Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement.

The term differences of sex development (DSDs; also known as disorders of sex development) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions affecting human sex determination and differentiation. Several reports highlighting suboptimal physical and psychosexual outcomes in individuals who have a DSD led to a radical revision of nomenclature and management a decade ago. Whereas the resulting recommendations for holistic, multidisciplinary care seem to have been implemented rapidly in specialized paediatric services around the world, adolescents often experience difficulties in finding access to expert adult care and gradually or abruptly cease medical follow-up. Many adults with a DSD have health-related questions that remain unanswered owing to a lack of evidence pertaining to the natural evolution of the various conditions in later life stages. This Consensus Statement, developed by a European multidisciplinary group of experts, including patient representatives, summarizes evidence-based and experience-based recommendations for lifelong care and data collection in individuals with a DSD across ages and highlights clinical research priorities. By doing so, we hope to contribute to improving understanding and management of these conditions by involved medical professionals. In addition, we hope to give impetus to multicentre studies that will shed light on outcomes and comorbidities of DSD conditions across the lifespan.

Perspectiva de género en páginas webs españolas de salud sexual para la población joven / Gender perspective on Spanish websites addressed to young people's sexual health

Introducción. El desarrollo imparable de las nuevas tecnologías y su uso creciente como fuente de información en salud sexual por parte de la población más joven nos hace replantearnos si la información que los jóvenes están recibiendo a través de estas páginas web es objetiva y fiable, y si refleja un modelo de sexualidad integral y con perspectiva de género. Objetivos. Analizar el contenido visual y escrito del Portal de Salud Sexual de población joven de Castilla y León desde una visión holística de la sexualidad y contrastar las páginas web de salud sexual joven de instituciones oficiales de las diferentes comunidades autónomas de España. Material y método. Se ha realizado una evaluación del diseño y de los contenidos de la página de la web de Salud Sexual Joven de Castilla y León mediante una matriz de análisis que respondía a las necesidades y objetivos del estudio. Resultados y conclusiones. El modelo de salud sexual que promueve el portal estudiado, a través de sus contenidos e imágenes, es un modelo heterosexista basado en la prevención de riesgos, cuyo eje central está sustentado en la reducción de riesgos de contraer infecciones de trasmisión sexual (ITS) o embarazos no planificados, lo cual fomenta por tanto una visión de la sexualidad limitada y coitocéntrica. Su abordaje se plantea ciego al género, omitiendo los factores sociales, culturales e individuales que interactúan en mujeres y hombres a la hora de vivir su sexualidad

Introduction. The unstoppable development of new technologies and their increasing use as a source of information on sexual health by the younger population, makes us wonder whether the information they are receiving through websites is objective and reliable; and whether it reflects a model of comprehensive sexuality with a gender perspective. Objectives. To analyze the visual and written content of the Sexual Health Portal for young people of Castilla y León from a holistic sexual perspective and to compare the websites for young people’s sexual health from official institutions of Spain’s different autonomous communities. Materials and method. The design and contents of the website for Young People’s Sexual Health of Castilla y León were analyzed using a matrix that met the study’s needs and objectives. Results and conclusions. The sexual health model promoted by the portal, through its contents and images, follows a heteronormative model based on risk prevention, whose central axis is based on the reduction of risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unplanned pregnancies, thus promoting a vision of a limited and coitocentric sexuality. The website’s approach to sexuality is gender blind, omitting the social, cultural and individual factors present in women and men's sexual experiences

Consumo de drogas y prácticas sexuales de los adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellin (Colombia) / Drug use and sexual practices of teenagers in the city of Medellin (Colombia)

Se estudia la relación entre consumo de drogas y prácticas sexuales en adolecentes de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia). Mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio y por conglomerados, se obtuvo una muestra representativa de 955 adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 años de edad pertenecientes a colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Medellín de los grados 9º, 10º y 11º. Los resultados muestran que la prevalencia general de relaciones sexuales bajo el efecto de alcohol o drogas es del 43,67%. Las drogas más usadas para tener prácticas sexuales son el alcohol, la marihuana, el popper, la cocaína y el éxtasis. Consumir alcohol o drogas y tener prácticas sexuales presenta una asociación estadística significativa (p= 0.001). Las practicas sexuales mas frecuentes bajo el efecto de sustancias psicoactivas son las exploratorias (manoseo, caricias) 71%; la penetrativa vaginal (63.67%), el sexo oral (45.30%) y la masturbación (19.59%). Con respecto a tener prácticas sexuales bajo efecto de alcohol o drogas y usar métodos de protección, el 55,9% de los jóvenes usan siempre el condón, el 37,3% lo usan algunas veces y el 6,8% nunca lo usan. Este estudio prueba lo ya constatado por otras investigaciones donde se muestra la alta asociación estadística que hay entre el consumo de drogas y las prácticas sexuales, pero da cuenta que no existe asociación estadística significativa entre tener practicas sexuales bajo efectos de alcohol o drogas y el uso o no uso de métodos de protección, lo que constituye su hallazgo mas importante(AU)

