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1.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(6): 1915-1928, 2018 Jun.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29972499

ABSTRACT

This study presents an overview of public sector interventions and progress made on the women's and child health front in Brazil between 1990 and 2015. We analyzed indicators of antenatal and labor and delivery care and maternal and infant health status using data from the Live Birth Information System and Mortality Information System, national surveys, published articles, and other sources. We also outline the main women's and child health policies and intersectoral poverty reduction programs. There was a sharp fall in fertility rates; the country achieved universal access to antenatal and labor and delivery care services; access to contraception and breastfeeding improved significantly; there was a reduction in hospital admissions due to abortion and in malnutrition. The rates of congenital syphilis, caesarean sections and preterm births remain excessive. Under-five mortality decreased by more than two-thirds, but less pronounced for the neonatal component. The maternal mortality ratio decreased from 143.2 to 59.7 per 100 000 live births. Despite worsening scores or levelling off across certain health indicators, the large majority improved markedly.


Este estudo apresenta um sumário das intervenções realizadas no âmbito do setor público e os indicadores de resultado alcançados na saúde de mulheres e crianças, destacando-se os avanços no período 1990-2015. Foram descritos indicadores de atenção pré-natal, assistência ao parto e saúde materna e infantil utilizando dados provenientes de Sistemas de Informação Nacionais de nascidos vivos e óbitos; inquéritos nacionais; e publicações obtidas de diversas outras fontes. Foram também descritos os programas governamentais desenvolvidos para a melhoria da saúde das mulheres e das crianças, bem como outros intersetoriais para redução da pobreza. Houve grande queda nas taxas de fecundidade, universalização da atenção pré-natal e hospitalar ao parto, aumento do acesso à contracepção e aleitamento materno, e diminuição das hospitalizações por aborto e da subnutrição. Mantém-se em excesso a sífilis congênita, taxa de cesarianas e nascimentos prematuros. A redução na mortalidade na infância foi de mais de 2/3, mas não tão marcada no componente neonatal. A razão de mortalidade materna decresceu de 143,2 para 59,7 por 1000 NV. Embora alguns poucos indicadores tenham demonstrado piora ou mantido a estabilidade, a grande maioria apresentou acentuadas melhoras.


Subject(s)
Child Health/trends , Infant Health/trends , Maternal Health/trends , Reproductive Health/trends , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Child , Child, Preschool , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Female , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Health Status Indicators , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Maternal Mortality/trends , Middle Aged , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Poverty , Pregnancy , Young Adult
3.
Rev. fitoter ; 15(2): 133-146, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147882

ABSTRACT

El uso de productos naturales ha impactado diversos aspectos de la medicina incluyendo la salud sexual y repreductiva, con efectos deletéreos sobre los espermatozoides o afrodisiacos Se ha evaluado el efecto de diversas plantas afrodisiacas sobre los mecanismos del desempeño sexual y la calidad de los espermatozoides, lo que permite plantear que extractos de las mismas podrian facilitar la capacitación espermática. En esta revisión bibliográfica se reportan los usos farmacológicos y tradicionales de 20 plantas consideradas tradicionalmente afrodisiacas que podrian ser utilizadas como agentes naturales con efecto capacitante sobre espermatozoides humanos (AU)


O uso de produtos naturais tem tido impacto em diversos aspectos da medicina, incluindo a saude sexual e reprodutiva, tanto pelos potenciais efeitos nocivos sobre os espermatozoides como atraves do use de afrodisiacos. Estudou-se o efeito de varias plantas afrodisiacas sobre os mecanismos de desempenho sexual e qualidade das células espermaticas, para avaliar a possibilidadede melhoria da capacitagao dos espermatozoides. Neste revisao da literatura sao relatados os uses farmacologicos e tradicionais de 20 plantas tradicionalmente consideradas afrodisiacas, que poderiam ser utilizadas como compostos naturais com efeito na capacitaçao de esperma humano (AU)


The use of natural products has impacted various aspects of medicine including sexual and reproductive health, through their deleterious effect on sperm cells or as aphrodisiacs. The mechanisms of sexual performance and sperm cells quality of several aphrodisiac plants have been studied, in order of evaluating the possibility of enhancing sperm capacitation. In this literature review, the pharmacological and traditional uses of 20 aphrodisiac plants that could be used as natural agents with effect on human sperm capacitation are reported (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Aphrodisiacs/agonists , Aphrodisiacs/chemical synthesis , Spermatozoa/cytology , Spermatozoa/physiology , Sexual Health , Reproductive Health/education , Reproductive Health/ethnology , Plants/anatomy & histology , Pregnancy/genetics , Therapeutics/methods , Aphrodisiacs/administration & dosage , Aphrodisiacs/adverse effects , Spermatozoa/abnormalities , Spermatozoa/classification , Reproductive Health/classification , Reproductive Health/trends , Plants/adverse effects , Pregnancy/metabolism , Therapeutics/standards
4.
Enferm. glob ; 14(37): 455-466, ene. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-131086

