiva da racionalidade formal técnico-científica em relação às formas de subjetividade, de vivências holísticas e integradoras e de valorização do corpo; e) revisão da noção de sujeito moderno desprovida da cocriação do humano com a comunidade, a história, a natureza e o cosmos.(AU)

The field of transpersonal studies has advanced in several areas in Brazil. It celebrated its 40th anniversary with an active insertion in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and an expansion of training centers and supporters of teaching, research, and social actions, in addition to dialogues with the System of Councils of Psychology. Challenges are presented based on a survey of a series of important and ignored issues within Transpersonal Psychology in Brazil. We present participatory pluriperspectivism as a possibility to decolonize the Eurocentric and North American matrices that support Brazilian transpersonal thought, seeking to honor our historical roots and include other epistemologies and ontologies, which continue the critique of modern Cartesian logic. We indicate a brief agenda of thematic notes that lack a decolonizing process in the transpersonal field: a) criticism of the perspectives of a hegemonic thought, whether in global terms via North-South domination or in the field of social relations; b) review of the forms of "centrocentrism"; c) questioning of the notion of universalism of science and ethics; d) deepening of the critical analysis of the restrictive supremacy of the technical-scientific formal rationality in relation to the forms of subjectivity, of holistic and integrative experiences, and of valuing the body; e) review of the notion of the modern subject devoid of the co-creation of the human with the community, the history, the nature, and the cosmos.(AU)

El campo de los estudios transpersonales ha avanzado en varias áreas de Brasil. Se celebró su 40.º aniversario con una inserción activa en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y una ampliación de los centros de formación y promotores de la docencia, la investigación y la acción social, además de diálogos con el Sistema de Consejos de Psicología. Los desafíos se presentan a partir de una encuesta de una serie de temas importantes e ignorados dentro de la Psicología Transpersonal en Brasil. Presentamos el pluriperspectivismo participativo como una posibilidad para decolonizar las matrices eurocéntrica y americana, que sustentan el pensamiento transpersonal brasileño, buscando honrar nuestras raíces históricas e incluir otras epistemologías y ontologías que continúan la crítica de la lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos una breve agenda de apuntes temáticos que carecen de un proceso decolonizador en el campo transpersonal: a) crítica de las perspectivas de un pensamiento hegemónico, ya sea en términos globales a través del dominio Norte-Sur o en el campo de las relaciones sociales; b) revisión de las formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) cuestionamiento de la noción de universalismo de la ciencia y la ética; d) profundización del análisis crítico de la supremacía restrictiva de la racionalidad formal técnico-científica en relación a las formas de subjetividad, de experiencias holísticas e integradoras y de valoración del cuerpo; e) revisión de la noción de sujeto moderno desprovisto de la cocreación de lo humano con la comunidad, la historia, la naturaleza y el cosmos.(AU)

O poder sobre a vida: os corpos regidos pela prática biomédica versus corpos de intensidades / The power over life: bodies governed by biomedical practice versus intensity bodies

Neste artigo, discuto a questão da materialidade organicista do corpo contra um corpo de intensidades. De acordo com Separavich e Canesqui (2010), os estudos de Marcel Mauss (2003 [1934]) e Margaret Mead (2000 [1935]) "revelou que, embora se possa atribuir uma materialidade universal ao corpo, definições, disposições corporais e seus significados são múltiplos. Como resultado dessa heterogeneidade nas formas de conceber corpo, as concepções do que seja saúde e doença também múltiplas tradições" (p. 251). De acordo com Cecil G. Helman (1994) para "os membros de todas as sociedades, o corpo humano é mais do que um simples organismo físico oscilando entre a saúde e a doença. É também o foco de um conjunto de crenças sobre seu significado social e psicológico, estrutura e funcionamento. A expressão 'imagem corporal' é usada para descrever todas as maneiras pelas quais um indivíduo conceitua e experimenta seu próprio corpo, consciente ou inconscientemente" (p. 30), variando com cada sociedade e momento histórico em que se definem: incluem crenças sobre a forma e o tamanho ideal do corpo, crenças sobre sua estrutura e crenças sobre suas funções. Pretendo refletir sobre o corpo, trazendo alguns elementos históricos para chamar a atenção para a ocorrência de certas condições ­ conhecimento médico e outros aspectos sócio-históricos ­ entrelaçada com a produção de práticas e intervenções médicas, no corpo, assim como no governo da vida, com a intenção de chamar a atenção para as práticas médicas integrativas que são a partir de uma visão do corpo de intensidades.

In this article, I discuss the issue of the organicist materiality of the body versus a body of intensities. According to Separavich and Canesqui (2010), the studies of Marcel Mauss (2003 [1934]) and Margaret Mead (2000 [1935]) "revealed that, although a universal materiality can be attributed to the body, definitions, bodily dispositions and their meanings are manifold. As a result of this heterogeneity in the ways of conceiving the body, the conceptions of what health and disease are also have multiple traditions" (p. 251). According to Cecil G. Helman (1994) for "the members of all societies, the human body is more than a simple physical organism oscillating between health and disease. It is also the focus of a set of beliefs about its social and psychological meaning, structure and functioning. The expression 'body image' is used to describe all the ways in which an individual conceptualizes and experiences his own body, consciously or unconsciously" (p. 30), varying with each society and historical moment in which they are defined: they include beliefs about ideal body shape and size, beliefs about its internal structure, and beliefs about its functions. I intend to reflect on the body, bringing some historical elements to draw attention to the occurrence of certain conditions - medical knowledge and other socio-historical aspects - intertwined with the production of medical practices and interventions, in the body, as well as in the government of life, with the intention of drawing attention to integrative medical practices that are based on a vision of the body of intensities.

Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Theories of Wellbeing and Their Suitability for Wellbeing Policy.

A growing interest among governments in policies to promote wellbeing has the potential to revive a social view of health promotion. However, success may depend on the way governments define wellbeing and conceptualize ways to promote it. We analyze theories of wellbeing to discern twelve types of wellbeing theory and assess the suitability of each type of theory as a basis for effective wellbeing policies. We used Durie's methodology of working at the interface between knowledge systems and Indigenous dialogic methods of yarning and deep listening. We analyzed selected literature on non-Indigenous theories and Indigenous theories from Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States to develop a typology of wellbeing theories. We applied political science perspectives on theories of change in public policy to assess the suitability of each type of theory to inform wellbeing policies. We found that some theory types define wellbeing purely as a property of individuals, whilst others define it in terms of social or environmental conditions. Each approach has weaknesses regarding the theory of change in wellbeing policy. Indigenous relational theories transcend an 'individual or environment' dichotomy, providing for pluralistic approaches to health promotion. A broad theoretic approach to wellbeing policy, encompassing individual, social, equity-based and environmental perspectives, is recommended.