The purpose of this research project was to study the relationship between drug consumption and sexual practices in teenagers in the city of Medellin, Colombia. A transversal studied was designed in order to identify the variables related to having had sexual intercourse under the effects of drugs or alcohol. The sample was made up of 955 teenagers between 14 and 17, who were in 9th, 10th and 11th grades in public and private schools in the city of Medellin. The results show that the prevalence of drug and alcohol influence in sexual intercourse is 43,67%. The most common drugs used for sexual practices are alcohol, marihuana, popper, cocaine and ecstasy. Consuming alcohol or drugs and having sexual practices shows an associated meaningful statistic (p= 0.001). The more common sexual practices under psychoactive substances are the exploratory ones (caresses and touching) (71%), vaginal penetration (63.67%), oral sex (45.30%) and masturbation (19.59%). Regarding the protection methods during sexual intercourse under drug or alcohol influence 55,9% always use a condom, 37,3% sometimes use it, and 6,8% never do it. This study proves what had been previously established by other research projects that show a high statistic association between drug consumption and sexual practices, but realizes that there is no statistically significant association between sexual practices under the influence of alcohol or drugs and the use or non-use of protective methods, which is the most important finding (AU)

Actitudes hacia las mujeres de los esquemáticos frente a los no esquemáticos de género / Attitude towards women of gender schematic vs aschematic individuals

Tras la cuádruple tipología de género (década de los setenta), un nuevo modelo dual surgió en los ochenta: personas con esquema de género frente a las no esquemáticas. En el presente trabajo se examina la relación entre estas categorías y las actitudes hacia las mujeres, utilizando el Bem Sex Role Inventory y Attitudes Towards Women Scale. Se llevaron a cabo dos estudios con adolescentes (chicos y chicas) de 12 a 14 años: el primero (2001) con 359 participantes y el de réplica (2009) con 224. Se realizaron análisis factoriales y ANOVAS. Los resultados, de ambos estudios, apoyan la hipótesis de que las adolescentes muestran una actitud más favorable que los adolescentes hacia las mujeres. Las personas femeninas o andróginas respondieron de forma semejante, pero de modo diferente al resto. Los varones masculinos y las mujeres femeninas no mostraron diferencias en las actitudes hacia las mujeres frente a las personas sin esquema de género o de género cruzado. Respecto a las posibles diferencias entre los esquemáticos típicos frente a los atípicos y las de los esquemáticos frente a los indiferenciados, los resultados son discrepantes. Se establecen las implicaciones tanto para los instrumentos utilizados como para las teorías subyacentes (AU)

After the fourfold gender typology (1970s), a dual model -gender schematic versus aschematic individuals- emerged in the 1980s. In this research, the relationship between gender schemas and attitudes towards women’s rights were tested. Two studies were carried out (2001 and 2009) with adolescents (boys and girls) from 12 to 14 years old, with 359 participants in 2001 and 224 in 2009, using two instruments: the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale. Factor analysis and ANOVAs were carried out. The results of both studies supported the hypothesis that girls maintain more favourable attitudes about themselves than boys do. Both studies supported the hypothesis that feminine and androgynous individuals display similar attitudes towards women, but they differ from the other gender categories. Masculine boys and feminine girls did not show differences in attitudes towards women in comparison to aschematic or cross-gendered adolescents. Inconsistent results were found between studies regarding the hypothesized differences between typical and atypical schematics in attitudes towards women, as well as between undifferentiated and gender schematic individuals. The implications of these results for the instruments used, as well as for theories, are considered (AU)

Troubled meditations on psychosexual differentiation: reply to Hegarty (2009).

P. Hegarty (see record 2009-09998-015) offered several critiques of the articles by G. Rieger, J. A. W. Linsenmeier, L. Gygax, and J. M. Bailey (see record 2007-19851-006) and K. D. Drummond, S. J. Bradley, M. Peterson-Badali, and K. J. Zucker (see record 2007-19851-005) that were published in a Developmental Psychology special section entitled "Sexual Orientation Across the Lifespan," guest-edited by C. J. Patterson and R. C. Savin-Williams (2008): (a) reliance on a "disease paradigm" (i.e., the use of "medicalizing" language) of lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender issues at the expense of a "stigma paradigm," (b) endorsement of a developmental linkage between childhood sex-typed behavior and later gender identity-sexual orientation, and (c) various sociophilosophical and applied matters pertaining to the diagnosis of gender identity disorder in children. In this reply, we address these 3 criticisms and argue that an interdisciplinary approach, informed by multiple paradigms, will most certainly facilitate, not impede, the discovery of answers to many questions about psychosexual development for which data are currently lacking.