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En España en el año 2013 había un total de 6.259.137 extranjeros, el 49% eran mujeres, esto da lugar a que la salud reproductiva de este colectivo suponga una preocupación importante en el campo de la Salud Pública en España, ya que es uno de los grupos más demandantes de determinados servicios sanitarios. Objetivo: Describir la situación actual del empleo de métodos anticonceptivos de la mujer inmigrante en España en los últimos años (2005 en adelante). Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la primera quincena de marzo de 2014, se limitó a artículos y revisiones bibliográficas publicadas a partir del 2005 en inglés y español. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed, IME, SCOPUS, CINAHL, CUIDEN, WOS, Cochrane Library y TESEO. Resultados: La enfermera juega un papel fundamental en el conocimiento y uso de nuevos métodos anticonceptivos por parte de la mujer inmigrante, contando con que el DIU es más utilizado por la inmigrante magrebí y de Europa del Este, el preservativo es el más usado por la inmigrante latinoamericana, la asiática conoce bien todos los métodos pero prefiere la medicina tradicional china, y la subsahariana es la que tiene menor índice de uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: Existe una variabilidad de métodos anticonceptivos por parte de la mujer inmigrante en España según su religión y/o cultura. El profesional de Enfermería, debe conocer dichas peculiaridades, con el fin de ofrecer un cuidado transcultural a la paciente y su pareja al objeto de favorecer una planificación familiar efectiva (AU)


Introduction: There were a total of 6,259,137 foreigners in Spain in 2013, 49% of which were women. This leads to the reproductive health of this collective supposing an important problem in the field of Public Health in Spain, since it is one of the most demanding groups in certain health services. Objective: To describe the current situation of contraceptive methods of immigrant women in Spain in recent years (2005 onwards). Methodology: A literature review was conducted in the first half of March 2014, it was limited to articles and literature reviews published since 2005 in English and Spanish. The databases used were PubMed, IME, SCOPUS, CINAHL, CUIDEN, WOS, Cochrane Library and TESEO databases. Results: The nurse plays a key role in the knowledge and use of new contraceptive methods by immigrant women, with the IUD being used by Maghrebi and Eastern European immigrants, the condom is the most used by the Latino immigrants, Asians know all the methods but prefer the traditional Chinese medicine, while the Sub-Saharan is the one who has the lowest rates of contraceptive use. Conclusions: The variability of contraceptive methods used by immigrant women in Spain depends on their religion and/or culture. The nursing professional must know these peculiarities, in order to provide a transcultural care to the patient and her partner in order to promote effective family planning (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Contraceptive Agents , Contraceptive Agents, Female/therapeutic use , Contraceptive Devices/trends , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , Reproductive Health/statistics & numerical data , Reproductive Health/standards , Reproductive Health/trends , Public Health/methods , Cultural Characteristics
5.
AIDS ; 27 Suppl 1: S127-33, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24088679

ABSTRACT

Sexual health is an evolving paradigm that integrates a positive approach to sexuality with existing public health policy and practice for reducing the burdens of sexually transmitted infections, including those due to HIV. The sexual health paradigm rests in commitment to sexual rights, sexual knowledge, sexual choice, and sexual pleasure, as well as key elements of sexuality addressed by sexual desire, sexual arousal, and sexual function, and sexual behaviors. The sexual health paradigm offers new approaches to supporting general health and well being while reducing the burdens of sexual diseases and their consequences.


Subject(s)
Public Health Administration/trends , Reproductive Health/standards , Reproductive Health/trends , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Health Policy , Humans , Sexual Behavior , Sexuality
6.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 19(3): 172-179, sept. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-132817

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de la presente revisión es evaluar los efectos de la L-carnitina sobre la infertilidad masculina y como complemento nutricional para la mejora de la calidad espermática y de la fertilidad. Se ha realizado una extensa búsqueda de publicaciones científicas en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas especializadas: PubMed central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, Scielo España, Scirus y Science Direct. La infertilidad representa un problema para el 15% de las parejas en edad reproductiva. Del total de infertilidad, aproximadamente el 50% se asocia a infertilidad masculina. La ingestión de L-carnitina puede mejorar la fertilidad masculina, aportando energía celular a los espermatozoides, facilitando la movilidad, mejorando su proceso de formación, la maduración, la formación de la membrana, y aumentando la calidad seminal, mientras ayuda en el metabolismo que sigue a la eyaculación. La mayoría de estudios sugieren que la suplementación con L-carnitina podría tener un carácter preventivo y terapéutico, actuando también como complemento a tratamientos de infertilidad, especialmente en pacientes afectados por la infertilidad masculina idiopática. No obstante, no todos los estudios son concluyentes o existen variaciones de resultados. Por lo tanto, se necesita la realización de investigaciones adicionales para poder estar seguros de la eficacia y la seguridad de la suplementación con L-carnitina en tratamientos para la infertilidad masculina, así como determinar la dosis para mejorar los parámetros seminales y los resultados de embarazo (AU)