Play and the older child: developmental and clinical opportunities.

This paper examines the meaning and function of pretend play in older children. First, a review of the widely accepted developmental sequences, growth-promoting potential, and analytic uses of play for younger children is provided. Then the possible role for play in later childhood is explored through the presentation of Sarah, a twelve-year-old girl in analysis, whose play appeared to provide both clinical and developmental benefits. The suggestion is made to soften the existing developmental line for play in order to allow for its role with preadolescent children.

[Libido disorders]. / Les troubles de la libido.

Desire lies in the fact of anticipating through imaginary processes a pleasure hoped for in reality. It corresponds to the phase that precedes and accompanies the rise of excitation. Desire troubles can be divided by: an "excess" pathology (hyperactive desire) and a "by default" pathology (hypoactive desire, even sexual aversion). This article discusses the "by default" desire troubles. The lack of sexual desire can be a normal occurrence. It becomes a problem when it lasts too long and is a source of pain and/or conflict within the couple. This problem occurs more frequently with women than it does with men. This can be linked to hormonal differences: testosterone is the desire hormone, while prolactine is the anti-desire hormone. Men seem to be quantitatively more provided with desire hormones than women. Also, women are often subjected to period's hormonal fluctuations. On the psychosexual level, men have a bigger need to actively express their sexuality in order to consolidate their masculinity. Women can more easily rest on feeling the other's desire to be reassured in her femininity. To evaluate a problem of lack in sexual desire, we need to explore five etiological axis: -an organical axis; -social, professional; -familial causes; -relational problems: helping couples in clarifying some concealed conflicts; -interpersonal problems: when there is a need to fetch a psychic internal reality, as the latter stays condensed through erotic imaginary processes (a reflection of someone's true erotic personality). A therapeutic strategy will depend on that kind of assessment and therefore can rely on multiple disciplines.

Brain pathology in pedophilic offenders: evidence of volume reduction in the right amygdala and related diencephalic structures.

CONTEXT: Pedophilic crime causes considerable public concern, but no causative factor of pedophilia has yet been pinpointed. In the past, etiological theories postulated a major impact of the environment, but recent studies increasingly emphasize the role of neurobiological factors, as well. However, the role of alterations in brain structures that are crucial in the development of sexual behavior has not yet been systematically studied in pedophilic subjects. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether pedophilic perpetrators show structural neuronal deficits in brain regions that are critical for sexual behavior and how these deficits relate to criminological characteristics. DESIGN: Amygdalar volume and gray matter of related structures that are critical for sexual development were compared in 15 nonviolent male pedophilic perpetrators (forensic inpatients) and 15 controls using complementary morphometric analyses (voxel-based morphometry and volumetry). Psychosocial adjustment and sexual offenses were also assessed. RESULTS: Pedophilic perpetrators showed a significant decrease of right amygdalar volume, compared with healthy controls (P = .001). We observed reduced gray matter in the right amygdala, hypothalamus (bilaterally), septal regions, substantia innominata, and bed nucleus of the striae terminalis. In 8 of the 15 perpetrators, enlargement of the anterior temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle that adjoins the amygdala could be recognized by routine qualitative clinical assessment. Smaller right amygdalar volumes were correlated with the propensity to commit uniform pedophilic sexual offenses exclusively (P = .006) but not with age (P = .89). CONCLUSIONS: Pedophilic perpetrators show structural impairments of brain regions critical for sexual development. These impairments are not related to age, and their extent predicts how focused the scope of sexual offenses is on uniform pedophilic activity. Subtle defects of the right amygdala and closely related structures might be implicated in the pathogenesis of pedophilia and might possibly reflect developmental disturbances or environmental insults at critical periods.

Is religiosity a protective factor against substance use in young adulthood? Only if you're straight!

PURPOSE: Previous research has documented that substance use peaks during young adulthood and that religiosity provides a protective effect against binge drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking. The majority of these studies do not examine sexual identity as it relates to these factors. Drawing on social influence and developmental theories, we tested the hypothesis that religiosity would provide a protective effect for heterosexual but not sexual minority young adults. METHOD: Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health provided data for the study. Three young adult sexual identity groups were formed: sexual minorities who did not report same-sex attraction at Wave 1 (NA), sexual minorities who did report same-sex attraction at Wave 1 (SSA), and heterosexuals (HET) (sample n = 764). RESULTS: Religiosity measured at baseline had no significant effect on past-year substance use, measured six years later in sexual minority young adults. For heterosexual young adults, each unit increase in religiosity reduced the odds of binge drinking by 9%, marijuana use by 20%, and cigarette smoking by 13%. CONCLUSIONS: Religiosity was not protective against substance use in sexual minority young adults, cautioning against over-generalizing previous findings about the protective effects of religiosity. Future studies that 1) consider the social context for sexual identity development, 2) model both risk and protective factors, and 3) use multidimensional measures of religiosity (and spirituality) and sexual identity are needed to build the necessary knowledge base for effective health promotion efforts among sexual minority youth and young adults.

Male-male homosexology: seven short discourses.

Homosexology is that branch of the science of sexology that deals with same sex relationships. It is subdivided into ideation, imagery, and praxis. Praxeology is the science of praxis. There are two doctrines by which homosexuality is defined: elective and developmental. Elective is like joining a political party and is more likely bisexual than exclusively homosexual. Complete developmental homosexuality is a state of being and is characteristically immutable. Both types of homosexuality are determined multivariately and sequentially, not univariately. Male and female mammals are phylogenically programmed to be reciprocal, not identical, in the praxeology of their courtship and mating. In primate, notably human, evolution, the eyes have taken over from the nose as organs of erotic arousal, but the molecular biology of how this happens in individual development, gay, straight or ambivalent, remains to be ascertained. The different personal histories of homosexual development also remain to be ascertained and cataloged.

Suggestion can help.

One cannot practise dentistry without realising that for the patient, the control of pain and fear is extremely important. Modern technical advances have made painless dentistry a reality and yet research has shown that more people avoid dental treatment through fear of pain than all other factors combined. Dental surgeons and psychologists agree that patients frequently magnify their unpleasant dental experiences. There are deep-seated psychological reasons for this exaggerated fear; the mouth being a highly charged erotogenic region, is a primary zone of interaction with the environment and can have important far-reaching emotional significance. To many people the anticipation of dental treatment is sufficient to arouse extreme anxiety. Dental schools lay great emphasis on basic medical sciences and the technical excellence of students, the psychosomatic approach to the alleviation of apprehension, fear and pain is meanwhile often sadly neglected. The use of controlled suggestion and hypnosis can be shown to play a very important role in clinical dentistry.

Maternidade e alteridade: Atenas, as Luzes e Freud / Maternity and alterity: Athens, the Enlightment and Freud

Esta tese examina a questão da maternidade, a partir de uma abordagem histórica das construçÕes discursivas dominantes na Grécia Clássica e nas Luzes, e da análise de determinados textos de Freud. O objetivo principal é tentar demonstrar o peso de uma tradição patriarcal, que remonta à Antiguidade sobre a representação fálica da maternidade de Freud (embora ele também abra outras linhas interpretativas alternativas), sustentada em três pilares fundamentais: o monismo fálico, o essencialismo no entendimento da questão da diferença entre os sexos e a idéia de que as mães têm os filhos sozinhas, sem intervenção do pai.

A maternidade como enigma: Atenas, as Luzes e Freud / Maternity as an enigma: Athens, the Enlightnment and Freud

Este trabalho examina a questão da meternidade, a partir de uma abordagem histórica das construções discursivas dominantes na Grécia Clássica e nas Luzes, e da análise de determinados textos de Freud. O objetivo principal é tentar demonstrar o peso de uma tradição patriarcal, que remonta à Antiguidade sobre a representação fálica da maternidade de Freud (embora ele também abra outras linhas interpretativas alternativas), sustentada em três pilares fundamentais: o monismo fálico, o essencialismo no entendimento da questão da diferença entre os sexos e a idéia de que as mães têm os filhos sozinhas, sem intervenção do pai.

Miasmes et maladies infantiles: approche psychanalytique / Miasms and infantile diseases: approuche psychoanalytic

Les maladies infantiles, qui se repetent depuis de nombreuses generations, jouent un role dans la maturation de notre systeme immunitaire. L'auteur analyse cet impact a la lumiere des miasmes hahnemanniens et des decouverts freudiennes. (AU)

L'enfant et la sexualite / The child and sexuality

La sexualite chez l'enfant ne se resume pas aux manifestations en rapport avec l'acte genital de la procreation. Le terme "sexuel" englobe, depuis Freud et a la suite de Dolto... (AU)