The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on male infertility and as a nutritional supplement for improving sperm quality and fertility. There has been an extensive search of scientific publications in the following specialized electronic databases: PubMed Central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, Scielo Spain, Scirus and Science Direct. Infertility is a problem for 15% of couples in reproductive age. Approximately 50% of infertility is associated with male infertility. The ingestion of L-carnitine may improve male fertility, bringing energy to the sperm cell, facilitating mobility, improving their training process, maturation, membrane formation, and increasing semen quality, while helping the metabolism that follows ejaculation. Most studies suggest that supplementation with L-carnitine may be preventative and therapeutic, also acting as a complement to infertility treatments, especially in patients with idiopathic infertility. However, not all studies are conclusive and exists large variations within results. Therefore, further research is needed to test the efficacy and safety of L-carnitine supplementation in male infertility treatments and to determine the dose for sperm parameters and pregnancy outcomes improvements (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Carnitine/metabolism , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Infertility, Male/diet therapy , Spermatozoa/physiology , Semen/physiology , Confidence Intervals , Reference Values , Recommended Dietary Allowances/trends , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena , Reproductive Health/statistics & numerical data , Reproductive Health/trends , Clomiphene/therapeutic use
7.
Public Health Rep ; 128 Suppl 1: 102-10, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23450891

ABSTRACT

Nations across the globe face significant public heath challenges in optimizing sexual health, including reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, and sexual violence, and mitigating the associated adverse social and economic impacts. In response, some countries have implemented national strategies and other efforts focused on promoting more holistic and integrated approaches for addressing these syndemics. This article describes opportunities for national leadership to use a more holistic approach to improve the sexual health of individuals and communities.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion/standards , Pregnancy, Unplanned , Public Health/standards , Reproductive Health/standards , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/trends , Health Status Disparities , Humans , Leadership , Male , Pregnancy , Public Health/methods , Public Health/trends , Reproductive Health/trends , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology
8.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(supl.1): 118-123, mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102892

ABSTRACT

Para que atención primaria pueda responder a las necesidades de salud en su comunidad, es imprescindible la participación de diversos profesionales. En el centro de salud deben integrarse sus diferentes enfoques y funciones, poniéndolos al servicio de los resultados. Esta orientación exige compartir en el equipo elementos esenciales, como son la historia electrónica, la organización de la atención a diferentes grupos poblacionales, los sistemas de calidad o las interconsultas entre profesionales del mismo centro. Ejemplos de interrelaciones pueden ser una mujer captada en la consulta de embarazo atendida en odontología preventiva, un adulto con hábito tabáquico remitido de odontología al médico de familia o la enfermera, o una paciente con lumbalgia derivada a la consulta de anticoncepción. A continuación se analizan las actuaciones y las perspectivas de diferentes profesiones en la atención a la salud bucodental, la atención a la salud sexual/reproductiva y la atención de fisioterapia (AU)


For primary health care to have an impact on health in the community, the involvement of multiple professionals is essential. The health team should include the knowledge and experience of distinct professional disciplines, with a results-oriented approach. This new approach requires the team to share key elements, such as the electronic record, the organization of care for different population groups, quality systems, and consultations among professionals in the same center. Examples of these interrelations are a woman attending an prenatal visit being referred to preventive dentistry, a smoking adult referred from dentistry to the family doctor or nurse, and a patient with low back pain referred from physiotherapy to a consultation on contraception. The present article analyzes the actions and perspectives of different disciplines in oral health care, sexual health / reproductive care and physiotherapy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team/trends , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Referral and Consultation/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/trends , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/trends , Comprehensive Dental Care/trends , Reproductive Health/trends , /organization & administration
10.
Washington, D.C; s.n; Edición final; dic. 2000. 56 p. (OPS/HSP/HSO/019.01).
Non-conventional in Spanish | RHS | ID: biblio-966045

ABSTRACT

En el otoño 1997 se formó una alianza colaborativa para el desarrollo de la enfermería y la partería en la Región de las Américas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). La alianza colaborativa incluía a representantes de tres programas de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS): Programa de Desarrollo de Recursos Humanos, Programa de Salud de la Familia y Población, y Programa de Organización y Gestión de Sistemas y Servicios de Salud; la División de Enfermería (HRSA) del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Sociales (HHS); y el Centro Colaborador de la OMS para Liderazgo en Enfermería y Partería de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Pennsylvania. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Staff Development/methods , Midwifery , Personnel Management , Public Health/education , Education, Public Health Professional , Health Human Resource Training , Reproductive Health/education , Reproductive Health/trends
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